多媒体和网络教学环境下基础护理教学的研究
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摘要
当前，计算机多媒体教学和网络教学日益渗透到护理教育领域，为护理教学方法
的改革与发展提供了机遇，同时提出了挑战。护理教师必须具备信息素质，能运用信
息技术手段创造性地组织教学活动；护生应学会学习，具备自我获取知识和更新知识
的能力。
本课题包括两部分。第一部分：以基础护理操作技术课件为教材，研究多媒体和
网络环境下护生的学习。研究对象为护理中专和本科两个教学层次学员共79名，分别
随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组采用传统的教师讲授和操作示范方式，实验组采用
学员与课件交互学习方式，比较两组学员的理论和操作考核成绩，考察实验组学员知
识掌握程度和对课件学习的态度、学习动机等。结果：两组学员的理论和操作考核成
绩差别不显著。实验组学员学习时间缩短、学习动机提高、自主学习意识增强；本科
学员学习效果好于中专学员；但课件学习对培养护生的整体护理观念和护患沟通能力
有欠缺。结论：在护理教育中开展多媒体CAI课件教学或利用网络技术进行教学是一
种可行的方法。但在具体实施时注意不同教学对象施以不同的多媒体课件教学方式；
要加强师生间的交互和交流，发挥教师的主导作用，培养护生的整体护理观念。
第二部分：采用信访法，以问卷方式调查多媒体和网络教学环境下护理教师的信
息素质。结果：护理教师对电脑和网络资源的拥有与利用较少；对开展网络教学的技
术手段不熟练；课堂使用计算机辅助教学手段的人数较少；拥有本科和研究生教学层
次的护理院校拥有较好的师资力量和计算机网络资源，教师对网上教学的认知程度也
较高。结论：处于信息时代网络化环境下的护理教师，其信息素养不高，不能满足网
络时代信息化教育对护理教师提出的要求。要对护理教师实施信息技术培训，提高其
信息化水平和运用信息技术手段的能力。
本课题的研究，为今后护理教育手段和方法的发展提供了新的思路和模式。通过
研究提出今后要改革护理教育体系，利用现代化教育技术手段，培养护生成为未来新
型的信息化护理人才；护理教师要适应多媒体和网络教学的要求，加强信息技术培训，
成为具有良好信息意识、信息能力和信息素质的新型的护理教师。
Nowadays, computer-assisted instruction (CM) and web-based instruction (WBI)
which are extensively getting into the area of the nursing education offer the opportunity for
the reform and the development of the nursing education, as well as the challenge. Nursing
faculties must have the informational accomplishment and the ability to apply the
informational means to teach in a creative way. Nursing students should master the learning
method, possess the ability to self-obtain and self-renew the knowledge.
This study comprises two parts. FIRST PART: We use the CAl modules of basic
nursing practice as the teaching materials to research nursing students?learning. The objects
are 79 secondary school students and undergraduates. They are respectively divided into
two groups in random. Traditional instruction and demonstrating methods are used in the
control groups. In the experimental groups, students perform the interactive study with the
multimedia modules. Theory, technique tests and investigations are performed after classes.
RESULTS: The grades?differences of the theory and technique are not significant in the
experimental and control groups. The time spent by the experimental group is shorter than
the control. The students?learning motivation is enhanced. The effect of the undergraduates
is better than that of the secondary school students. But most students think that traditional
teaching helps them to obtain the conception of holistic nursing and the ability of
communication. CONCLUSIONS: It is indicated that it is feasible to develop instructions
by means of the multimedia CM modules and technology based web in nursing education.
But in the teaching with CM modules or through Internet, other factors should be
considered, for instance, students?age, different teaching objects, interaction between the
teachers and the students because they impact the instruction effect.
SECOND PART: In this part we investigate the learning behaviors and other relevant
issues of the nursing faculties under the information and Internet environment by
questionnaire to find out the nursing teachers?informational accomplishment. RESULTS:
The quantities of the computers possessed by the nursing faculties are small. Internet
resources obtained by the nursing teachers are little. Teachers are not familiar with the
methods which are used in the WBI. Few of the teachers utilize the computer-assisted
instruction in classes. It is indicated that the nursing academies which educate and cultivate
graduates and undergraduates have better teachers and more computer and web resources.
