车载式制动性能测试方法和软件开发的研究
|
摘要
随着汽车制动系被测参数复杂程度的增加，传统测试方法越来越不能满足要求。由于高速发展的计算机技术在测试领域的广泛应用，具有功能强大、配置灵活、使用方便等特点实时测试系统已成为当前流行的现场测试手段。
本文首先简要介绍了国内外汽车测试技术发展的状况，分析了国内制动性能测试水平。在论述了实时在线测试系统的概念、特点以及相关技术标准之后，结合当前国内车载式制动性能测试系统的相对不足，再在对典型测试系统框架详细构成的研究基础上，提出了车载式制动性能测试系统的整体框架，即从宏观上研究了制动性能测试的方法。
硬件的抗干扰设计和软件数字处理技术（包括算法）是本文论述的在车载式制动性能测试系统中数据采集和处理涉及的两个关键方面，是从测试方法微观的角度考虑来解决实际问题。因此，其内容是本文的重点之一。
测试系统软件平台的构建是本文的另一个重点。具体内容包括底层驱动程序的构建和应用程序的开发。底层接口方面首先分析了在Windows操作系统保护模式下开发实时驱动程序的方法，然后列举了编写DLL的详细过程。Windows抢先式多任务的特点为应用程序用户界面多线程的开发提供了条件，可以在普通平台上方便地实现测试系统实时显示功能。同时，由于测试数据复杂程度的加大，在应用软件中采用了当前流行的数据库技术来参与数据的管理。
最后以具体项目为例综合应用了上述研究。“车载式汽车制动系综合测试系统”是在线测试技术在汽车工业领域的典型应用。本文提出了整个测试系统硬件、软件、接口等完整的解决方案，以及最终的测试结果。“压电生物芯片测试系统”是当前另一代表性的实时测试系统。本文主要论述了关于构造该测试系统框架及部分测试软件重用的方法。在项目实际开发中均渗入了具体测试方法的选择以及数据采集与处理硬件及软件方面的技术。
As the parameters to be tested of automobile brake system are more and more complex, the traditional test technique could not meet the current requirements gradually. With the wild application of computer technology developing of top speed in the measuring and controlling field, real-time test system with the characteristics of powerful function, flexible configuration and convenience etc, is a fashion method of automobile field test.
The development situation of automobile test technique in home and foreign is introduced at first before analyzing the domestic automobile brake test technique. Then, after studying the concept and characteristics and technical standards of real-time field test system and understanding some limitations existing in the current domestic brake test system and researching the detail of typical data acquisition system, the framework of automobile brake performance test system on-vehicle is proposed and the real application is introduced as a sample from the macroscopic definition of test technique.
In the thesis, the hardware design of anti-interference and software algorithm are two key issues about data acquiring and data processing of test system virtual instruments based, from the microcosmic view of test technique for resolving the concreted questions. So, it is one emphasis of this paper.
Another emphasis of the paper is of constructing test system software. Two aspects, programming the interface driver and the application software, are the main content. The method of developing the real-time driver under the protection mode of Windows operation is introduced. Then the process from programming a DLL file to using it in another application is detailed written as an example. The real-time display function can be realized under the common software development platform because Windows, the preemptive multitask operation, can provide the multithread for the development of user application interface completely. At the same time, the current database technology is used for manage the more and more complicated acquired data.
Finally, two researched and developed projects are introduced completely. The dedicated portable integrated test system of automobile braking has been designed as the typical application of field test instrument in automobile test field. The complete solution including the key point of hardware, software, interface has been researched
and applied, and the accurate data acquired in the end. A real-time piezoelectricity biochip test system is representative. The framework of this system has been constructed and the part software technique from the previous application has been reused as the main development work. In the development of both projects, the test method and the hardware and software technology aforementioned in the paper about data acquiring and processing have been applied.
