西藏雄村斑岩型铜金矿遥感地质成矿信息提取研究
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摘要
雄村铜金矿床位于冈底斯成矿带的中段,冈底斯中新生代火山-岩浆弧东段南缘,雅江深大断裂的北缘,岩浆弧与昂仁-日喀则中-新生代弧前盆地转换部位,属于超大型细脉浸染型铜金矿,既斑岩型矿床。近年来大批的斑岩型铜金矿的发现,使得冈底斯成矿带备受关注。通过对斑岩型铜矿成矿机制的研究发现,围岩蚀变与成矿的关系密切,是寻找斑岩型铜矿床的主要标志。利用西部高寒山区良好的气象以及浅覆盖的优势,运用遥感技术对斑岩型铜矿成矿信息提取的方法进行了较为深入的研究,为雄村铜金矿周边发掘找矿潜力提供依据。
本文利用ASTER遥感数据,在斑岩型铜矿成矿规律的指导下,结合已有勘查资料,对蚀变矿物波谱特征进行分析,提出各类蚀变的提取方案并进行蚀变提取。在分析区域地质特征的基础上,利用ETM数据对研究区的线环构造进行解译,分析与构造相关的成矿有利位置,最后将各类遥感成矿信息集成到统一的地理信息系统平台下,在综合分析遥感地质成矿信息后,对研究区进行斑岩型铜金矿的成矿预测。本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)本文在完成对ASTER数据预处理以及去除干扰信息的基础上,利用ASTER数据在近红外、短波对矿物光谱识别的优势,在斑岩型铜矿典型的围岩蚀变分带模式的指导下,提出了基于主成分分析的蚀变提取方案。并对典型蚀变带在研究区内分布集中区所表现的分带普遍模式进行分析总结。
(2)通过对雄村铜金矿已有勘查资料的分析,以及典型蚀变带提取的结果,对蚀变的提取进行深化,确定需要补充提取的蚀变类型,剔除典型蚀变带中对成矿影响不大的类型,最终确定了5类蚀变作为与雄村矿床成矿相关信息,分别为:钾化、似千枚岩化、青磐岩化、黄铁绢英岩化、硅化,通过对5类蚀变结果的叠加分析得出矿区内蚀变的普遍分布特征:钾化-钾化+似千枚岩化-似千枚岩化。
(3)利用ETM数据在741波段遥感地质解译的成熟经验,在研究区开展地质信息目视解译工作,主要为线性、环形构造解译,对遥感地质解译结果进行数量化分析,分析构造集中区,构造主要方位;并利用线-环交切矿床定位最佳模式分析成矿有利部位。
(4)对遥感成矿信息进行综合分析,首先将蚀变、线环构造集成到统一的地理信息平台下,得到遥感成矿要素图。制作线环构造密度图,对蚀变类型进行打分,制作蚀变密度图,通过试验确定最佳权重值,对两类成矿要素密度图进行栅格叠加运算,得到有利成矿区分级图,在有利成矿区分级图上圈定了10个斑岩铜矿成矿预测区,圈定的一处成矿预测区与雄村铜金矿位置相吻合,验证了遥感成矿信息提取的有效性。
Xiongcun copper-gold deposit is superlarge porphyry copper-gold deposit,which located in the middle of gangdese metallogenic belt, the southern margin of the eastern section of gangdise mesozoic and cenozoic volcanic-magmatic arc, southern edge of the brahmaputra discordogenic fault,magmatic arc and angren-xigaze cenozoic fore-arc basin conversion parts. In recent years,because of a large number of porphyry copper-gold deposits were discovered,gangdese metallogenic belt received much concern.Wall rock alteration is the main indicator of looking for porphyry copper deposit due to intimately associated with mineralization by study for metallogenic mechanism of porphyry copper deposits.Make use of good weather conditions in western alpine mountain areas,and the advantages of shallow overburden,using of remote sensing technology study about porphyry copper mineralization information extraction method,and provide the basis for prospecting potential in perimeter zone of xiongcun copper-gold deposit.
