基于虚拟式心电图仪的心电图数据信息管理系统
|
摘要
近年来，电子信息技术和生物医学技术一直被列为高科技之首，二者的有机结合将有力地促进医学及医学信息研究与发展。心电图数据信息管理系统是庞大医学信息库的一个重要组成部分，它在特定的领域发挥着重要作用。随着现代高科技的进步和计算机技术的飞跃发展，心电信息的采集、数字处理、测量、存储、检索、网络传输等技术问题和标准化问题已基本解决，开发临床心电图数据信息管理系统乃至心电图数据库已成为近年来国际国内医学信息及心电学研究的主要方向之一。
本文首先概述开发临床心电图数据信息管理系统的实用意义及其在医学研究、临床医疗、教学上的重要作用和目前该领域国际国内现状，简要描述了心血管疾病科常用的数据信息，它具有与其它系统（如心电图记录分析系统、超声心动图像系统等）集成的特点，本文即利用这一特点开发出用于虚拟式心电图仪中的心电图数据信息管理系统，为个人（医生、护士、病员）、临床部门、各级医疗保健机构乃至商业活动提供丰富的临床医学信息资源。接着介绍了一种先进的仪器设计制造技术——虚拟仪器技术以及在此基础上形成的虚拟式仪器，文章对虚拟仪器的概念、产生和发展、系统结构、特点做了较详细的介绍并与传统硬件化仪器作了对比，突出了虚拟式仪器的优越性。同时还简要介绍了将虚拟仪器技术应用于生物医学仪器而形成的新型的、更精确的测试分析仪——虚拟式心电图仪的主要功能及仪器系统组成。文章重点介绍作者开发的用于该心电图仪中的心电图数据信息管理系统的功能组成、程序模块以及开发过程。
在本文中，作者运用面向对象（OOP）的软件设计方法，通过对数据库模块、病员信息（包括病员基本信息、病员病史及症状等临床信息、心电图信息、诊断结果信息）采集编辑模块、综合查询模块、统计和打印模块以及辅助功能模块的设计，实现对心血管病患者的心电图及其临床病理资料的采集、组织、存储、综合查询、统计打印。文章最后讨论了将心血管病患者的心电图数据信息及其临床病理资料系统进一步扩展为心电图数据库,并借助现代网络传输手段将其送至心电信息高速公路的进一步开发目标。
These years,electron-information technology and biomedicine have been regarded as the primacy of high-tech.Their combin organically will effectively promote the research on the medicine and medicinal information.The ECG data and information manage system is an important constitute part of a great deal of medicinal information storeroom. It is exerting important action on Specifically field.With the advancement of modern high-tech and flight development of computer technique,the technical problem and standardization problem to collection , digital transaction, measurement，memory , searches , network transmit of ECG information have almost been resolved， To establish data and information system of cardiovascular disease or ECG database has become one of central study aspect of medicinal information and Electrocadiographic Informatics in and out of national.
The practicality significance, the function of clinical ECG data- information management system in scientific research ,clinical medical treatment and medicine teaching ,international actuality in this field are summarized firstly in this paper.Then the all data-information in common use at cardiopathy was concisely described.They have the characteristic of integrated in others systems ,such as electrocardiograph .This paper utilize this characteristic and development an ECG data-information management system using in virtual ECG analyzer.It will provide rich and multiform clinical information resource for individual include doc.,nurse,patient , clinical department, medical treatment and health protection in all levels,so much as in business.Secondly,an advanced instrument manufacture technology——virtual instrument technology and Virtual Instrument baseon it were intrduced.The auther of the paper detailedly introduced the idea,development,progress, systemic structure,specialties of VI , compared it with traditional hardware-instrument and standed out superiorities of VI. At the same time,the author briefly introduced the Virtual ECG Analyzer that formed using VI technonage to medical instrument.The ECG data-information management system's composing, program's module and precess of development used in virtual electrocardiograph were introduced in detail.
