供应链绩效评价体系研究
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摘要
供应链是当代企业界的最新组织形式之一，它能把多个相关企业或企业集团原本独立的资源进行有效的整合，使之发挥出“1+1＞2”的整体效益。但是，正是由于供应链是由多个企业或企业集团按一定形式组合而成，其管理的复杂程度要远远高于单一的企业管理。供应链所带来的增值收益需要通过交织成网络状关系的各成员企业实行供应链一体化管理的思想才能实现，这样企业就遇到了新课题：如何协调企业利益与供应链整体的利益，这就需要企业实现从个别业务职能的管理到以供应链的观点进行管理的转变。而这种转变如何达到理想的效果，必须以相对客观的标准和方法予以评价，以帮助企业发现问题、寻求解决方法，从而促进供应链的有效改进和运作。所以，有效的供应链绩效评价是推动供应链管理的关键。
本文简要介绍了供应链和供应链管理的基本内容，叙述了供应链绩效评价的国内外研究现状。根据供应链绩效评价的基础理论和主要内容，重点分析了加强的平衡记分法从财务角度、客户角度、流程角度、发展角度和外部角度等五个方面，全面建立了供应链绩效评价指标体系，并运用层次分析法确定了各项指标的权重。根据评价的需要，每个方面又分成不同的指标，从而形成供应链绩效评价指标体系。随后还构建了供应链综合绩效评价模型。最后，本文讨论了供应链绩效评价指标体系和模型的具体应用。
Supply chain, one of the modern enterprise organizations, can integrate effectively independent resources in interrelated enterprises or agglomeration and produce effect of "one plus one is larger than two ". However, the management of supply chain is far more complex than that of single enterprise in that the supply chain is made up of different enterprises of agglomeration. And so the general principles and methods of business management can't cope with the modern supply chain management. Increment from supply chains cannot be obtained only if all member enterprises forming a network put supply chain management into practice. One of the settlements is that the enterprise should transform its managing thinking. But to ensure the effect, external standards and methods should be built up to evaluate the transformation, so that the enterprise can find problem and its solution, and promote the operation of the supply chain. So effective performance evaluation of supply chains is the key to supply chain manageme
nt.
This paper introduced basic theory and then indicated the actuality of supply chain performance evaluation research. Based on the related theories and the main content of performance evaluation, I analyzed enforced balanced supply chain management scorecards, build the supply chain performance evaluation indexes system in terms of five aspects including financing, client, procedure, development and exterior, and decide the weight of indexes by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). And then I developed one mode of the supply chain performance evaluation. At last, this paper discussed the application of this system and the mode.
本文简要介绍了供应链和供应链管理的基本内容，叙述了供应链绩效评价的国内外研究现状。根据供应链绩效评价的基础理论和主要内容，重点分析了加强的平衡记分法从财务角度、客户角度、流程角度、发展角度和外部角度等五个方面，全面建立了供应链绩效评价指标体系，并运用层次分析法确定了各项指标的权重。根据评价的需要，每个方面又分成不同的指标，从而形成供应链绩效评价指标体系。随后还构建了供应链综合绩效评价模型。最后，本文讨论了供应链绩效评价指标体系和模型的具体应用。
Supply chain, one of the modern enterprise organizations, can integrate effectively independent resources in interrelated enterprises or agglomeration and produce effect of "one plus one is larger than two ". However, the management of supply chain is far more complex than that of single enterprise in that the supply chain is made up of different enterprises of agglomeration. And so the general principles and methods of business management can't cope with the modern supply chain management. Increment from supply chains cannot be obtained only if all member enterprises forming a network put supply chain management into practice. One of the settlements is that the enterprise should transform its managing thinking. But to ensure the effect, external standards and methods should be built up to evaluate the transformation, so that the enterprise can find problem and its solution, and promote the operation of the supply chain. So effective performance evaluation of supply chains is the key to supply chain manageme
nt.
