珍妮的个性化进程
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摘要
佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿(Zora Neale Hurston,1891-1960)是非裔美国文学重要的女性作家。她是小说家、民俗学家、剧作家和人类学家。她被认为是黑人女性文学之母。艾丽斯·沃克和托尼·莫里森及其他黑人女作家都受到她的影响。她的作品体现了黑人女性的觉醒,被看作是黑人女性文学的里程碑。《他们眼望上苍》(1937)被认为是佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿最优秀的作品。1937年这部作品刚发表时,并未受到今天的这种关注。自从20世纪70年代以来,佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿以及她的作品获得了人们的重新发掘和评价,关于赫斯顿和她的作品有很多的研究。大多数的研究是从女性主义、后殖民主义、跨文化角度和民俗角度展开的。本文拟从一个不同的角度—荣格的原型理论来分析这部作品。
论文共分为三个部分。第一部分介绍了佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿和她的作品《他们眼望上苍》以及作品的研究现状。并且介绍了荣格的原型理论,即人格面具、阿尼姆斯和个性化。第二部分是论文的主体部分包含三个章节。第一章介绍了珍妮个性化的最初阶段,遭遇人格面具,通过分析,论文指出珍妮作为依恋南尼的孩子和她的第一次婚姻体现了珍妮个性化的最初阶段；第二章介绍了个性化的深入阶段,从珍妮的阿尼姆斯的束缚到实现；第三章介绍了珍妮个性化的实现。最后一部分是结论部分。通过珍妮在个性化实现过程中应付原型三个重要阶段的分析,得出结论珍妮通过斗争最终实现了个性化的进程。
Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) is a very important feminist writer in African-American literature. She was a novelist, folklorist, playwright and anthropologist. She is regarded as the mother of black feminist literature. Alice Walker, Toni Morrison and many other black women writers are influenced by her. Her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God embodies the awakening of black women and are considered milestone in black feminist literature. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) is considered one of the best works of Zora Neale Hurston. When published in 1937, it didn't draw much attention as it receives today. Since 1970 Zora Neale Hurston has received much more attention and her works have been reevaluated. There are many researches and studies about Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Most of the studies are from the perspectives of feminism, post-colonialism, cross-culture and folklore. This paper aims to analyze the novel from a different perspective—Jungian Archetypal Theory.
This thesis is composed of three parts. The first part introduces the author Zora Neale Hurston and her work Their Eyes Were Watching God and researches at home and abroad, and also the theory of archetype of Jung, that is persona, animus and individuation. The second part is the body of the thesis which includes three chapters. Chapter One introduces the first stage of the process of Janie's individuation, that is confronting persona. Through the analysis, the thesis shows that Janie's dependent on Nanny and her first marriage embody the initial stage of individuation. Chapter Two introduces the further stage of individuation, that is from the restriction of Janie's animus to its struggle and finally its realization. Chapter Three introduces the realization of Janie's individuation. The last part is conclusion. Through the analysis of Janie's dealing with three important archetypes in the process of individuation, a conclusion is reached that Janie realizes her way of individuation through her struggle.
论文共分为三个部分。第一部分介绍了佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿和她的作品《他们眼望上苍》以及作品的研究现状。并且介绍了荣格的原型理论,即人格面具、阿尼姆斯和个性化。第二部分是论文的主体部分包含三个章节。第一章介绍了珍妮个性化的最初阶段,遭遇人格面具,通过分析,论文指出珍妮作为依恋南尼的孩子和她的第一次婚姻体现了珍妮个性化的最初阶段；第二章介绍了个性化的深入阶段,从珍妮的阿尼姆斯的束缚到实现；第三章介绍了珍妮个性化的实现。最后一部分是结论部分。通过珍妮在个性化实现过程中应付原型三个重要阶段的分析,得出结论珍妮通过斗争最终实现了个性化的进程。
Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) is a very important feminist writer in African-American literature. She was a novelist, folklorist, playwright and anthropologist. She is regarded as the mother of black feminist literature. Alice Walker, Toni Morrison and many other black women writers are influenced by her. Her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God embodies the awakening of black women and are considered milestone in black feminist literature. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) is considered one of the best works of Zora Neale Hurston. When published in 1937, it didn't draw much attention as it receives today. Since 1970 Zora Neale Hurston has received much more attention and her works have been reevaluated. There are many researches and studies about Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Most of the studies are from the perspectives of feminism, post-colonialism, cross-culture and folklore. This paper aims to analyze the novel from a different perspective—Jungian Archetypal Theory.
