自适应多速率语音编码在TD-SCDMA系统中应用的研究
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摘要
自适应多速率(AMR Adaptive Multi Rate)语音编码是由3GPP(3~(rd)generation Partnership Project)制定的应用于第三代移动通信WCDMA系统中的语音压缩编码。TD-SCDMA(Time Division-Synchronous CodeDivision Multiple Access,时分同步的码分多址技术),是由中国无线通信标准化组织(CWTS)提出,并得到国际电信联盟(ITU)通过的3G无线通信标准。
自适应多速率语音编码能以更加智能的方式解决信源和信道编码的速率分配问题,使得无线资源的配置和利用更加灵活和高效。将自适应多速率语音编码应用到TD-SCDMA系统中,不仅可以提供更高语音质量语音服务而且可以更好的利用TD-SCDMA系统的资源。本文主要对自适应多速率的系统应用方案进行研究。我们采用测量MEL倒谱间距(MEL-Cepstral Distance)的方法对自适应多速率语音编码各速率语音编码的性能进行了分析。为了制定速率切换策略,我们以载干比为门限对这八种速率进行了分类。最后我们根据TD-SCDMA系统的特点提出了在TD-SCDMA中应用自适应多速率语音编码的系统结构,与WCDMA中的自适应多速率语音编码结构相比较,该结构简化了移动终端的速率选择模块,降低了移动终端的计算复杂度,减小了语音的传输时延,具有很高的实用价值。
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Speech Codec, which is published by 3GPP (3rd generation Partnership Project), is used for speech compressing coding in the W-CDMA system of the 3rd generation mobile communication. TD-SCDMA(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access), Which is proposed by CWTS, has been passed as the 3G wireless communication standard by ITU.
AMR speech codec can give a powerful assignment strategy for the signal and channel codec speed services, which can use the wireless resource more flexibly and effectively. Using AMR speech codec in TD-SCDMA system will give the better speech service and more effectively to use the TD-SCDMA resource. This paper will focus on how to use AMR in TD-SCDMA system. We first use MCD (MEL-Cepstral Distance) analyse each mode of AMR speech codec. To design the speed switching strategy, we classified the eight speech modes as three classes. At last we proposed the AMR structure according to the features of TD-SCDMA system. Compare to the AMR in WCDMA system, this structure simplified the terminial's speed-selecting module, which will reduce the complexity of the algorithm and the time delay of the speech.
自适应多速率语音编码能以更加智能的方式解决信源和信道编码的速率分配问题,使得无线资源的配置和利用更加灵活和高效。将自适应多速率语音编码应用到TD-SCDMA系统中,不仅可以提供更高语音质量语音服务而且可以更好的利用TD-SCDMA系统的资源。本文主要对自适应多速率的系统应用方案进行研究。我们采用测量MEL倒谱间距(MEL-Cepstral Distance)的方法对自适应多速率语音编码各速率语音编码的性能进行了分析。为了制定速率切换策略,我们以载干比为门限对这八种速率进行了分类。最后我们根据TD-SCDMA系统的特点提出了在TD-SCDMA中应用自适应多速率语音编码的系统结构,与WCDMA中的自适应多速率语音编码结构相比较,该结构简化了移动终端的速率选择模块,降低了移动终端的计算复杂度,减小了语音的传输时延,具有很高的实用价值。
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Speech Codec, which is published by 3GPP (3rd generation Partnership Project), is used for speech compressing coding in the W-CDMA system of the 3rd generation mobile communication. TD-SCDMA(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access), Which is proposed by CWTS, has been passed as the 3G wireless communication standard by ITU.
AMR speech codec can give a powerful assignment strategy for the signal and channel codec speed services, which can use the wireless resource more flexibly and effectively. Using AMR speech codec in TD-SCDMA system will give the better speech service and more effectively to use the TD-SCDMA resource. This paper will focus on how to use AMR in TD-SCDMA system. We first use MCD (MEL-Cepstral Distance) analyse each mode of AMR speech codec. To design the speed switching strategy, we classified the eight speech modes as three classes. At last we proposed the AMR structure according to the features of TD-SCDMA system. Compare to the AMR in WCDMA system, this structure simplified the terminial's speed-selecting module, which will reduce the complexity of the algorithm and the time delay of the speech.
引文
[1] 3GPP TS 26.071 V5.0.0, "AMR Speech Code General Description," June 2002.