The teachers?level of cognizing the WBI is quite high. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing
faculties?informational accomplishment is lower and can抰 meet the demand of the
educational informatization. It is imperative to take a whole set of measures to train nursing
teachers to make them master the information techniques.
The study provides new thoughts and new models for the reform of the teaching
methods of the nursing education. We put forward that in the future the nursing educational
system should be reformed. The nursing faculties should utilize the modern educational
technique method and train the nursing students to be the new informatizated talents. At the
same time, to meet the demand of the CM and WBI, the nursing teachers should be trained
to be new-type teachers with higher informational accomplishment, conception and
capacity.
的改革与发展提供了机遇，同时提出了挑战。护理教师必须具备信息素质，能运用信
息技术手段创造性地组织教学活动；护生应学会学习，具备自我获取知识和更新知识
的能力。
本课题包括两部分。第一部分：以基础护理操作技术课件为教材，研究多媒体和
网络环境下护生的学习。研究对象为护理中专和本科两个教学层次学员共79名，分别
随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组采用传统的教师讲授和操作示范方式，实验组采用
学员与课件交互学习方式，比较两组学员的理论和操作考核成绩，考察实验组学员知
识掌握程度和对课件学习的态度、学习动机等。结果：两组学员的理论和操作考核成
绩差别不显著。实验组学员学习时间缩短、学习动机提高、自主学习意识增强；本科
学员学习效果好于中专学员；但课件学习对培养护生的整体护理观念和护患沟通能力
有欠缺。结论：在护理教育中开展多媒体CAI课件教学或利用网络技术进行教学是一
种可行的方法。但在具体实施时注意不同教学对象施以不同的多媒体课件教学方式；
要加强师生间的交互和交流，发挥教师的主导作用，培养护生的整体护理观念。
第二部分：采用信访法，以问卷方式调查多媒体和网络教学环境下护理教师的信
息素质。结果：护理教师对电脑和网络资源的拥有与利用较少；对开展网络教学的技
术手段不熟练；课堂使用计算机辅助教学手段的人数较少；拥有本科和研究生教学层
次的护理院校拥有较好的师资力量和计算机网络资源，教师对网上教学的认知程度也
较高。结论：处于信息时代网络化环境下的护理教师，其信息素养不高，不能满足网
络时代信息化教育对护理教师提出的要求。要对护理教师实施信息技术培训，提高其
信息化水平和运用信息技术手段的能力。
本课题的研究，为今后护理教育手段和方法的发展提供了新的思路和模式。通过
研究提出今后要改革护理教育体系，利用现代化教育技术手段，培养护生成为未来新
型的信息化护理人才；护理教师要适应多媒体和网络教学的要求，加强信息技术培训，
成为具有良好信息意识、信息能力和信息素质的新型的护理教师。
Nowadays, computer-assisted instruction (CM) and web-based instruction (WBI)
which are extensively getting into the area of the nursing education offer the opportunity for
the reform and the development of the nursing education, as well as the challenge. Nursing
faculties must have the informational accomplishment and the ability to apply the
informational means to teach in a creative way. Nursing students should master the learning
method, possess the ability to self-obtain and self-renew the knowledge.
This study comprises two parts. FIRST PART: We use the CAl modules of basic
nursing practice as the teaching materials to research nursing students?learning. The objects
are 79 secondary school students and undergraduates. They are respectively divided into
two groups in random. Traditional instruction and demonstrating methods are used in the
control groups. In the experimental groups, students perform the interactive study with the
multimedia modules. Theory, technique tests and investigations are performed after classes.
RESULTS: The grades?differences of the theory and technique are not significant in the
experimental and control groups. The time spent by the experimental group is shorter than
the control. The students?learning motivation is enhanced. The effect of the undergraduates
is better than that of the secondary school students. But most students think that traditional
teaching helps them to obtain the conception of holistic nursing and the ability of
communication. CONCLUSIONS: It is indicated that it is feasible to develop instructions
by means of the multimedia CM modules and technology based web in nursing education.