In this paper,The author used the software design approach ——OOP,through designing the database module,patients'information include basal information of patient,clinical information such as symptom and course of diseases,ECG, diagnostic
result information collection and edit module, synthetical query module, Static and print module and assistant function module, and realized heart disease people's ECG and clinical information collection, organize,saving, synthetical querying, Static and printing. At the last of the paper the author discussed the farther develope conceive that enlarge the ECG data-information management system as a ECG database and send it to the Infobahn in virtue of modern network transmission means.
本文首先概述开发临床心电图数据信息管理系统的实用意义及其在医学研究、临床医疗、教学上的重要作用和目前该领域国际国内现状，简要描述了心血管疾病科常用的数据信息，它具有与其它系统（如心电图记录分析系统、超声心动图像系统等）集成的特点，本文即利用这一特点开发出用于虚拟式心电图仪中的心电图数据信息管理系统，为个人（医生、护士、病员）、临床部门、各级医疗保健机构乃至商业活动提供丰富的临床医学信息资源。接着介绍了一种先进的仪器设计制造技术——虚拟仪器技术以及在此基础上形成的虚拟式仪器，文章对虚拟仪器的概念、产生和发展、系统结构、特点做了较详细的介绍并与传统硬件化仪器作了对比，突出了虚拟式仪器的优越性。同时还简要介绍了将虚拟仪器技术应用于生物医学仪器而形成的新型的、更精确的测试分析仪——虚拟式心电图仪的主要功能及仪器系统组成。文章重点介绍作者开发的用于该心电图仪中的心电图数据信息管理系统的功能组成、程序模块以及开发过程。
在本文中，作者运用面向对象（OOP）的软件设计方法，通过对数据库模块、病员信息（包括病员基本信息、病员病史及症状等临床信息、心电图信息、诊断结果信息）采集编辑模块、综合查询模块、统计和打印模块以及辅助功能模块的设计，实现对心血管病患者的心电图及其临床病理资料的采集、组织、存储、综合查询、统计打印。文章最后讨论了将心血管病患者的心电图数据信息及其临床病理资料系统进一步扩展为心电图数据库,并借助现代网络传输手段将其送至心电信息高速公路的进一步开发目标。
These years,electron-information technology and biomedicine have been regarded as the primacy of high-tech.Their combin organically will effectively promote the research on the medicine and medicinal information.The ECG data and information manage system is an important constitute part of a great deal of medicinal information storeroom. It is exerting important action on Specifically field.With the advancement of modern high-tech and flight development of computer technique,the technical problem and standardization problem to collection , digital transaction, measurement，memory , searches , network transmit of ECG information have almost been resolved， To establish data and information system of cardiovascular disease or ECG database has become one of central study aspect of medicinal information and Electrocadiographic Informatics in and out of national.
The practicality significance, the function of clinical ECG data- information management system in scientific research ,clinical medical treatment and medicine teaching ,international actuality in this field are summarized firstly in this paper.Then the all data-information in common use at cardiopathy was concisely described.They have the characteristic of integrated in others systems ,such as electrocardiograph .This paper utilize this characteristic and development an ECG data-information management system using in virtual ECG analyzer.It will provide rich and multiform clinical information resource for individual include doc.,nurse,patient , clinical department, medical treatment and health protection in all levels,so much as in business.Secondly,an advanced instrument manufacture technology——virtual instrument technology and Virtual Instrument baseon it were intrduced.The auther of the paper detailedly introduced the idea,development,progress, systemic structure,specialties of VI , compared it with traditional hardware-instrument and standed out superiorities of VI. At the same time,the author briefly introduced the Virtual ECG Analyzer that formed using VI technonage to medical instrument.The ECG data-information management system's composing, program's module and precess of development used in virtual electrocardiograph were introduced in detail.
In this paper,The author used the software design approach ——OOP,through designing the database module,patients'information include basal information of patient,clinical information such as symptom and course of diseases,ECG, diagnostic
result information collection and edit module, synthetical query module, Static and print module and assistant function module, and realized heart disease people's ECG and clinical information collection, organize,saving, synthetical querying, Static and printing. At the last of the paper the author discussed the farther develope conceive that enlarge the ECG data-information management system as a ECG database and send it to the Infobahn in virtue of modern network transmission means.