This paper introduced basic theory and then indicated the actuality of supply chain performance evaluation research. Based on the related theories and the main content of performance evaluation, I analyzed enforced balanced supply chain management scorecards, build the supply chain performance evaluation indexes system in terms of five aspects including financing, client, procedure, development and exterior, and decide the weight of indexes by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). And then I developed one mode of the supply chain performance evaluation. At last, this paper discussed the application of this system and the mode.
引文
1 王迎军．供应链管理实用建模方法及数据挖掘．清华大学出版社，2001
2 孙宏岭、戚世钧．现代物流活动绩效分析．中国物资出版社，2001
3 马士华等．供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2002
4 [美]唐纳德·鲍尔索克斯等．物流管理——供应链过程的一体化．林国龙、宋柏、沙梅译．机械工业出版社，1999
5 [美]罗纳德·H·巴罗著．企业物流管理：供应链的规划、组织和控制．王晓东等译．机械工业出版社，1999
6 [美]大卫·辛奇·利维等著．供应链设计与管理——概念、战略与案例研究．季建华等译．上海远东出版社，2000
7 秦明森、王方智主编．实用物流技术．第二版．中国物资出版社，2001
8 刘志学主编．现代物流手册．中国物资出版社，2001
9 孟建民．中国企业效绩评价．中国财政经济出版社，2002
10 高立法等．企业经营分析与效绩评价．经济管理出版社，2001
11 陈菊红等．灵敏虚拟企业科学管理．西安交通大学出版社，2002
12 孙永祥．公司治理结构：理论与实证研究．上海人民出版社，2002
13 吴俊卿等．绩效评价的理论与方法．科学技术文献出版社，1992
14 曹振宇、周根贵．供应链管理绩效评价指标体系研究．企业经济，2003年第7期
15 刘永胜．供应链绩效评价研究现状与发展趋势．唐山学院学报，2003年第16卷第1期
16 殷梅英等．基于输出的供应链分销阶段绩效改进方法．东北大学学报(自然科学版)，2003年第24卷第7期
17 刘永胜、马燕．生态型供应链绩效的评价指标体系．企业经济，2003年第9期
18 曾祥云．基于供应链管理理论的企业绩效评价．经济管理，2001年第2期
19 张和平、张显东．平衡记分法在供应链绩效评估中的应用．物流技术，2002年第12期
20 刘小平、李洪福．供应链绩效评估策略及其指标体系．物流技术，2002年第8期
21 陈维政等．企业社会绩效评价的利益相关者模式．中国工业经济，2002年第7期
22 邵晓峰等．供应链竞争力评价指标体系研究．预测，2000年第6期
23 王渝、梁浩．供应链建模技术的研究．工业与工程管理，2001年第2期
24 徐学军．基于供应链的企业需求与供应优先级管理的探讨．物资流通研究，2000年第8期
25 沈厚才、陶春．供应链管理理论与方法．中国管理科学，2000年第1期
26 曾现洋．供应链管理的基础理论与绩效评价．河南农业大学硕士学位论文．2003年
27 张传海．供应链管理模式下的企业经营绩效评价研究．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文．2002年
28 胡英婕．基于模糊优化理论的供应链综合绩效评价与合作关系评价．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2003年
29 孙士雅．供应链管理中库存控制策略及管理绩效评价．重庆大学硕士学位论文．2002年
30 郑任．绿色供应链中合作机制及绩效评价体系研究．合肥工业大学硕士学位论文．2003年
31 彭炜儿．运用需求管理提升供应链的绩效．暨南大学硕士学位论文．2003年
32 鞠红．可拓数学方法在供应链管理中的应用研究．大连海事大学硕士学位论文．2003年
33 陈绍贵．供应链的构建与管理．广西大学硕士学位论文．2002年
34 Bower J L, Hout T M. Fast cycle capability for competitive power. Harvard Business Review, 1988(11-12)
35 Fisher L M. What is the right supply chain for your product. Harvard Business Review, 1997(3-4)
36 Gunasekaran A, Patel C Tirtroglu E. Performance measures and metrics in a supply chain environment. International Journal of Operations and Production Management Review, 2001
37 Lee H L, Billington C. Managing supply chain inventory: pitfalls and opportunities. Sloan Management Review, 1992
38 Mapes J, New C, Szwejczewski M. Performance trade-offs in manufacturing plants. International Journal of Operations and Production
Management Review, 1997
39 Maskell B H. Performance measurement for world class Manufacturing.Productivity Press, OR. 1991