But in the teaching with CM modules or through Internet, other factors should be
considered, for instance, students?age, different teaching objects, interaction between the
teachers and the students because they impact the instruction effect.
SECOND PART: In this part we investigate the learning behaviors and other relevant
issues of the nursing faculties under the information and Internet environment by
questionnaire to find out the nursing teachers?informational accomplishment. RESULTS:
The quantities of the computers possessed by the nursing faculties are small. Internet
resources obtained by the nursing teachers are little. Teachers are not familiar with the
methods which are used in the WBI. Few of the teachers utilize the computer-assisted
instruction in classes. It is indicated that the nursing academies which educate and cultivate
graduates and undergraduates have better teachers and more computer and web resources.
The teachers?level of cognizing the WBI is quite high. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing
faculties?informational accomplishment is lower and can抰 meet the demand of the
educational informatization. It is imperative to take a whole set of measures to train nursing
teachers to make them master the information techniques.
The study provides new thoughts and new models for the reform of the teaching
methods of the nursing education. We put forward that in the future the nursing educational
system should be reformed. The nursing faculties should utilize the modern educational
technique method and train the nursing students to be the new informatizated talents. At the
same time, to meet the demand of the CM and WBI, the nursing teachers should be trained
to be new-type teachers with higher informational accomplishment, conception and
capacity.
引文
1、 De Torney,R，& Thompson，M．A． Strategies for teaching nursing．Albany,NY： Delmar．1987，P276
2、 项聪，教育信息化：迎接知识经济挑战的应答，现代教育论丛，1999，(4) ：10
3、 朱美教，美国教育信息化的发展，中国教育报，1997-10-13
4、 Neafsey-PJ，Computer-assisted instruction for home study：a new venture for continuing education programs in nursing.J-Contin-Educ-Nurs．1997；28(4) ：164-72； quiz 190-1
5、 Cho-IS；Park-HA，Development of a Web-based CAI program for maternity nursing practice．Medinfo．1998；9 Pt 2：736-9
6、 Geibert RC，Integrating Web-based instruction into a graduate nursing program taught via videoconferencing：challenges and solutions．Computers in nursing 2000，18(1) ：26-34
7、 贾瑞凤，王艳，邹劲松，中国计算机辅助教学20年，中国电化教育，2000，(8) ：1-4
8、 何青，基于WEB的多媒体网络教学在医学教育中的应用，医学信息，2001，14(2) ：66-7
9、 朱丹，陆以佳，殷磊，计算机辅助《护理学基础》教学，中华护理杂志，1995，35(8) ：480-1
1O、李芳芳等，计算机多媒体教学课件《口腔护理》的研制，中华护理杂志，2000，35(5) ：295-6
11、 钱敏之，计算机辅助教学在妇产科护理教学中的应用，护理学杂志，2000，15(4) ：252-3
12、 王建荣，龚建伟，国外远程护理教育对我们的启迪，中华护理杂志，1998，33(11) ：681-3
13、 张鸿，CAI及其教学模式探析，现代教育技术，2000，(1) ：15-18
14、 David Jonassen，Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education．The American Journal of Distance Education，1995；9(2) ：89
15、 Cohen P,Dacanay,L．A meta-analysis of computer-based instruction in nursing．Nursing Outlook．1994，32：50-3
16、 Gaston P Knowledge，retention，and attitude effects of computer-assisted instruction．Journal of Nursing Education．1988，27(1) ：30-4
17、 Belfry,M．J．，Winne，P．H．．A review of the effectiveness of computer assisted instruction in nursing education．Computers in Nursing，1988，6(2) ，77-85．