引文
[1] 任懋榆,王建民. 临床医学信息学[M]. 北京:军事医学科学出版社,2002.Eugene Braunwald.
[2] 郭子恒. 医院管理学(三版). 北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.
[3] Moody J. Nomadic clinical information systems[J]. 15th International conference on computers and their applications,May 29-31,2000.COMPUTERS AND THEIR APPLICATION, 20-23,2000.
[4] 吴杰,李国侠.循证医学的一种研究模式:心电图数据库[J].世界医疗仪器:2001年7月.
[5] Mori AR,Consorti F,Ricci FL. Sharing clinical information Principles and task-solutions[J].4th European working conference on Electronic Health Records,2001.ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS AND COMMUNICATION FOR BETTER HEALTH CARE , PROCEEDINGS, 102-114,2002.
[6] Koth H,Friesdorf W. Identification and modeling of software agents in clinical information systems[J].Conference on Man-Machine-Communication/Design,Jun 11-12,2002.
[7] 陈灏珠译. 心脏病学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社，2001.
[8] Koo T,Hwang LJ,Lin YH,etc. Computer analysis of electron cardiograms from ECG paper recordings[J].Proceedings of 23rd Annual Internation conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society.Vol(1-4),Building new bridges at the frontiersof engineering and medicine,3232-3234:2001.
[9] 张开滋,刘海洋. 心电信息学. 北京: 科学技术文献出版社,1998.
[10] Cimino James J.,Patel vimla L.etc. The clinical information system(pat CIS):Technical solutions for and experience with giving patiens access to their electronic medical records[J].International Journal of Medical Informatics.V68,(1-3),Dec18,2002:113-127.
[11] Hudson DL,Cohen ME. Building clinical information systems using evidence-based medicine[J]. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING, 86-89, 2000.
[12] 李经纬,程之范. 中国医学百科全书.医学史. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[13] (荷兰)J.H.Van Bemmel,(美)M.A.Mucen.包含飞等译. 医学信息学.上海:上海科技出版社,2002.
[14] 徐一新等. Internet新进展与医学信息应用.上海:复旦大学出版社:2002.
[15] Grasso Michael A. Structured speech input for clinical data collection[J].Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on computer Based Medical systems. Jun 4-7,2002:199-204.
[16] Cheung NT,Fong V,Chow YY,etc. Structured data entry of clinical information for
documentation and data collection[J].Proceedings of the 10th world congresson Medical informatics,PTS1and 2,609-613,2001.
[17] Cucina RJ,ShahMK,Berrios DC,etc. Empirical formulation of a generic query set for clinical information retrieval systems[J].MEDINFO 2001:Proceedings of the 10th world congress on Medical Informatics,PTS 1and2,181-185,2001.
[18] 刘德新.充血性心力衰竭临床资料数据库的建立及应用. 中华医院管理杂志,2000;16(3):182-183.
[19] Fontenla-Romero,O.;Alonso-Betanzos A. etc. Adaptive Pattern recorgnition in the analysis of cardiocographic records[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks v12(5),2001.9:1188-1195.
[20] Cheung.N.I.,Fung.K.W,etc. Medical informatics-The state of the art in the Hospital Authority[J].International Journal of Medical Informatics.vol6(2-3):113-119
[21] Siegel,E.L.;Reiner,B.I. Clinical challenges associated wih incorporation of non-radiology images into the electronic medical record[J]. Proceedings of SPIE——The International Society for Optical Engineering.vol4323,Feb 20-22,2001.
[22] 从体表电位分布图中提取陈旧性心肌梗塞诊断信息的`研究。生物物理学报，1998；14（2）189---294。
[23] Prins H,Cornet R,Van den Bery FM,etc. Soft ware Engineering in Medical Informatics:the academic hospital as learning environment[J].17th International conference of the Eurorean——Fedreration-of-Medical-Informatics.AUG 25-29,2002.HEALTH DATA IN INFORMATION SOCIETY,627-631,2002.
