新型光纤的设计与制作工艺研究
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摘要
近年来,计算机网络及数据业务爆炸式的增长,提出了巨大的传输带宽需求。增加传输速率,拓展石英光纤的工作波长,增加通信信道是提高传输容量的优选方法。提高光纤性能主要体现在增加色散系数,降低色散斜率、降低本征损耗、增大有效面积、拓展工作波长等方面。而现有的光放大技术不能很好地满足对新工作波长有效增益需求。因此,研制全面优化的新型传输光纤,开发新型宽带近红外发光光纤材料,已成为光纤技术研究领域的热点课题。
为此,本文开展了非零色散位移光纤(NZDSF)结构设计与制造工艺研究,在SiO2-Al2O3-GeO材料中,进行了掺铋光纤和铒铋共掺预制棒的研制,完成的主要工作包括：
1.深入了解光纤通信技术的发展趋势,详细阐述了NZDSF设计与制造工艺相关基础知识,包括光纤的基本性能、结构、标准、常规产品主要性能指标,用以指导光纤产品设计与制造工艺研究。归纳总结了光放大器的种类与现状,为掺铋光纤和铒铋共掺预制棒材料的研制奠定了理论基础。
2.设计了一种降低芯层折射率差的NZDSF结构模型,系统研究了构成折射率剖面的各个参数对光纤波导性能的影响,通过调整结构参数,给出了系列大有效面积NZDSF设计,包括两种同时满足G.655D及G.656标准,G.655E及G.656标准的正色散和一种负色散的NZDSF产品。优化了1550nm色散系数和色散斜率,将零色散波长由1500nm附近移到1450nm以下,可支持S+C+L工作波长的密集波分复用系统。
3.详细阐述了MCVD工艺原理和设备,进行了MCVD+OVD混合制造工艺的实验研究和光纤性能评价。为提高光纤生产效率,提出了一种新的MCVD+VAD混合预制棒工艺技术,系统研究了采用新工艺制造NZDSF的工艺过程,详细分析了新工艺方法的关键环节,并全面测试了光纤的光学性能、抗弯曲性能、熔接性能、机械环境性能。
4.阐述了MCVD结合溶液掺杂制造有源光纤的工艺,研究了掺铋光纤的制作工艺,获得具有超宽带近红外发光的掺铋光纤系列,实验观测了光纤与预制棒的发光性能,分析讨论了铋的发光起源,1100nm波段的发光可归于Bi0的2D3/2(1)→S3/2跃迁,1300nm波段的发光可归于Bi+的3P1→3P0跃迁。所得光纤有望成为宽带放大和调谐激光器的理想增益介质。
5.制备了铒铋共掺的光纤预制棒,观测到铒铋共同发光现象,实验结果对于开发新型宽带放大光纤材料有指导意义,所制备的铒铋共掺预制棒可望用于1.3um窗口和S波段新型放大器的研究。
In recent years, the explosive growth of computer network and data service provided substantial demands on transmission bandwidth. To increase transmission rate, expand the operation wavelength of silica optical fiber and increase communication channels are the preferred methods for increasing transmission capacity. The increase of optical fiber performance is mainly reflected by the increase of dispersion coefficient, decrease of dispersion slope, decrease of intrinsic loss, increase of effective area, expansion of operation wavelength, etc. The existing light amplification technology cannot well meet the demands on effective gain on new operation wavelength. Therefore, developing the new comprehensively optimized transmission fiber and new broadband near-infrared luminescent fiber has become the hot spot of fiber optic technology research.
For this purpose, the thesis studies on the structural design and manufacturing process of Non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF) and on the development of bismuth-doped optical fiber and erbium and bismuth co-doped preform rod for SiO2-Al2O3-GeO2material. The major completed work includes:
1. Deeply understood the development trend of fiber-optical communication technology and elaborated relevant elementary knowledge on NZDSF design and manufacturing process in details, including the basic performance, structure and standards of optical fiber and main performance indexes of conventional products, which are used for guiding the study on design and manufacturing process of optical fiber products; concluded and summarized the variety and status quo of optical amplifiers, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of bismuth-doped optical fiber and erbium and bismuth-doped preform rods.
2. Designed a NZDSF structural model to reduce the refractivity of core, systematically researched the impact of refractive index profile's parameters on the waveguide performance of optical fiber and provided NZDSF design with large effective area, including two NZDSF products with positive dispersion and one NZDSF product with negative dispersion that meet the G.655D&G.656and G.655E&G.656standards; optimized1550nm abbe number and dispersion slope, and moved zero dispersion wavelength from near1500nm to below1450nm to support the dense wavelength division multiplexing system with the S+C+L operation wavelength.
3. Elaborated the principle of MCVD technology and equipment in details, conducted experimental study on MCVD+OVD mixed manufacturing technology and evaluated the performance of optical fiber; proposed a new mixed technology for MCVD+VAD preform rod to enhance the production efficiency of optical fiber, systematically studied the NZDSF manufacturing process with a new technology, analyzed the critical links of new process in details and comprehensively tested the optical performance, anti-bend performance, welding performance and mechanical environment performance of optical fiber.
4. Elaborated the process of manufacturing active optical fiber with MCVD and solute doping, studied the manufacturing process of bismuth-doped optical fiber to obtain the near-infrared luminescent bismuth-doped optical fiber series with ultra wide band, experimentally observed the luminescent properties of optical fiber and preform rod, analyzed and discussed the luminescent source of bismuth; the luminescence of1100nm wave band is attributable to the transition of Bi0from2D32(1) to4S32and1300nm wave band to the transition of Bi+from3P1to3P0. The obtained optical fiber is expected to become the ideal gain medium for wideband amplification and tuned laser.