18、 Reynolds，A，Pontious，S．CAI enhances the medication dosage calculation competency of nursing students．Computers in Nursing，19864(4) ，158-65．
19、 Wright DJ．The use of multimedia computers and software in nurse education． Health Informatics．1995，1(3) ：101-7
20、 Young JR．Wave of the future of a waste：UCLA requires web page for every class．The chronicle of higher education．1997，43(47) ：A21-A
21、 兰芳苓，胡双九，现代教育技术与医学教育改革，中国高等医学教育，1999；(1) ：17-8
22、 Madorin S．The effects of computer-assisted instruction on the self-efficacy of Baccalaureate nursing students．Journal of nursing education．1999，38(6) ：282-5
23、 Chapman DM，Making medical school fun while keeping pace with science and technology．Pharos．1984；47(1) ：11-4
24、 徐红，非智力因素在注册视听生教育中的作用及培养，现代远距离教学，2000，(3) ：34-5
25、 Kipp DE，Developing interactive computerized modules accessible on the world wide web for medical students．Top Clin Nutr．1997；12(2) ：38-44
26、 李鸣，金魁和主编，医学心理学，沈阳，辽宁科技出版社，1987，P73
27、 曹卫真，试论网络教学过程的延伸，中国远程教育，2000，(3) ：16-9
28、 沈建新，韩太真等，高校教师如何在多媒体教学中有效地发挥作用，中国医学教育技术，1999，13(4) ：199
29、 Bachman JA，Panzarin S，Enable student nurses to use the information superhighway．Journal of Nursing education．1998，37(4) ：155-61
30、 Halstead JA，Implementing web-based instruction in a school of nursing：implications for faculty and students．Journal of professional nursing．2000，16(5) ：273-81
31、 Phillips GM．Santoro GM．Teaching group discussion via computer-mediated communication．Communication Education．1989，38(2) ：151-61
32、 施文济，当前推广CAI中值得思考的几个问题，现代教育技术，2000，(5) ：22
33、 柯速约，关于“现代教育技术”的思考，现代远距高教学，2000，(3) ：44-6
34、 德斯蒙德·基更著，丁新等译，远距离教育基础，中央广播电视大学出版社，1996，P252
35、 Roselund C．The development of online courses for undergraduate nursing education：a faculty perspective．Nursing and health care perspectives．1999，20：194-98
36、 段崇江，现代远程教育技术环境的设计，现代教育技术，2000，(3) ：41-6
37、 Sullivan EJ．A changing higher education environment．Journal of Professional nursing．1997，13(1) ：143-8
38、 Alpay L，Murray P,Challenges for delivering healthcare education through telematics．Int J Med Inf．1998，50(1-3) ：267-71
39、 何克抗，多媒体教育的基本特征，医学视听教育，1998，12(1) ：11
40、 Thiele JE，Allen C，et al．Effects of web-based instruction on learning behaviors of undergraduate and graduate students．Nursing and health care．1999，20(4) ：199-203
41、 Tagg PI，Arreola RA,Earning a master’s of science in nursing through distance education．Journal of Professional Nursing．1996；12(3) ：154-8
42、 Pogue，R．E．(1988) ．Computers in nursing education：Where is the educational erspective-Computers in Nursing，6(3) ，94-6．
43、 马佳宏，教育信息化与新型教师的培养，教育理论与实践，2001，21(1) ：19． 21
2、 项聪，教育信息化：迎接知识经济挑战的应答，现代教育论丛，1999，(4) ：10
3、 朱美教，美国教育信息化的发展，中国教育报，1997-10-13
4、 Neafsey-PJ，Computer-assisted instruction for home study：a new venture for continuing education programs in nursing.J-Contin-Educ-Nurs．1997；28(4) ：164-72； quiz 190-1
5、 Cho-IS；Park-HA，Development of a Web-based CAI program for maternity nursing practice．Medinfo．1998；9 Pt 2：736-9
6、 Geibert RC，Integrating Web-based instruction into a graduate nursing program taught via videoconferencing：challenges and solutions．Computers in nursing 2000，18(1) ：26-34
7、 贾瑞凤，王艳，邹劲松，中国计算机辅助教学20年，中国电化教育，2000，(8) ：1-4
8、 何青，基于WEB的多媒体网络教学在医学教育中的应用，医学信息，2001，14(2) ：66-7
9、 朱丹，陆以佳，殷磊，计算机辅助《护理学基础》教学，中华护理杂志，1995，35(8) ：480-1