[2] 3GPP TS 26.073 V5.0.0, "ANSI-C Code for the Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Speech Code," June 2002.
[3] 3GPP TS 26.074 V5.0.0,"Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec test sequences," June 2002.
[4] 3GPP TS 26.090 V5.0.0,"AMR Speech Code about Transcending functions," June 2002.
[5] 3GPP TS 26.091 V5.0.0, "Error concealment of lost frames," June 2002.
[6] 3GPP TS 26.092 V5.0.0, "AMR Speech Code about Comfort Noise Aspects," June 2002.
[7] 3GPP TS 26.093 V4.0.0,"AMR Speech Code about Source Controlled Rate Operation," June 2002.
[8] 3GPP TS 26.091 V5.0.0, "AMR Speech Code about Voice Activity Detector (VAD)," June 2002.
[9] 3GPP TS 26.101 V5.0.0, "Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec frame structure," June 2002.
[10] 3GPP 3GT S2 6.913V 0.0.1( 1999-06):" Quantitative performance evaluation of Real-time Packet Switched Multimedia Services Over3 G″
[11]3GPP. 3G TS 26.915 V3.0.0 (2000-03): "Echo Control For Speech and MultiMedia Services"
[12] 3GPP, 3G TR 26.975 V1.1.0 (2000-01): "Codec: Performance Characterization of the AMR Speech Codec"
[13] Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall In c, 1996
[14] John G Proakis, Digital Communications. Third Edition. McGraw-Hill. Inc, 1995
[15] Havkin, "Adaptive Filter Theory", 2nd Edition Prentice Hall. 1991
[16]Mullner R., Ball C.F., Ivanov K., Hartmann D., Winkler H., AMR-wideband: Enjoying superior voice quality at full coverage and competitive capacity in GERAN networks, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005, p 2320-2324
[17] Wei Bo, Dong Hui, Gibson, Jerry D., Application of NB/WB AMR speech codecs in the 30-kHz TDMA system , IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , November, 2004, p 1897-1901
[18] Guo Yi-Feng, Kuo Geng-Sheng, A new defined lower bit rate AMR mode in GSM and WCDMA networks, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007, p 725-729
[19] Barreto, Andre Noll, Pirhonen, Riku, Capacity increase in GSM networks using source-adaptive AMR, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference , 2006, p 553-557
[20] Dong, H., Gersho, A.; Gibson, J.D.; Cuperman, V., A multiple description speech coder based on AMR-WB for mobile ad hoc networks, ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2004, p 1277-1280
[21] Werner, Marc, Junge, Thomas, Vary, Peter, Quality control for AMR speech channels in GSM networks, ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2004, p III1076-III1079
[22] Harri Holma, Juan Melero, Janne Vainio, Timo Halonen and Jari Makinen , Performance of Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Voice in GSM and WCDMA, P.O.Box 301, FIN-00045 Nokia Group, Finland
[23] R. Mülliner, C. F. Ball, K. Ivanov, H. Winkler, R. Perl, and K. Kremnitzer, Exploiting AMR-WB Audio Bandwidth Extension for Quality and Capacity Increase
[24] Jirvinm. K. "Standardization of the Adaptive Mulcirate Codec".Euripco.
[25] Haloncn, T., Melero, 1. and Romero, J. "GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance: Evolution Toward 3GNMTS", Wiley & Sons, 2002.
[26] TS 26. 101.Mandatory speech codec speech processing functions ;AMR speech frame structure , 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) ;TSG2SA Codec working group[ S].
[27] GSM Recommendation 05. 03. Digital cellular telecommunications system;channel coding ,ETSI[ S].
[28]Wilson W S Wong,Elvino S Sousa.Power assignment strategies and traffic control for wireless multmedia DS2CDMA systems[A].Proc.Of IEEE International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,PIMRC[C].Taipei:IEEE,1996.
[29]Q.Shen,A.W.Krzymien.Power Assignment in CDMA personal communication systems with integrated voice/data traffic[A].Conference Record/IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference[C].London:IEEE,1996.
[30]李昌立,吴善培,《数字语音--语音编码》,人民邮电出版社,2004年。
[31]王炳锡,王洪,《变速率语音编码》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2004年。
[32]陈华伟,张知易等,用于语音质量客观评价的Mel谱失真测度,第十一届中国电子学会青年学术年会,2005年
[2] 3GPP TS 26.073 V5.0.0, "ANSI-C Code for the Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Speech Code," June 2002.