40 Soumitra Dutta, Jean-Francois Manzoni. Process Re-engineering,Organizational Change and Performance Improvement. McGraw-Hill Companies Higher Education Group
41 Kaplan R S, David P Norton, The Balanced scorecard -Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 1992(1-2)
42 Kaplan R S, David P Norton, Putting the Balanced scorecard to work. Harvard Business Review, 1993(9-10)
43 Ram Ganeshan, John E. Tyworth, Yuanming Guo. Dual Sourced Supply Chains: the Discount Supplier Option. Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 35 No.1, 1999.3
44 Yan Dong, Kefeng Xu. A Supply Chain Model of Vendor Managed Inventory·Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 38 No.2, 2002.4
45 Alexander E. Ellinger, Patricia J. Daugherty, Quentin J. Plair. Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Supply Chain: the Role of Communication Transportation Research Part E (Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 35 No.2, 1999.6
46 Anna Nagurney, June Dong, Ding Zhang. A Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model. Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 38 No.5, 2002.9
47 P. Fraser Johnson Managing Value in Reverse Logistics Systems. Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 34 No.4, 1998.11
48 Ayliffe R.. Achieving World Class Supply Chains. A Practical Insight Into World Class Logistics and Supply Chain Management(Digest No: 1996/276), IEE Colloquium, 1996.10
49 Fitzpatrick J.. Combing the Forces, Rovers People, Rovers Partners. A Practical Insight Into World Class Logistics and Supply Chain Management(Digest No: 1996/276), IEE Colloquium, 1996.10
50 Clive A Rees. Impact of internal market on the organizational structure and
culture of supply chain management within the NHS. European Journal of Purchasing and supply management, vol11, No4(1994)
2 孙宏岭、戚世钧．现代物流活动绩效分析．中国物资出版社，2001
3 马士华等．供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2002
4 [美]唐纳德·鲍尔索克斯等．物流管理——供应链过程的一体化．林国龙、宋柏、沙梅译．机械工业出版社，1999
5 [美]罗纳德·H·巴罗著．企业物流管理：供应链的规划、组织和控制．王晓东等译．机械工业出版社，1999
6 [美]大卫·辛奇·利维等著．供应链设计与管理——概念、战略与案例研究．季建华等译．上海远东出版社，2000
7 秦明森、王方智主编．实用物流技术．第二版．中国物资出版社，2001
8 刘志学主编．现代物流手册．中国物资出版社，2001
9 孟建民．中国企业效绩评价．中国财政经济出版社，2002
10 高立法等．企业经营分析与效绩评价．经济管理出版社，2001
11 陈菊红等．灵敏虚拟企业科学管理．西安交通大学出版社，2002
12 孙永祥．公司治理结构：理论与实证研究．上海人民出版社，2002
13 吴俊卿等．绩效评价的理论与方法．科学技术文献出版社，1992
14 曹振宇、周根贵．供应链管理绩效评价指标体系研究．企业经济，2003年第7期
15 刘永胜．供应链绩效评价研究现状与发展趋势．唐山学院学报，2003年第16卷第1期
16 殷梅英等．基于输出的供应链分销阶段绩效改进方法．东北大学学报(自然科学版)，2003年第24卷第7期
17 刘永胜、马燕．生态型供应链绩效的评价指标体系．企业经济，2003年第9期
18 曾祥云．基于供应链管理理论的企业绩效评价．经济管理，2001年第2期
19 张和平、张显东．平衡记分法在供应链绩效评估中的应用．物流技术，2002年第12期
20 刘小平、李洪福．供应链绩效评估策略及其指标体系．物流技术，2002年第8期
21 陈维政等．企业社会绩效评价的利益相关者模式．中国工业经济，2002年第7期
22 邵晓峰等．供应链竞争力评价指标体系研究．预测，2000年第6期
23 王渝、梁浩．供应链建模技术的研究．工业与工程管理，2001年第2期
24 徐学军．基于供应链的企业需求与供应优先级管理的探讨．物资流通研究，2000年第8期
25 沈厚才、陶春．供应链管理理论与方法．中国管理科学，2000年第1期
26 曾现洋．供应链管理的基础理论与绩效评价．河南农业大学硕士学位论文．2003年
27 张传海．供应链管理模式下的企业经营绩效评价研究．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文．2002年