5. Prepared the erbium and bismuth-doped optical fiber preform rod and observed the common luminous phenomenon of erbium and bismuth; the experimental results are of instructive significance for developing new wideband amplification optical fiber materials and the prepared erbium and bismuth-doped optical fiber preform rod is expected to be used for the study on the new amplifier with1.3um window and S wave band.
为此,本文开展了非零色散位移光纤(NZDSF)结构设计与制造工艺研究,在SiO2-Al2O3-GeO材料中,进行了掺铋光纤和铒铋共掺预制棒的研制,完成的主要工作包括：
1.深入了解光纤通信技术的发展趋势,详细阐述了NZDSF设计与制造工艺相关基础知识,包括光纤的基本性能、结构、标准、常规产品主要性能指标,用以指导光纤产品设计与制造工艺研究。归纳总结了光放大器的种类与现状,为掺铋光纤和铒铋共掺预制棒材料的研制奠定了理论基础。
2.设计了一种降低芯层折射率差的NZDSF结构模型,系统研究了构成折射率剖面的各个参数对光纤波导性能的影响,通过调整结构参数,给出了系列大有效面积NZDSF设计,包括两种同时满足G.655D及G.656标准,G.655E及G.656标准的正色散和一种负色散的NZDSF产品。优化了1550nm色散系数和色散斜率,将零色散波长由1500nm附近移到1450nm以下,可支持S+C+L工作波长的密集波分复用系统。
3.详细阐述了MCVD工艺原理和设备,进行了MCVD+OVD混合制造工艺的实验研究和光纤性能评价。为提高光纤生产效率,提出了一种新的MCVD+VAD混合预制棒工艺技术,系统研究了采用新工艺制造NZDSF的工艺过程,详细分析了新工艺方法的关键环节,并全面测试了光纤的光学性能、抗弯曲性能、熔接性能、机械环境性能。
4.阐述了MCVD结合溶液掺杂制造有源光纤的工艺,研究了掺铋光纤的制作工艺,获得具有超宽带近红外发光的掺铋光纤系列,实验观测了光纤与预制棒的发光性能,分析讨论了铋的发光起源,1100nm波段的发光可归于Bi0的2D3/2(1)→S3/2跃迁,1300nm波段的发光可归于Bi+的3P1→3P0跃迁。所得光纤有望成为宽带放大和调谐激光器的理想增益介质。
5.制备了铒铋共掺的光纤预制棒,观测到铒铋共同发光现象,实验结果对于开发新型宽带放大光纤材料有指导意义,所制备的铒铋共掺预制棒可望用于1.3um窗口和S波段新型放大器的研究。
In recent years, the explosive growth of computer network and data service provided substantial demands on transmission bandwidth. To increase transmission rate, expand the operation wavelength of silica optical fiber and increase communication channels are the preferred methods for increasing transmission capacity. The increase of optical fiber performance is mainly reflected by the increase of dispersion coefficient, decrease of dispersion slope, decrease of intrinsic loss, increase of effective area, expansion of operation wavelength, etc. The existing light amplification technology cannot well meet the demands on effective gain on new operation wavelength. Therefore, developing the new comprehensively optimized transmission fiber and new broadband near-infrared luminescent fiber has become the hot spot of fiber optic technology research.
For this purpose, the thesis studies on the structural design and manufacturing process of Non-zero dispersion shifted fiber (NZDSF) and on the development of bismuth-doped optical fiber and erbium and bismuth co-doped preform rod for SiO2-Al2O3-GeO2material. The major completed work includes:
1. Deeply understood the development trend of fiber-optical communication technology and elaborated relevant elementary knowledge on NZDSF design and manufacturing process in details, including the basic performance, structure and standards of optical fiber and main performance indexes of conventional products, which are used for guiding the study on design and manufacturing process of optical fiber products; concluded and summarized the variety and status quo of optical amplifiers, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of bismuth-doped optical fiber and erbium and bismuth-doped preform rods.
2. Designed a NZDSF structural model to reduce the refractivity of core, systematically researched the impact of refractive index profile's parameters on the waveguide performance of optical fiber and provided NZDSF design with large effective area, including two NZDSF products with positive dispersion and one NZDSF product with negative dispersion that meet the G.655D&G.656and G.655E&G.656standards; optimized1550nm abbe number and dispersion slope, and moved zero dispersion wavelength from near1500nm to below1450nm to support the dense wavelength division multiplexing system with the S+C+L operation wavelength.
3. Elaborated the principle of MCVD technology and equipment in details, conducted experimental study on MCVD+OVD mixed manufacturing technology and evaluated the performance of optical fiber; proposed a new mixed technology for MCVD+VAD preform rod to enhance the production efficiency of optical fiber, systematically studied the NZDSF manufacturing process with a new technology, analyzed the critical links of new process in details and comprehensively tested the optical performance, anti-bend performance, welding performance and mechanical environment performance of optical fiber.
4. Elaborated the process of manufacturing active optical fiber with MCVD and solute doping, studied the manufacturing process of bismuth-doped optical fiber to obtain the near-infrared luminescent bismuth-doped optical fiber series with ultra wide band, experimentally observed the luminescent properties of optical fiber and preform rod, analyzed and discussed the luminescent source of bismuth; the luminescence of1100nm wave band is attributable to the transition of Bi0from2D32(1) to4S32and1300nm wave band to the transition of Bi+from3P1to3P0. The obtained optical fiber is expected to become the ideal gain medium for wideband amplification and tuned laser.
5. Prepared the erbium and bismuth-doped optical fiber preform rod and observed the common luminous phenomenon of erbium and bismuth; the experimental results are of instructive significance for developing new wideband amplification optical fiber materials and the prepared erbium and bismuth-doped optical fiber preform rod is expected to be used for the study on the new amplifier with1.3um window and S wave band.
引文
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