[3] 3GPP TS 26.074 V5.0.0,"Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec test sequences," June 2002.
[4] 3GPP TS 26.090 V5.0.0,"AMR Speech Code about Transcending functions," June 2002.
[5] 3GPP TS 26.091 V5.0.0, "Error concealment of lost frames," June 2002.
[6] 3GPP TS 26.092 V5.0.0, "AMR Speech Code about Comfort Noise Aspects," June 2002.
[7] 3GPP TS 26.093 V4.0.0,"AMR Speech Code about Source Controlled Rate Operation," June 2002.
[8] 3GPP TS 26.091 V5.0.0, "AMR Speech Code about Voice Activity Detector (VAD)," June 2002.
[9] 3GPP TS 26.101 V5.0.0, "Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec frame structure," June 2002.
[10] 3GPP 3GT S2 6.913V 0.0.1( 1999-06):" Quantitative performance evaluation of Real-time Packet Switched Multimedia Services Over3 G″
[11]3GPP. 3G TS 26.915 V3.0.0 (2000-03): "Echo Control For Speech and MultiMedia Services"
[12] 3GPP, 3G TR 26.975 V1.1.0 (2000-01): "Codec: Performance Characterization of the AMR Speech Codec"
[13] Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall In c, 1996
[14] John G Proakis, Digital Communications. Third Edition. McGraw-Hill. Inc, 1995
[15] Havkin, "Adaptive Filter Theory", 2nd Edition Prentice Hall. 1991
[16]Mullner R., Ball C.F., Ivanov K., Hartmann D., Winkler H., AMR-wideband: Enjoying superior voice quality at full coverage and competitive capacity in GERAN networks, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005, p 2320-2324
[17] Wei Bo, Dong Hui, Gibson, Jerry D., Application of NB/WB AMR speech codecs in the 30-kHz TDMA system , IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications , November, 2004, p 1897-1901
[18] Guo Yi-Feng, Kuo Geng-Sheng, A new defined lower bit rate AMR mode in GSM and WCDMA networks, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007, p 725-729
[19] Barreto, Andre Noll, Pirhonen, Riku, Capacity increase in GSM networks using source-adaptive AMR, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference , 2006, p 553-557
[20] Dong, H., Gersho, A.; Gibson, J.D.; Cuperman, V., A multiple description speech coder based on AMR-WB for mobile ad hoc networks, ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2004, p 1277-1280
[21] Werner, Marc, Junge, Thomas, Vary, Peter, Quality control for AMR speech channels in GSM networks, ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, 2004, p III1076-III1079
[22] Harri Holma, Juan Melero, Janne Vainio, Timo Halonen and Jari Makinen , Performance of Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Voice in GSM and WCDMA, P.O.Box 301, FIN-00045 Nokia Group, Finland
[23] R. Mülliner, C. F. Ball, K. Ivanov, H. Winkler, R. Perl, and K. Kremnitzer, Exploiting AMR-WB Audio Bandwidth Extension for Quality and Capacity Increase
[24] Jirvinm. K. "Standardization of the Adaptive Mulcirate Codec".Euripco.
[25] Haloncn, T., Melero, 1. and Romero, J. "GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance: Evolution Toward 3GNMTS", Wiley & Sons, 2002.
[26] TS 26. 101.Mandatory speech codec speech processing functions ;AMR speech frame structure , 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) ;TSG2SA Codec working group[ S].
[27] GSM Recommendation 05. 03. Digital cellular telecommunications system;channel coding ,ETSI[ S].
[28]Wilson W S Wong,Elvino S Sousa.Power assignment strategies and traffic control for wireless multmedia DS2CDMA systems[A].Proc.Of IEEE International Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,PIMRC[C].Taipei:IEEE,1996.
[29]Q.Shen,A.W.Krzymien.Power Assignment in CDMA personal communication systems with integrated voice/data traffic[A].Conference Record/IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference[C].London:IEEE,1996.
[30]李昌立,吴善培,《数字语音--语音编码》,人民邮电出版社,2004年。
[31]王炳锡,王洪,《变速率语音编码》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2004年。
[32]陈华伟,张知易等,用于语音质量客观评价的Mel谱失真测度,第十一届中国电子学会青年学术年会,2005年