This thesis is composed of three parts. The first part introduces the author Zora Neale Hurston and her work Their Eyes Were Watching God and researches at home and abroad, and also the theory of archetype of Jung, that is persona, animus and individuation. The second part is the body of the thesis which includes three chapters. Chapter One introduces the first stage of the process of Janie's individuation, that is confronting persona. Through the analysis, the thesis shows that Janie's dependent on Nanny and her first marriage embody the initial stage of individuation. Chapter Two introduces the further stage of individuation, that is from the restriction of Janie's animus to its struggle and finally its realization. Chapter Three introduces the realization of Janie's individuation. The last part is conclusion. Through the analysis of Janie's dealing with three important archetypes in the process of individuation, a conclusion is reached that Janie realizes her way of individuation through her struggle.
引文
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① Daniel S. Burt The Novel 100,2007, p.365.
② Ibid. p.366.
③ http://www.victoriasanders.com/zora-neale-hurston
④ http://www.paragonprep.com/Courses/English/English%20Books.htm
⑤ Alice Walker, "Zora Neale Hurston:A Cautionary talke and a Partisan View," in In Search of Our Mothers'Gardens, p.86.
① Michael Awkward, New Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God, Peking University Press,2007. p.51.
②Missy Dehn Kubitschek, "Tuh De Horizon and Back:The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God", p.110.
③Maria J. Racine, "Voice and Interiority in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God:, p.283.
① Klaus Benesch, "Oral Narrative and Literary Text:Afro-American Folklore in Their Eyes Were Watching God", p.627.
② Sandra Pouchet Paquet, "The Ancestor as Foundation in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Tar Baby." p.499.
③ Claire Crabtree, "The Confluence of Folklore, Feminism and Black Self-Determination in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." p.55.
① Guerin.L. Wilfred, ed. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Beijing, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.2004. p.180.
① Sharp, Daryl. Jung Lexicon:A Primer of Terms & Concepts, University of Toronto Press,1991. p.67.
② Calvin S.Hall & Vernon J. Nordby. A Primer of Jungian Psychology, New American Library,1973. p.41.
③ Hall S. Calvin & Nordby J. Vernon. A Primer ofJungian Psychology. New York:Penguin Books Ltd,1999. p.46.
①Sharp, Daryl. Jung Lexicon:A Primer of Terms & Concepts, University of Toronto Press,1991. p.123.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.20.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.37.
② Ibid. P.28
①Hurston,Zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.41.
②Ibid.p.42.
③Ibid.P.29.
④Ibid.p.41.
⑤Ibid.P.38.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.46.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978.p.52.
② Ibid. p.51.
③ Emma J. Waters Dawson, "Redemption Through Redemption of the Self in Their Eyes Were Watching God and the Color Purple", in Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston:The Common Bond. ed. Lillie P. Howard. p.73.
④ Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978.p.53.
⑤ Ibid. p.49.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.69.
①Hurston,zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.111.
②Ibid.p.119.
③Ibid.p.111.
④Ibid.p.118.
⑤Ibid.p.172.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.51.
② Ibid. p.53.
③ Ibid. p.45.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978.p.53.
② Ibid. p.110.
③ Ibid. p.117.
①Hurston,Zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.112.
②Ibid.p.91.
③Ibid.p.123.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.133.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.146.
②Ibid.p.165.
③ Ibid. p.169.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.199.
②Ibid. p.200.
③Ibid. p.199.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.218.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.275.
② Ibid.p.278.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.280.
②Ibid. p.10.