[24] Trautmaann L,Scherer A,Geib D,etc. Clinical workplace system as a central component of a clinical information system[J].Medical information for Europe proceedings,936-940,2000.
[25] Borst F,Breant C,Campi D,etc.The bridge between administeative and clinical information system[J].MEDICAL INFORMATICS EUROPE'99,185-190,1999.
[26] Schweiger R,Burkle T,Kohn F,etc.How to structure clinical information:A practical example[J].15th Medical Informatics Europe Conference:MEDICAL INFORMATICS EUROPE'99,20-24,1999.
[27] 陈国青等. 信息系统的组织﹒管理﹒建模.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[28] 薛华成. 管理信息系统. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[29] 斯蒂芬.哈格等主编,严建援等译.信息时代的管理信息系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[30] (美)Ralph M.Stair,George W.Reynolds.张靖等译.信息系统原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[31] Patrick O'Neil,Elizabeth O'Neil著,周傲英译. 数据库原理、编程与性能(2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[32] 生物数据库生成系统。生物医学工程，1995；14（1）：1----6.
[33] 罗晓沛. 数据库技术(高级). 北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[34] Cary Prague Michael Irwin著,苏帅华等译,Access 2002宝典(中文版).北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[35] RUAN K.STEPHENS,ROANALD R.PLEW. 数据库设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2001.
[36] 张基温. 信息系统开发案例(第三辑). 北京: 清华大学出版社,2002.
[37] 柏林.基于虚拟仪器的预测维修系统的研究与开发[硕士论文].重庆:重庆大学测试中心,2001.
[38] Josk Adam,Rak Remingiusz.Virtual instrument for recording and wavelet based analysis of ECG signals[J].Conference Record-IEEE Instrumentation and of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.V2,May 21-23:1509-1512.
[39] 夏运庆. Visual C++6.0数据库高级编程[M]. 北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.
[40] Lyn Robison ,黄惠菊译. 轻松掌握VC++6.0对数据库编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[41] 何敏,沈敏,周家驹.中药数据库的设计与建立[J].计算机与应用化学,vol.16(5):363~364.
[42] 程义民,罗瑞江等.动态超声心动图像数据库系统设计[J].中国科技大学学报.vol.29(5):608~615.
[43] 秦树人,汤宝平.面向21世纪的绿色仪器系统.中国机械工程,2000,vol.11(3)275~278.
[44] 秦树人.虚拟仪器及其最新发展.振动、测试与诊断.2000,vol.20(增刊):123~129
[45] QIN SHUREN,CHEN ZHIKUI,XUMINGTAO.Research of wavelet transform instrment system for signal analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2000,13(2):114~120.
[46] Shuren Qin.Integrated Testing Technology and Virtual Instrument.Proceedings of 1st ISIST,1999,Sept.:66-71
[47] 秦树人.虚拟仪器——测试仪器从硬件到软件. 振动、测试与诊断.2000,vol.20(1):1~6.
[48] 秦树人,张思复,汤宝平,等. 集成测试技术与虚拟式仪器[J].中国机械工程,1999,10 (1)：77-80.
[49] 贾功贤,刘成康等.基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势.电子技术应用.1999.12:4~7.
[50] Holcik J,Hanak J,Hruby R,etc. Database of equine ECG signals[J]. Proceedings of the international federation for medical & biological engineering,PTS 1 AND 2.885-888,2001.
[51] 周泓,汪乐宇,陈祥献.虚拟仪器系统软件结构的设计.计算机自动测量与控制[J],200,8(1):21~24
[52] 鲍芳,冯燕.基于PCI/PXI/VXI总线的虚拟仪器测试系统.工业仪表与自动化装置[J], 2000,3:17~19.
[53] 林正盛.虚拟仪器技术及应用.电子技术应用.1997,3:24~27.