本文首先简要介绍了国内外汽车测试技术发展的状况，分析了国内制动性能测试水平。在论述了实时在线测试系统的概念、特点以及相关技术标准之后，结合当前国内车载式制动性能测试系统的相对不足，再在对典型测试系统框架详细构成的研究基础上，提出了车载式制动性能测试系统的整体框架，即从宏观上研究了制动性能测试的方法。
硬件的抗干扰设计和软件数字处理技术（包括算法）是本文论述的在车载式制动性能测试系统中数据采集和处理涉及的两个关键方面，是从测试方法微观的角度考虑来解决实际问题。因此，其内容是本文的重点之一。
测试系统软件平台的构建是本文的另一个重点。具体内容包括底层驱动程序的构建和应用程序的开发。底层接口方面首先分析了在Windows操作系统保护模式下开发实时驱动程序的方法，然后列举了编写DLL的详细过程。Windows抢先式多任务的特点为应用程序用户界面多线程的开发提供了条件，可以在普通平台上方便地实现测试系统实时显示功能。同时，由于测试数据复杂程度的加大，在应用软件中采用了当前流行的数据库技术来参与数据的管理。
最后以具体项目为例综合应用了上述研究。“车载式汽车制动系综合测试系统”是在线测试技术在汽车工业领域的典型应用。本文提出了整个测试系统硬件、软件、接口等完整的解决方案，以及最终的测试结果。“压电生物芯片测试系统”是当前另一代表性的实时测试系统。本文主要论述了关于构造该测试系统框架及部分测试软件重用的方法。在项目实际开发中均渗入了具体测试方法的选择以及数据采集与处理硬件及软件方面的技术。
As the parameters to be tested of automobile brake system are more and more complex, the traditional test technique could not meet the current requirements gradually. With the wild application of computer technology developing of top speed in the measuring and controlling field, real-time test system with the characteristics of powerful function, flexible configuration and convenience etc, is a fashion method of automobile field test.
The development situation of automobile test technique in home and foreign is introduced at first before analyzing the domestic automobile brake test technique. Then, after studying the concept and characteristics and technical standards of real-time field test system and understanding some limitations existing in the current domestic brake test system and researching the detail of typical data acquisition system, the framework of automobile brake performance test system on-vehicle is proposed and the real application is introduced as a sample from the macroscopic definition of test technique.
In the thesis, the hardware design of anti-interference and software algorithm are two key issues about data acquiring and data processing of test system virtual instruments based, from the microcosmic view of test technique for resolving the concreted questions. So, it is one emphasis of this paper.
Another emphasis of the paper is of constructing test system software. Two aspects, programming the interface driver and the application software, are the main content. The method of developing the real-time driver under the protection mode of Windows operation is introduced. Then the process from programming a DLL file to using it in another application is detailed written as an example. The real-time display function can be realized under the common software development platform because Windows, the preemptive multitask operation, can provide the multithread for the development of user application interface completely. At the same time, the current database technology is used for manage the more and more complicated acquired data.
Finally, two researched and developed projects are introduced completely. The dedicated portable integrated test system of automobile braking has been designed as the typical application of field test instrument in automobile test field. The complete solution including the key point of hardware, software, interface has been researched
and applied, and the accurate data acquired in the end. A real-time piezoelectricity biochip test system is representative. The framework of this system has been constructed and the part software technique from the previous application has been reused as the main development work. In the development of both projects, the test method and the hardware and software technology aforementioned in the paper about data acquiring and processing have been applied.
引文
[1]《汽车综合性能检测》．北京．交通部公路司审定．2000.9
[2] 明平顺等．《现代汽车检测技术》．北京．人民交通出版社．2001.8
[3] 王欢．我国机动车安全技术检测发展动向．广东公路交通．1999.1.
[4] 秦树人. 虚拟仪器--测试仪器从硬件到软件. 振动、测试与诊断. 2000. Vol. 20 (1).