①Hurston,Zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.284.
②Ibid.p.284.
③Ibid.p.286.
④Ibid.p.284.
[2]Awkward, Michael. Inspiriting Influence:Tradition, Revision and Afro-American Women's Novels.
[3]. New York:Columbia Up,1989
[4]Bloom, Harold, Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. [M]. New York:Chelsea House Publishers,1987
[5]Boyd, Valerie. Wrapped in Rainbows:the Life of Zora Neale Hurston. [M]. New York:Scribner,2003
[6]Calvin S. Hall and Veron J. Nordby:A Primer of Jungian Psychology. [M]. Penguin Books Ltd.1999
[7]C.G.Jung. The Archetypes and The Collective Unconscious. [M].China Social Science Publishing House.1999
[8]Chinn, Nanny. "Like Love, a Moving Thing:Janie's Search for Self and God in "Their Eyes Were Watching God". [J]. South Atlantic Review, Vol.60,1995
[9]Christian, Babara. Black Feminist Criticism:Perspective on Women Writers.[M]. New York:Pergamon Press, Inc.,1985
[10]Clarke, Deborah. "The Porch Couldn't Talk for Looking:Voice and Vision in Their Eyes Were Watching God". [J]. African American Review, Vol.35,2001
[11]Croft, Robert Wayne. A Zora Neale Hurston Companion. [M]. Westport, Conn.:Greenwood Press, 2002.
[12]Cronin, Gloria L. Ed. Critical Essays on Zora Neale Hurston. [M]. New York:G.K. Hall & Co.1998
[13]Deborah L. Madsen. Feminist Theory and Literary Practice [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.
[14]Dawson, Emma J. Waters. Images of the Afro-American female Character in Jean Toomer's Cane, Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Alice Walker's The Color Purple. [M]. Florida: University of South Floride,1987
[15]Freeman, Alm S. "Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker:a Spiritual Kinship". [J].Sage, Vol.2,1985
[16]Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Signifying Monkey---A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism. [J]. New York:Oxford University Press,1988
[17]Gates, Henry Louis and K.A. Appiah, ed. Zora Neale Hurston:Critical Perspectives Past and Present. [M]. New York:Amistad Press, Inc.,1993.
[18]Giles, James R. "The Significance of Time in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." Negro American Literature Forum, Vol.6,1972
[19]Harris, Trudier. The Power of the Porch:The Storyteller's Craft in Zora Neale Hurston, Gloria Naylor, and Randall Kenan. [M]. Athens, London:The University of Georgia Press,1996.
[20]Hemanway, Robert E. Zora Neale Hurston:A Literary Biography. [M]. Urbana, Chicago:University of Illinois Press,1980.
[21]Howard, Lillie P. Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston:The Common Bond. [M]. Westport: Greenwood Press,1993.
[22]Hubbard, Dolan. "Ah Said Ah'd Save De Text for You":Recontextualizing the Sermon to Tell (Her) Story in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God". [J]. African American Review, Vol.27, 1993
[23]Hurston, Zora Neale. Dust Tracks on a Road. [M]. New York:Harper Perennial,1991.
[24]Jordan, Jennifer. "Feminist fantasies:Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, [M].Vol.7,1988
[25]Karanja, Ayaba I. Zora Neale Hurston---The Breath of Her Voice. [M]. New York:Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.,1999.
[26]Lyons, Mary E. Sorrow's Kitchen:The Life and Folklore of Zora Neale Hurston. [M]. New York: Scribner's,1990.
[27]Marks, Donald R. "Sex, Violence, and Organic Consciousness in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." [J]. Black American Literature Forum, Vol.19,1985
[28]McCredie, Wendy J. "Authority and Authorization in Their Eyes Were Watching God". [J]. Black American Literature Forum, Vol.16,1982
[29]McKay, Nellie Y. "Crayon Enlargements of Life":Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God as Autobiography. [M].1990
[30]Meisenhelder, Susan Edwards. Hitting a Straight Lick with a Crooked Stick:Race and Gender in the Work of Zora Neale Hurston. [M]. Tuscaloosa:The University of Alabama Press,1999
[31]Miles, Diana. Women, Violence,& Testimony in the Works of Zora Neale Hurston. [M]. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.,2003
[32]Newson,Adele S. Zora Neale Hurston:A Reference Guide. [M].Boston:G.K. Hall & Co.,1987.
