数字信息化实验系统在高中物理实验中的探究性应用
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摘要
基础教育课程改革纲要提出:要大力推进信息技术在教学过程中的普遍应用,促进信息技术与学科课程的整合,逐步实现教学内容的呈现方式、学生的学习方式、教师的教学方式和师生互动方式的变革,充分发挥信息技术的优势,为学生的学习和发展提供丰富多彩的教育环境和有力的学习工具。普通高中的课程改革在2008年秋季将在全国范围内全面实施,新课程改革倡导将信息技术贯穿于整个教学过程,培养学生终身学习的能力。在人教版的教材、粤教版的教材以及其它几个版本的物理教材中都充分体现了这一点。上述教材中几乎都大量引入了信息化和传感器技术。如何应对这一变化,对中学师生都是一个巨大的考验。对于高中物理课程而言,对信息化的程度的要求更高,主要表现在,高中物理教材中大量采用了数字信息化实验,无论实验的设计、过程的实施,还是数据的处理都大量的采用了信息化的手段。
基于理论和实践的需要,本文主要从以下几个方面来进行阐述:
第一部分阐明新课改对高中物理实验教学的新要求,说明了探究性学习在高中物理实验教学中的重要意义;
第二部分是学习理论基础,包括认知主义理论、建构主义学习理论和人本主义理论;
第三部分介绍了数字信息化实验系统的主要组成部分及数字信息化实验系统在高中物理教学中的探究性应的原则;
第四部分通过具体的案例详细的说明了在信息化实验系统的环境下如何进行探究性实验的,并且通过具体的案例展示了进行探究的途径。这是本文的重点部分。
The basic education curriculum reform outline proposed that we should vigorously promote information technology universally application in teaching and learning process, promoting the integration of information technology into subject curriculum, and gradually realize the transform on the manner of lecture presenting, studying manner, and teaching manner, and interacting between students and teachers shall be achieved, giving full play to the advantages of information technology, a dynamic environment and helpful way for study and development should be provided to students. High school curriculum reform will be fully implemented across the country in the autumn of 2008, information technology is advocated throughout the process of teaching and learning in the new curriculum reform, the lifelong study ability shall be developed. This change has been fully reflected in new versions textbook both in People Education Press and in Guangdong Education Press. Large amount of digital information experiments and sensor technology are introduced in these new textbooks, which constitute a challenge to both teachers and students in middle school. How to deal with the change is a great challenge to both teachers and students in middle school. As the demands of high school physics courses concerned about the informatization is higher; large amount of digital information experiments are included, from experiment design, to experiment process, and to data processing, informatizational methods are widely used.
Basic on the requirement of theory and practice, this thesis tries to explain in the following ways:
The first chapter illustrates the new requirements presented by new curriculum reform to the teaching of physics experiment in high school and makes out the importance of exploring learning in physics experiment teaching;
The second chapter provides the theoretical basis including cognitivism, constructivism, human-based learning theory;
The third chapter gives the main components of digital information system experiment and the principle of digital information system experiment exploring practise in senior high school physics experiment;
The fourth chapter is the focus of this thesis. Through case study, it points out how to do exploring experiments under the condition of digital information system experiment, and through material case to show the way of exploring.
基于理论和实践的需要,本文主要从以下几个方面来进行阐述:
第一部分阐明新课改对高中物理实验教学的新要求,说明了探究性学习在高中物理实验教学中的重要意义;
第二部分是学习理论基础,包括认知主义理论、建构主义学习理论和人本主义理论;
第三部分介绍了数字信息化实验系统的主要组成部分及数字信息化实验系统在高中物理教学中的探究性应的原则;
第四部分通过具体的案例详细的说明了在信息化实验系统的环境下如何进行探究性实验的,并且通过具体的案例展示了进行探究的途径。这是本文的重点部分。
The basic education curriculum reform outline proposed that we should vigorously promote information technology universally application in teaching and learning process, promoting the integration of information technology into subject curriculum, and gradually realize the transform on the manner of lecture presenting, studying manner, and teaching manner, and interacting between students and teachers shall be achieved, giving full play to the advantages of information technology, a dynamic environment and helpful way for study and development should be provided to students. High school curriculum reform will be fully implemented across the country in the autumn of 2008, information technology is advocated throughout the process of teaching and learning in the new curriculum reform, the lifelong study ability shall be developed. This change has been fully reflected in new versions textbook both in People Education Press and in Guangdong Education Press. Large amount of digital information experiments and sensor technology are introduced in these new textbooks, which constitute a challenge to both teachers and students in middle school. How to deal with the change is a great challenge to both teachers and students in middle school. As the demands of high school physics courses concerned about the informatization is higher; large amount of digital information experiments are included, from experiment design, to experiment process, and to data processing, informatizational methods are widely used.