[5] 秦树人. 虚拟仪器及其最新发展. 振动、测试与诊断. 2000. Vol. 20(增刊). 123~129
[6] Measurement and Automation Catalog 2002. National Instruments Corporation.2002
[7] 刘庆华.《基于虚拟仪器的汽油发动机数据采集系统与怠速的模糊控制研究》. 南京农业大学硕士论文.2001.6
[8] 梁德沛，李宝丽主编.《机械工程参量的动态测试技术》.机械工业出版社.1995.4
[9] 汤宝平.《数据采集与处理》.重庆大学机械电子工程研究所.1999.10
[10] 周箭.虚拟仪器及其技术研究. 浙江大学学报(工学版). 2000年第6期
[11] F.Toran，D.Ramirez，A.E.Navarro，S，Casans，J.Pelegri，J.M.Espi. Design of a virtual instrument for water quality monitoring across the Internet. Sensor and Actuators B 76(2001)
[12] Giancarlo Fortino，Libero Nigro. Development of virtual data acquisition systems based on multimedia internetworking . Computer Standards & Interfaces .(21) 1999
[13] F.Thomas ，M.M.Nayak etc. A hardware/software codesign for improved data acquisition in a processor based embedded system. Microprocessors and Microsystems .24(2000).129-134
[14] P. Daponte ， S. Sangiovanni ， E. Zappitelli. Data acquisition systems for non periodic signal with real-time data compression. Measurement . 27 (2000)
[15] 沈大鹏等.虚拟仪器的设计与实现一则.仪表技术.2000年第6期.18-19
[16] Hiheya Nakanishi ， Mamoru Kojima， LABCOM Group. Design for real-time data acquisition based on streaming technology. Fusion Engineering and Design .56-57 (2001)
[17] M. Kawabata， M. Mutoh. Developments of a data-acquisition system using Windows NT workstation .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 454 (2000)
[18] Vladimyr Haasz ， Frantisek Pistynek . Influence of disturbance on measurement precision using AD plug-in boards. Measurement. 28 (2000)
[19] Salvatore Nuccio，Ciro Spataro. Assessment of virtual instrument measurement uncertainty. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 23(2001)
[20] 向晓安.《高速便携式数据采集系统的研制》.电子科技大学硕士论文.2001
[21] Rex Klopfenstein Jr. Data smoothing using a least squares fit C++ class. ISA Transactions 37 (1998)
[22] 徐士良.《C常用算法程序集》.清华大学出版社.1994.360－364
[23] 高渊文 等.汽车便携式综合测试系统的开发与应用.计算机测量与控制.2003.1
[24] 石雨荷.《基于便携式计算机的车载激光道路平整度测试系统的研究与实现》.西北工业大学硕士论文.2001.3
[25] 武安河、周利丽.《Windows设备驱动程序（VxD与WDM）开发实务》.电子工业出版社.2001.9.1
[26] Nabajyoti Barkakati.屠强等译.《Visual C++开发指南》.电子工业出版社.1998.1
[27] Hsin-Ti Chueh，John V.Hatfield. A real-time data acquisition system for a hand-held electronic nose (H2EN).Sensor and Actuators B 83(2002)
[28] 乔兵.《测试系统软件平台的研制》.西北工业大学硕士论文.2001.3
[29] 周颖.《Visual Basic6.0实例精通》.清华大学出版社.2000.6
[30] 郑一平.《PCM—6000系列数采产品使用手册》.洛阳现代信息技术有限公司.1999.6
[31] 吴立力.《信号采集系统中的数据传输、显示与处理》.北京工业大学硕士论文.2001.5
[32] 用Visual C++开发数据库应用程序. http://www.ittide.com/document/article/dbf/28.html
[33] 王莽 等.ADO技术在虚拟仪器软件设计中的应用.电测与仪表.2001.5
[34] 埃克霍恩等著.《汽车制动系统》（美）.机械工业出版社.1998.8
[35] IOtech Application Note #22.Brake-System Test using the WaveBook/512
[36] IOtech Application Note #31.Driver Brake Testing using the DaqBook/100
[37] IOtech Application Note #51.Vehicle Transmission & Brake Testing using the Wave Book/516
[38] 岳榴，李忠利.汽车性能实验测试与分析系统的研究与开发.汽车技术.2001.3
[39] 黄贤武、郑筱霞主编.《传感器原理与应用》.电子科技大学出版社.1999.5
[40] 黄继昌 等主编.《传感器工作原理及应用实例》.人民邮电出版社. 1998.12
[41] 中国科学院新闻.http://www.cas.ac.cn/html/Dir/2001/12/17/6020.htm.2001.12
[2] 明平顺等．《现代汽车检测技术》．北京．人民交通出版社．2001.8
[3] 王欢．我国机动车安全技术检测发展动向．广东公路交通．1999.1.
[4] 秦树人. 虚拟仪器--测试仪器从硬件到软件. 振动、测试与诊断. 2000. Vol. 20 (1).