Making use of ASTER remote sensing data,under the guidance of regularity of ore formation of porphyry copper deposits,and combined with existing reconnaissance material,analysis for spectral characteristics of alteration mineral, and then to determine the best extracting method in connection with various types of alteration.Based on the analysis of regional geological features,using of ETM data to interpret linear and ring structure,analysis of the mineralization vantage point associated with the construction,finally,the various types of remote sensing mineralization information were integrated into a unified geographic information system platform,and then comprehensive analysis of remote sensing geological mineralization information, finally to metallogenic prognosis for the study area.The main content of this paper as follow:
(1)Based on the completion of the ASTER data pre-processing and removal of interference information,using of the spectral recognition advantages of ASTER data in the near infrared,short wave,under the guidance of porphyry copper deposit’s typical alteration zoning mode,proposed the method of altered extraction is based on principal component analysis.Analysis and summarized the typical distribution pattern of the alteration zone in distribution of clusters of the study area.
(2)Analysis for existing reconnaissance material of xiongcun copper-gold deposit and extracted results of typical alteration zoning,determine the additional alteration types which need extracted,excluding the typical alteration zone has little effect on mineralization,ultimately five category of alteration as mineralization information, which are potassium alteration,quartz-sericitization,beresitization, siliconization,and obtained the general distribution characteristics by the superposition of five category of the alteration results:potassium alteration- potassium alteration+quartz sericitization-quartz sericitization.
(3)Making use of the mature experience at remote sensing geological interpretation for ETM data that consists of band 741,carry on remote sensing visual interpretation of geological information in the study area,mainly include that linear and ring structure interpretation,and quantitative analysis for the result of remote sensing geological interpretation,analysis of structure concentrated area and main orientation,than though linear-ring structure model for ore deposit loeation to decide the favored site of mineralization.
(4)Comprehensive analysis for remote sensing geological mineralization information,first,alteration and linear-ring strueture were integrated into a unified geographic information system platform,and recevied the remote sensing metallogenic factor map. Production linear-ring strueture density map, evaluation for every alteration types and production alteration density map.By testing determine the best weights and use of raster calculator for two types metallogenic factor, and obtained favorable metallogenic classification map.Based on favorable metallogenic classification map, ten predicting areas of porphyry copper deposit were delineated.The position of predicting area is coincide with xiongcun copper-gold deposit’s,this result validate the effectiveness of remote sensing geological mineralization information extraction.
本文利用ASTER遥感数据,在斑岩型铜矿成矿规律的指导下,结合已有勘查资料,对蚀变矿物波谱特征进行分析,提出各类蚀变的提取方案并进行蚀变提取。在分析区域地质特征的基础上,利用ETM数据对研究区的线环构造进行解译,分析与构造相关的成矿有利位置,最后将各类遥感成矿信息集成到统一的地理信息系统平台下,在综合分析遥感地质成矿信息后,对研究区进行斑岩型铜金矿的成矿预测。本文主要研究内容如下:
(1)本文在完成对ASTER数据预处理以及去除干扰信息的基础上,利用ASTER数据在近红外、短波对矿物光谱识别的优势,在斑岩型铜矿典型的围岩蚀变分带模式的指导下,提出了基于主成分分析的蚀变提取方案。并对典型蚀变带在研究区内分布集中区所表现的分带普遍模式进行分析总结。
(2)通过对雄村铜金矿已有勘查资料的分析,以及典型蚀变带提取的结果,对蚀变的提取进行深化,确定需要补充提取的蚀变类型,剔除典型蚀变带中对成矿影响不大的类型,最终确定了5类蚀变作为与雄村矿床成矿相关信息,分别为:钾化、似千枚岩化、青磐岩化、黄铁绢英岩化、硅化,通过对5类蚀变结果的叠加分析得出矿区内蚀变的普遍分布特征:钾化-钾化+似千枚岩化-似千枚岩化。
(3)利用ETM数据在741波段遥感地质解译的成熟经验,在研究区开展地质信息目视解译工作,主要为线性、环形构造解译,对遥感地质解译结果进行数量化分析,分析构造集中区,构造主要方位;并利用线-环交切矿床定位最佳模式分析成矿有利部位。
(4)对遥感成矿信息进行综合分析,首先将蚀变、线环构造集成到统一的地理信息平台下,得到遥感成矿要素图。制作线环构造密度图,对蚀变类型进行打分,制作蚀变密度图,通过试验确定最佳权重值,对两类成矿要素密度图进行栅格叠加运算,得到有利成矿区分级图,在有利成矿区分级图上圈定了10个斑岩铜矿成矿预测区,圈定的一处成矿预测区与雄村铜金矿位置相吻合,验证了遥感成矿信息提取的有效性。