Basic on the requirement of theory and practice, this thesis tries to explain in the following ways:
The first chapter illustrates the new requirements presented by new curriculum reform to the teaching of physics experiment in high school and makes out the importance of exploring learning in physics experiment teaching;
The second chapter provides the theoretical basis including cognitivism, constructivism, human-based learning theory;
The third chapter gives the main components of digital information system experiment and the principle of digital information system experiment exploring practise in senior high school physics experiment;
The fourth chapter is the focus of this thesis. Through case study, it points out how to do exploring experiments under the condition of digital information system experiment, and through material case to show the way of exploring.
引文
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2.中华人民共和国教育部制订.普通高中物理课程标准[M].北京:人民教育出版社.2003年
3.郑渊方 廖伯琴.探究式教学的模型建构探讨[J].学科教育 2001.5
4.刘莹.探究性学习教学示例[M].物理.杭州:杭州教育出版社.2004
5.陈宜强.理科新课程标准和数字化实验技术.中国教育技术装备.2005.10
6.胡礼合主编.现代教育技术学[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社.2003.7
7.阎金铎,田世坤主编.中学物理教学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2003.12
8.陶宏著.物理实验论[M].南宁:广西教育出版社.1996.12
9.乔际平等著.物理学科教学论[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社.2001.1
10.唐一鸣著.物理教学艺术论[M].南宁:广西教育出版社.2002.10
11.靳玉乐主编.探究教学论[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社.2001.7
12.季芳,程继武主编.中学学科教学中的研究性学习案例专题研究[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社 2005.5
13.王厥轩主编.初中探究型课程案例100例[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社2004.5
14.胡炳元主编.物理课程与教学论[M].浙江教育出版社.2003.9
15.王吉庆主编.信息技术课程与教学论[M].浙江教育出版社.2003.8
16.雷体南编著.现代教育技术教程[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社.2001.9
17.施良方.教学论[M].北京:人民教育出版社.2006.9
18.袁振国主编.当代教育学[M].教育科学出版社.1999.8
19.梁树森著.物理学习论[M].广西教育出版社.1996
20.黄甫全,王本陆主编.现代教学论学程[M].北京:教育科学出版社.2003.9
21.赖莉飞,王笑君.从普通高中《物理新课程标准》谈数据采集器[J].物理教学探讨.2003.12
22.朗威数字化信息系统实验室V5.0-DISLab用户手册第二次修订版
23.魏慧军.基于DIS的上海高中物理实验教学实践研究[J].冯容士主编 《上海DIS论文集》 2005
24.人民教育出版社物理室编著.全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)第一册[M]. 人民教育出版社 2003.6
25.人民教育出版社物理室编著.全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)第二册[M].人民教育出版社 2003.6
26.人民教育出版社物理室编著.全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)第三册[M].人民教育出版社 2003.6
27.王道俊,王汉澜.教育学[M].北京:人民教育出版社.1989.12
28 冯容士.工具的变迁,课改的理念--DISLab综述-DISLab的研究与开发(01)[J].浦东教育发展研究院--浦东物理教学网
29.赖利飞,王笑君.从普通高中《物理新课程标准》谈数据采集器[J].物理教学探讨.2003.12
30.景培书,舒信隆.进一步认识并挖掘DIS的物理教学功能[J].物理教学探讨2006.2
31.张雄等编著.物理实验设计与研究[M].科学出版社 2001.6
32.刘海华.利用Dislab改进高中物理实验教学.中小学电教.2005.2
33.冯容士.DISlab与电磁学实验教学[J].浦东教育发展研究院--浦东物理教学网
34.沈军.浅谈使用DISlab进行新教材摩擦力的实验[J].物理教师.2007.1
35 冯容士.DISlab与力学实验教学[J].浦东教育发展研究院--浦东物理教学网
36.刘炳升主编.科技活动创造教育原理与设计[M].南京师范大学出版社.1999.4
37.蔡晓明.机械能守恒定律验证实验的突破[J].物理教师,2007,6.
38.赵凯华,罗蔚茵.新概念物理教程:力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995.
39.潘武明.力学--计算机辅助教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
40.S.C.Zilio.Measurement and analysis of large-angle pendulum motion[J].Am.J.Phys.,No.5,May 1992.
41.L.P.Fuleher and B.F.Davis.Theoretical and experimental study of the motion of the simple pendulum[J].Am.J.Phys.,44,51-55(1976).
42.许红,王建中.利用声音传感器测量重力加速度[J].物理实验.2008.2
43.赖利飞,王笑君.数据采集器运用于物理探究性学习的探讨[J].物理实验.2003.7
44.J.A.White,A.Medina,F.L.Román,and S.Velasco.A Measurement of g Listening to Falling Balls[J].The Physics Teacher.March 2007