[5] 秦树人. 虚拟仪器及其最新发展. 振动、测试与诊断. 2000. Vol. 20(增刊). 123~129
[6] Measurement and Automation Catalog 2002. National Instruments Corporation.2002
[7] 刘庆华.《基于虚拟仪器的汽油发动机数据采集系统与怠速的模糊控制研究》. 南京农业大学硕士论文.2001.6
[8] 梁德沛，李宝丽主编.《机械工程参量的动态测试技术》.机械工业出版社.1995.4
[9] 汤宝平.《数据采集与处理》.重庆大学机械电子工程研究所.1999.10
[10] 周箭.虚拟仪器及其技术研究. 浙江大学学报(工学版). 2000年第6期
[11] F.Toran，D.Ramirez，A.E.Navarro，S，Casans，J.Pelegri，J.M.Espi. Design of a virtual instrument for water quality monitoring across the Internet. Sensor and Actuators B 76(2001)
[12] Giancarlo Fortino，Libero Nigro. Development of virtual data acquisition systems based on multimedia internetworking . Computer Standards & Interfaces .(21) 1999
[13] F.Thomas ，M.M.Nayak etc. A hardware/software codesign for improved data acquisition in a processor based embedded system. Microprocessors and Microsystems .24(2000).129-134
[14] P. Daponte ， S. Sangiovanni ， E. Zappitelli. Data acquisition systems for non periodic signal with real-time data compression. Measurement . 27 (2000)
[15] 沈大鹏等.虚拟仪器的设计与实现一则.仪表技术.2000年第6期.18-19
[16] Hiheya Nakanishi ， Mamoru Kojima， LABCOM Group. Design for real-time data acquisition based on streaming technology. Fusion Engineering and Design .56-57 (2001)
[17] M. Kawabata， M. Mutoh. Developments of a data-acquisition system using Windows NT workstation .Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 454 (2000)
[18] Vladimyr Haasz ， Frantisek Pistynek . Influence of disturbance on measurement precision using AD plug-in boards. Measurement. 28 (2000)
[19] Salvatore Nuccio，Ciro Spataro. Assessment of virtual instrument measurement uncertainty. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 23(2001)
[20] 向晓安.《高速便携式数据采集系统的研制》.电子科技大学硕士论文.2001
[21] Rex Klopfenstein Jr. Data smoothing using a least squares fit C++ class. ISA Transactions 37 (1998)
[22] 徐士良.《C常用算法程序集》.清华大学出版社.1994.360－364
[23] 高渊文 等.汽车便携式综合测试系统的开发与应用.计算机测量与控制.2003.1
[24] 石雨荷.《基于便携式计算机的车载激光道路平整度测试系统的研究与实现》.西北工业大学硕士论文.2001.3
[25] 武安河、周利丽.《Windows设备驱动程序（VxD与WDM）开发实务》.电子工业出版社.2001.9.1
[26] Nabajyoti Barkakati.屠强等译.《Visual C++开发指南》.电子工业出版社.1998.1
[27] Hsin-Ti Chueh，John V.Hatfield. A real-time data acquisition system for a hand-held electronic nose (H2EN).Sensor and Actuators B 83(2002)
[28] 乔兵.《测试系统软件平台的研制》.西北工业大学硕士论文.2001.3
[29] 周颖.《Visual Basic6.0实例精通》.清华大学出版社.2000.6
[30] 郑一平.《PCM—6000系列数采产品使用手册》.洛阳现代信息技术有限公司.1999.6
[31] 吴立力.《信号采集系统中的数据传输、显示与处理》.北京工业大学硕士论文.2001.5
[32] 用Visual C++开发数据库应用程序. http://www.ittide.com/document/article/dbf/28.html
[33] 王莽 等.ADO技术在虚拟仪器软件设计中的应用.电测与仪表.2001.5
[34] 埃克霍恩等著.《汽车制动系统》（美）.机械工业出版社.1998.8
[35] IOtech Application Note #22.Brake-System Test using the WaveBook/512
[36] IOtech Application Note #31.Driver Brake Testing using the DaqBook/100
[37] IOtech Application Note #51.Vehicle Transmission & Brake Testing using the Wave Book/516
[38] 岳榴，李忠利.汽车性能实验测试与分析系统的研究与开发.汽车技术.2001.3
[39] 黄贤武、郑筱霞主编.《传感器原理与应用》.电子科技大学出版社.1999.5
[40] 黄继昌 等主编.《传感器工作原理及应用实例》.人民邮电出版社. 1998.12
[41] 中国科学院新闻.http://www.cas.ac.cn/html/Dir/2001/12/17/6020.htm.2001.12