28 胡英婕．基于模糊优化理论的供应链综合绩效评价与合作关系评价．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2003年
29 孙士雅．供应链管理中库存控制策略及管理绩效评价．重庆大学硕士学位论文．2002年
30 郑任．绿色供应链中合作机制及绩效评价体系研究．合肥工业大学硕士学位论文．2003年
31 彭炜儿．运用需求管理提升供应链的绩效．暨南大学硕士学位论文．2003年
32 鞠红．可拓数学方法在供应链管理中的应用研究．大连海事大学硕士学位论文．2003年
33 陈绍贵．供应链的构建与管理．广西大学硕士学位论文．2002年
34 Bower J L, Hout T M. Fast cycle capability for competitive power. Harvard Business Review, 1988(11-12)
35 Fisher L M. What is the right supply chain for your product. Harvard Business Review, 1997(3-4)
36 Gunasekaran A, Patel C Tirtroglu E. Performance measures and metrics in a supply chain environment. International Journal of Operations and Production Management Review, 2001
37 Lee H L, Billington C. Managing supply chain inventory: pitfalls and opportunities. Sloan Management Review, 1992
38 Mapes J, New C, Szwejczewski M. Performance trade-offs in manufacturing plants. International Journal of Operations and Production
Management Review, 1997
39 Maskell B H. Performance measurement for world class Manufacturing.Productivity Press, OR. 1991
40 Soumitra Dutta, Jean-Francois Manzoni. Process Re-engineering,Organizational Change and Performance Improvement. McGraw-Hill Companies Higher Education Group
41 Kaplan R S, David P Norton, The Balanced scorecard -Measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 1992(1-2)
42 Kaplan R S, David P Norton, Putting the Balanced scorecard to work. Harvard Business Review, 1993(9-10)
43 Ram Ganeshan, John E. Tyworth, Yuanming Guo. Dual Sourced Supply Chains: the Discount Supplier Option. Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 35 No.1, 1999.3
44 Yan Dong, Kefeng Xu. A Supply Chain Model of Vendor Managed Inventory·Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 38 No.2, 2002.4
45 Alexander E. Ellinger, Patricia J. Daugherty, Quentin J. Plair. Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Supply Chain: the Role of Communication Transportation Research Part E (Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 35 No.2, 1999.6
46 Anna Nagurney, June Dong, Ding Zhang. A Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model. Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 38 No.5, 2002.9
47 P. Fraser Johnson Managing Value in Reverse Logistics Systems. Transportation Research Part E(Logistics and Transportation Review), Vol 34 No.4, 1998.11
48 Ayliffe R.. Achieving World Class Supply Chains. A Practical Insight Into World Class Logistics and Supply Chain Management(Digest No: 1996/276), IEE Colloquium, 1996.10
49 Fitzpatrick J.. Combing the Forces, Rovers People, Rovers Partners. A Practical Insight Into World Class Logistics and Supply Chain Management(Digest No: 1996/276), IEE Colloquium, 1996.10
50 Clive A Rees. Impact of internal market on the organizational structure and
culture of supply chain management within the NHS. European Journal of Purchasing and supply management, vol11, No4(1994)