1O、李芳芳等，计算机多媒体教学课件《口腔护理》的研制，中华护理杂志，2000，35(5) ：295-6
11、 钱敏之，计算机辅助教学在妇产科护理教学中的应用，护理学杂志，2000，15(4) ：252-3
12、 王建荣，龚建伟，国外远程护理教育对我们的启迪，中华护理杂志，1998，33(11) ：681-3
13、 张鸿，CAI及其教学模式探析，现代教育技术，2000，(1) ：15-18
14、 David Jonassen，Constructivism and computer-mediated communication in distance education．The American Journal of Distance Education，1995；9(2) ：89
15、 Cohen P,Dacanay,L．A meta-analysis of computer-based instruction in nursing．Nursing Outlook．1994，32：50-3
16、 Gaston P Knowledge，retention，and attitude effects of computer-assisted instruction．Journal of Nursing Education．1988，27(1) ：30-4
17、 Belfry,M．J．，Winne，P．H．．A review of the effectiveness of computer assisted instruction in nursing education．Computers in Nursing，1988，6(2) ，77-85．
18、 Reynolds，A，Pontious，S．CAI enhances the medication dosage calculation competency of nursing students．Computers in Nursing，19864(4) ，158-65．
19、 Wright DJ．The use of multimedia computers and software in nurse education． Health Informatics．1995，1(3) ：101-7
20、 Young JR．Wave of the future of a waste：UCLA requires web page for every class．The chronicle of higher education．1997，43(47) ：A21-A
21、 兰芳苓，胡双九，现代教育技术与医学教育改革，中国高等医学教育，1999；(1) ：17-8
22、 Madorin S．The effects of computer-assisted instruction on the self-efficacy of Baccalaureate nursing students．Journal of nursing education．1999，38(6) ：282-5
23、 Chapman DM，Making medical school fun while keeping pace with science and technology．Pharos．1984；47(1) ：11-4
24、 徐红，非智力因素在注册视听生教育中的作用及培养，现代远距离教学，2000，(3) ：34-5
25、 Kipp DE，Developing interactive computerized modules accessible on the world wide web for medical students．Top Clin Nutr．1997；12(2) ：38-44
26、 李鸣，金魁和主编，医学心理学，沈阳，辽宁科技出版社，1987，P73
27、 曹卫真，试论网络教学过程的延伸，中国远程教育，2000，(3) ：16-9
28、 沈建新，韩太真等，高校教师如何在多媒体教学中有效地发挥作用，中国医学教育技术，1999，13(4) ：199
29、 Bachman JA，Panzarin S，Enable student nurses to use the information superhighway．Journal of Nursing education．1998，37(4) ：155-61
30、 Halstead JA，Implementing web-based instruction in a school of nursing：implications for faculty and students．Journal of professional nursing．2000，16(5) ：273-81
31、 Phillips GM．Santoro GM．Teaching group discussion via computer-mediated communication．Communication Education．1989，38(2) ：151-61
32、 施文济，当前推广CAI中值得思考的几个问题，现代教育技术，2000，(5) ：22
33、 柯速约，关于“现代教育技术”的思考，现代远距高教学，2000，(3) ：44-6
34、 德斯蒙德·基更著，丁新等译，远距离教育基础，中央广播电视大学出版社，1996，P252
35、 Roselund C．The development of online courses for undergraduate nursing education：a faculty perspective．Nursing and health care perspectives．1999，20：194-98
36、 段崇江，现代远程教育技术环境的设计，现代教育技术，2000，(3) ：41-6
37、 Sullivan EJ．A changing higher education environment．Journal of Professional nursing．1997，13(1) ：143-8
38、 Alpay L，Murray P,Challenges for delivering healthcare education through telematics．Int J Med Inf．1998，50(1-3) ：267-71
39、 何克抗，多媒体教育的基本特征，医学视听教育，1998，12(1) ：11
40、 Thiele JE，Allen C，et al．Effects of web-based instruction on learning behaviors of undergraduate and graduate students．Nursing and health care．1999，20(4) ：199-203
41、 Tagg PI，Arreola RA,Earning a master’s of science in nursing through distance education．Journal of Professional Nursing．1996；12(3) ：154-8
42、 Pogue，R．E．(1988) ．Computers in nursing education：Where is the educational erspective-Computers in Nursing，6(3) ，94-6．
43、 马佳宏，教育信息化与新型教师的培养，教育理论与实践，2001，21(1) ：19． 21