[54] 康博创作室编著.Visual C++6.0程序设计自学教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[55] 朱洪峻. 心电信号深层识别机理的研究与虚拟式心电图仪的研制[博士论文].重庆:重庆大
学测试中心,2002
[56] Matsumoto Tsutomu,Ueda Yuki etc. A software system for giving clues of medical diagnosis to clinician[J]. Procceedings of the IEEE sympsium on computer-Based Medical System.Jun 4-7,2002:65-70.
[57] Bjarne Stroustrup著,裘宗燕译. C++程序设计语言(特别版).2002.
[58] 王超龙,陈志华. Visual C++6.0入门与提高[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[58] James P.Cohoon,Jack W.Davidson.刘瑞挺等译. C++程序设计(第三版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[59] 陈维新,林小茶. C++面向对象程序设计[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[60] K.David White等著,王建华等译. MFC Visual C++6编程技术内幕[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[61] 李寿兵,张佑生.ADO数据存取技术[J].微型电脑应用,2000,16(6):48~52.
[62] 成功,杨佃福.VC中几种数据库访问技术的比较与选择[J].计算机应用与研究.2002,02:82~84.
[63] 陈建春.Visual C++高级编程技术——开发实例剖析.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[64] (美) Kate Gregory 著,前导工作室译.Visual C++开发使用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[65] (美)Robert D.Thompson 著.前导工作室译.MFC开发人员参考手册[M].1998.
[66] (美)Brian Overland 著,董梁,李君成等译.C++语言命令详解[M](二版).2000.
[67] Zywietz C,Fischer R.Standard Communication of electrocardiograms(SCP-ECG)[J]. MEDICON 2001:.Proceedings of the international federation for medical & biological engineering. PTS 1AND 2,222-224,2001.
[68] Nambu M.,Nakajima K.Etc. WWW based ECG tranfor home care using JAVA Script[J]. Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology-Proceedings.V3,oct 23-26,2002:1891-1892.
[69] Garcia J,Martinez I,Sornmo L,etc. Remote ECG-based diagnosis support via web[J].5th World Multiconference on SCI,2001/7th International Conference on Information Systems Anadysis and Synthesis(ISAS 2002),JUL 22-25,2001.
[2] 郭子恒. 医院管理学(三版). 北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.
[3] Moody J. Nomadic clinical information systems[J]. 15th International conference on computers and their applications,May 29-31,2000.COMPUTERS AND THEIR APPLICATION, 20-23,2000.
[4] 吴杰,李国侠.循证医学的一种研究模式:心电图数据库[J].世界医疗仪器:2001年7月.
[5] Mori AR,Consorti F,Ricci FL. Sharing clinical information Principles and task-solutions[J].4th European working conference on Electronic Health Records,2001.ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS AND COMMUNICATION FOR BETTER HEALTH CARE , PROCEEDINGS, 102-114,2002.
[6] Koth H,Friesdorf W. Identification and modeling of software agents in clinical information systems[J].Conference on Man-Machine-Communication/Design,Jun 11-12,2002.
[7] 陈灏珠译. 心脏病学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社，2001.
[8] Koo T,Hwang LJ,Lin YH,etc. Computer analysis of electron cardiograms from ECG paper recordings[J].Proceedings of 23rd Annual Internation conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society.Vol(1-4),Building new bridges at the frontiersof engineering and medicine,3232-3234:2001.
[9] 张开滋,刘海洋. 心电信息学. 北京: 科学技术文献出版社,1998.
[10] Cimino James J.,Patel vimla L.etc. The clinical information system(pat CIS):Technical solutions for and experience with giving patiens access to their electronic medical records[J].International Journal of Medical Informatics.V68,(1-3),Dec18,2002:113-127.
[11] Hudson DL,Cohen ME. Building clinical information systems using evidence-based medicine[J]. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING, 86-89, 2000.
[12] 李经纬,程之范. 中国医学百科全书.医学史. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,1987.
[13] (荷兰)J.H.Van Bemmel,(美)M.A.Mucen.包含飞等译. 医学信息学.上海:上海科技出版社,2002.