Xiongcun copper-gold deposit is superlarge porphyry copper-gold deposit,which located in the middle of gangdese metallogenic belt, the southern margin of the eastern section of gangdise mesozoic and cenozoic volcanic-magmatic arc, southern edge of the brahmaputra discordogenic fault,magmatic arc and angren-xigaze cenozoic fore-arc basin conversion parts. In recent years,because of a large number of porphyry copper-gold deposits were discovered,gangdese metallogenic belt received much concern.Wall rock alteration is the main indicator of looking for porphyry copper deposit due to intimately associated with mineralization by study for metallogenic mechanism of porphyry copper deposits.Make use of good weather conditions in western alpine mountain areas,and the advantages of shallow overburden,using of remote sensing technology study about porphyry copper mineralization information extraction method,and provide the basis for prospecting potential in perimeter zone of xiongcun copper-gold deposit.
Making use of ASTER remote sensing data,under the guidance of regularity of ore formation of porphyry copper deposits,and combined with existing reconnaissance material,analysis for spectral characteristics of alteration mineral, and then to determine the best extracting method in connection with various types of alteration.Based on the analysis of regional geological features,using of ETM data to interpret linear and ring structure,analysis of the mineralization vantage point associated with the construction,finally,the various types of remote sensing mineralization information were integrated into a unified geographic information system platform,and then comprehensive analysis of remote sensing geological mineralization information, finally to metallogenic prognosis for the study area.The main content of this paper as follow:
(1)Based on the completion of the ASTER data pre-processing and removal of interference information,using of the spectral recognition advantages of ASTER data in the near infrared,short wave,under the guidance of porphyry copper deposit’s typical alteration zoning mode,proposed the method of altered extraction is based on principal component analysis.Analysis and summarized the typical distribution pattern of the alteration zone in distribution of clusters of the study area.
(2)Analysis for existing reconnaissance material of xiongcun copper-gold deposit and extracted results of typical alteration zoning,determine the additional alteration types which need extracted,excluding the typical alteration zone has little effect on mineralization,ultimately five category of alteration as mineralization information, which are potassium alteration,quartz-sericitization,beresitization, siliconization,and obtained the general distribution characteristics by the superposition of five category of the alteration results:potassium alteration- potassium alteration+quartz sericitization-quartz sericitization.
(3)Making use of the mature experience at remote sensing geological interpretation for ETM data that consists of band 741,carry on remote sensing visual interpretation of geological information in the study area,mainly include that linear and ring structure interpretation,and quantitative analysis for the result of remote sensing geological interpretation,analysis of structure concentrated area and main orientation,than though linear-ring structure model for ore deposit loeation to decide the favored site of mineralization.
(4)Comprehensive analysis for remote sensing geological mineralization information,first,alteration and linear-ring strueture were integrated into a unified geographic information system platform,and recevied the remote sensing metallogenic factor map. Production linear-ring strueture density map, evaluation for every alteration types and production alteration density map.By testing determine the best weights and use of raster calculator for two types metallogenic factor, and obtained favorable metallogenic classification map.Based on favorable metallogenic classification map, ten predicting areas of porphyry copper deposit were delineated.The position of predicting area is coincide with xiongcun copper-gold deposit’s,this result validate the effectiveness of remote sensing geological mineralization information extraction.
引文
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