[33]Walker, Alice. In Search of Our Mothers'Gardens:Womanist Prose. San Diego, New York:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,1983.
[34]Wright, Richard. "Between Laughter and Tears". [M]. New Masses,1937
[35]毕海荣.试论《他们眼望上苍》中女性的自我追求[D].硕士学位论文.山东：山东师范大学,2007
[36]常耀信.《美国文学史》,[M].天津：南开大学出版社,1998
[37]陈光明.《他们的眼睛望着上帝》的女性主义主题[J].安庆师范学院学报,2002年第4期
[38]陈广兴.他们眼望上苍的民间狂欢节因素探讨[J].外国文学研究,2005(4)
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① Daniel S. Burt The Novel 100,2007, p.365.
② Ibid. p.366.
③ http://www.victoriasanders.com/zora-neale-hurston
④ http://www.paragonprep.com/Courses/English/English%20Books.htm
⑤ Alice Walker, "Zora Neale Hurston:A Cautionary talke and a Partisan View," in In Search of Our Mothers'Gardens, p.86.
① Michael Awkward, New Essays on Their Eyes Were Watching God, Peking University Press,2007. p.51.
②Missy Dehn Kubitschek, "Tuh De Horizon and Back:The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God", p.110.
③Maria J. Racine, "Voice and Interiority in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God:, p.283.
① Klaus Benesch, "Oral Narrative and Literary Text:Afro-American Folklore in Their Eyes Were Watching God", p.627.
② Sandra Pouchet Paquet, "The Ancestor as Foundation in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Tar Baby." p.499.
③ Claire Crabtree, "The Confluence of Folklore, Feminism and Black Self-Determination in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." p.55.
① Guerin.L. Wilfred, ed. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Beijing, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.2004. p.180.
① Sharp, Daryl. Jung Lexicon:A Primer of Terms & Concepts, University of Toronto Press,1991. p.67.
② Calvin S.Hall & Vernon J. Nordby. A Primer of Jungian Psychology, New American Library,1973. p.41.
③ Hall S. Calvin & Nordby J. Vernon. A Primer ofJungian Psychology. New York:Penguin Books Ltd,1999. p.46.
①Sharp, Daryl. Jung Lexicon:A Primer of Terms & Concepts, University of Toronto Press,1991. p.123.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.20.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.37.
② Ibid. P.28
①Hurston,Zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.41.
②Ibid.p.42.
③Ibid.P.29.
④Ibid.p.41.
⑤Ibid.P.38.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.46.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978.p.52.
② Ibid. p.51.
③ Emma J. Waters Dawson, "Redemption Through Redemption of the Self in Their Eyes Were Watching God and the Color Purple", in Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston:The Common Bond. ed. Lillie P. Howard. p.73.
④ Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978.p.53.
⑤ Ibid. p.49.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.69.
①Hurston,zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.111.
②Ibid.p.119.
③Ibid.p.111.
④Ibid.p.118.
⑤Ibid.p.172.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.51.
② Ibid. p.53.
③ Ibid. p.45.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978.p.53.
② Ibid. p.110.
③ Ibid. p.117.
①Hurston,Zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.112.
②Ibid.p.91.
③Ibid.p.123.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.133.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.146.
②Ibid.p.165.
③ Ibid. p.169.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.199.
②Ibid. p.200.
③Ibid. p.199.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.218.
① Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.275.
② Ibid.p.278.
①Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God., University of Illinois Press.1978. p.280.
②Ibid. p.10.
①Hurston,Zora Neale.Their Eyes Were Watching God.,University of Illinois Press.1978.p.284.
②Ibid.p.284.
③Ibid.p.286.
④Ibid.p.284.