[14] 徐一新等. Internet新进展与医学信息应用.上海:复旦大学出版社:2002.
[15] Grasso Michael A. Structured speech input for clinical data collection[J].Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on computer Based Medical systems. Jun 4-7,2002:199-204.
[16] Cheung NT,Fong V,Chow YY,etc. Structured data entry of clinical information for
documentation and data collection[J].Proceedings of the 10th world congresson Medical informatics,PTS1and 2,609-613,2001.
[17] Cucina RJ,ShahMK,Berrios DC,etc. Empirical formulation of a generic query set for clinical information retrieval systems[J].MEDINFO 2001:Proceedings of the 10th world congress on Medical Informatics,PTS 1and2,181-185,2001.
[18] 刘德新.充血性心力衰竭临床资料数据库的建立及应用. 中华医院管理杂志,2000;16(3):182-183.
[19] Fontenla-Romero,O.;Alonso-Betanzos A. etc. Adaptive Pattern recorgnition in the analysis of cardiocographic records[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks v12(5),2001.9:1188-1195.
[20] Cheung.N.I.,Fung.K.W,etc. Medical informatics-The state of the art in the Hospital Authority[J].International Journal of Medical Informatics.vol6(2-3):113-119
[21] Siegel,E.L.;Reiner,B.I. Clinical challenges associated wih incorporation of non-radiology images into the electronic medical record[J]. Proceedings of SPIE——The International Society for Optical Engineering.vol4323,Feb 20-22,2001.
[22] 从体表电位分布图中提取陈旧性心肌梗塞诊断信息的`研究。生物物理学报，1998；14（2）189---294。
[23] Prins H,Cornet R,Van den Bery FM,etc. Soft ware Engineering in Medical Informatics:the academic hospital as learning environment[J].17th International conference of the Eurorean——Fedreration-of-Medical-Informatics.AUG 25-29,2002.HEALTH DATA IN INFORMATION SOCIETY,627-631,2002.
[24] Trautmaann L,Scherer A,Geib D,etc. Clinical workplace system as a central component of a clinical information system[J].Medical information for Europe proceedings,936-940,2000.
[25] Borst F,Breant C,Campi D,etc.The bridge between administeative and clinical information system[J].MEDICAL INFORMATICS EUROPE'99,185-190,1999.
[26] Schweiger R,Burkle T,Kohn F,etc.How to structure clinical information:A practical example[J].15th Medical Informatics Europe Conference:MEDICAL INFORMATICS EUROPE'99,20-24,1999.
[27] 陈国青等. 信息系统的组织﹒管理﹒建模.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[28] 薛华成. 管理信息系统. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[29] 斯蒂芬.哈格等主编,严建援等译.信息时代的管理信息系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[30] (美)Ralph M.Stair,George W.Reynolds.张靖等译.信息系统原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[31] Patrick O'Neil,Elizabeth O'Neil著,周傲英译. 数据库原理、编程与性能(2版).北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[32] 生物数据库生成系统。生物医学工程，1995；14（1）：1----6.
[33] 罗晓沛. 数据库技术(高级). 北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[34] Cary Prague Michael Irwin著,苏帅华等译,Access 2002宝典(中文版).北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[35] RUAN K.STEPHENS,ROANALD R.PLEW. 数据库设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2001.
[36] 张基温. 信息系统开发案例(第三辑). 北京: 清华大学出版社,2002.
[37] 柏林.基于虚拟仪器的预测维修系统的研究与开发[硕士论文].重庆:重庆大学测试中心,2001.
[38] Josk Adam,Rak Remingiusz.Virtual instrument for recording and wavelet based analysis of ECG signals[J].Conference Record-IEEE Instrumentation and of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.V2,May 21-23:1509-1512.
[39] 夏运庆. Visual C++6.0数据库高级编程[M]. 北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.
[40] Lyn Robison ,黄惠菊译. 轻松掌握VC++6.0对数据库编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[41] 何敏,沈敏,周家驹.中药数据库的设计与建立[J].计算机与应用化学,vol.16(5):363~364.
[42] 程义民,罗瑞江等.动态超声心动图像数据库系统设计[J].中国科技大学学报.vol.29(5):608~615.
[43] 秦树人,汤宝平.面向21世纪的绿色仪器系统.中国机械工程,2000,vol.11(3)275~278.
[44] 秦树人.虚拟仪器及其最新发展.振动、测试与诊断.2000,vol.20(增刊):123~129
[45] QIN SHUREN,CHEN ZHIKUI,XUMINGTAO.Research of wavelet transform instrment system for signal analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2000,13(2):114~120.
[46] Shuren Qin.Integrated Testing Technology and Virtual Instrument.Proceedings of 1st ISIST,1999,Sept.:66-71
[47] 秦树人.虚拟仪器——测试仪器从硬件到软件. 振动、测试与诊断.2000,vol.20(1):1~6.
[48] 秦树人,张思复,汤宝平,等. 集成测试技术与虚拟式仪器[J].中国机械工程,1999,10 (1)：77-80.
[49] 贾功贤,刘成康等.基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势.电子技术应用.1999.12:4~7.
[50] Holcik J,Hanak J,Hruby R,etc. Database of equine ECG signals[J]. Proceedings of the international federation for medical & biological engineering,PTS 1 AND 2.885-888,2001.
[51] 周泓,汪乐宇,陈祥献.虚拟仪器系统软件结构的设计.计算机自动测量与控制[J],200,8(1):21~24
[52] 鲍芳,冯燕.基于PCI/PXI/VXI总线的虚拟仪器测试系统.工业仪表与自动化装置[J], 2000,3:17~19.
[53] 林正盛.虚拟仪器技术及应用.电子技术应用.1997,3:24~27.
[54] 康博创作室编著.Visual C++6.0程序设计自学教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[55] 朱洪峻. 心电信号深层识别机理的研究与虚拟式心电图仪的研制[博士论文].重庆:重庆大
学测试中心,2002
[56] Matsumoto Tsutomu,Ueda Yuki etc. A software system for giving clues of medical diagnosis to clinician[J]. Procceedings of the IEEE sympsium on computer-Based Medical System.Jun 4-7,2002:65-70.
[57] Bjarne Stroustrup著,裘宗燕译. C++程序设计语言(特别版).2002.
[58] 王超龙,陈志华. Visual C++6.0入门与提高[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[58] James P.Cohoon,Jack W.Davidson.刘瑞挺等译. C++程序设计(第三版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[59] 陈维新,林小茶. C++面向对象程序设计[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[60] K.David White等著,王建华等译. MFC Visual C++6编程技术内幕[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[61] 李寿兵,张佑生.ADO数据存取技术[J].微型电脑应用,2000,16(6):48~52.
[62] 成功,杨佃福.VC中几种数据库访问技术的比较与选择[J].计算机应用与研究.2002,02:82~84.
[63] 陈建春.Visual C++高级编程技术——开发实例剖析.北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[64] (美) Kate Gregory 著,前导工作室译.Visual C++开发使用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[65] (美)Robert D.Thompson 著.前导工作室译.MFC开发人员参考手册[M].1998.
[66] (美)Brian Overland 著,董梁,李君成等译.C++语言命令详解[M](二版).2000.
[67] Zywietz C,Fischer R.Standard Communication of electrocardiograms(SCP-ECG)[J]. MEDICON 2001:.Proceedings of the international federation for medical & biological engineering. PTS 1AND 2,222-224,2001.
[68] Nambu M.,Nakajima K.Etc. WWW based ECG tranfor home care using JAVA Script[J]. Annual International conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology-Proceedings.V3,oct 23-26,2002:1891-1892.
[69] Garcia J,Martinez I,Sornmo L,etc. Remote ECG-based diagnosis support via web[J].5th World Multiconference on SCI,2001/7th International Conference on Information Systems Anadysis and Synthesis(ISAS 2002),JUL 22-25,2001.