《我带你去那儿》的文学伦理学解读
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摘要
乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨是当代美国文坛最著名也是最多产的作家之一,被誉为“作家中的作家”。她的作品使她囊括了美国所有重要的文学奖项,并多次获诺贝尔奖提名。在国外,欧茨的作品一直备受关注,虽然国内学术界近年来也对其作品越来越关注,但对欧茨作品的文学批评多局限在暴力和女性主义主题以及她对多种文学题材和体裁的实验性探索方面,鲜有发现从伦理学视角研究欧茨的作品。本文试图运用文学伦理学的批评方法从人与社会,人与他人,人与自我三个方面探讨《我带你去那儿》中欧茨对人性的刻画,以便更好地理解欧茨的人文伦理思想。
本文共由六部分组成。
第一章是论文的引言部分。这一章简单介绍了欧茨的生平,代表作品及《我带你去那儿》的故事梗概。重点在第三部分介绍了欧茨及其作品的国内外研究现状。
第二章介绍了聂珍钊教授等中国学者所倡导的文学伦理学方法的概念和应用范围以及这一理论的国内发展现状。提出本文运用文学伦理学批评方法探索《我带你去那儿》中的伦理思想。
第三章研究人与社会的关系。二战后的美国,种族歧视严重,社会公正无法保障。整个社会物欲横流,金钱成为衡量一切的标准。人与社会的矛盾冲突加剧,进而导致人们生活不幸,社会动荡不安。
第四章探讨人与他人的关系。通过分析主人公阿尼利亚与家人,情人及同学和老师的关系展现了美国社会人与他人之间的冷淡关系。人们只顾追求个人利益,相互之间缺少关爱和理解。
第五章论述了人与自我的关系。阿尼利亚在经历了一系列生存与精神层面的双重磨难后,最终战胜自己,战胜过去找回了曾经迷失的自我。
第六章是论文的结论部分。本论文认为欧茨在作品中无情地揭示了人性中的利己本性和美国社会的阴暗面。然而,她没有一味停留在揭露和批判的层面,而是呼吁建构一个基于共同意识与关怀伦理之上的和谐社会,展现了欧茨以爱代替疏离与冷漠的人文情怀。
Joyce Carol Oates is one of the most important and prolific contemporary American writers, who has received a great deals of awards and has been nominated several times for Nobel Prize in literature. The academia abroad has been studying her works for several decades; while at home, the research on her works is still on primary stage which is not sufficient for such an important writer. The previous studies mainly concentrate on the issues of violence and feminism and her experimentation in different styles and genres. There has been little study and research at home approaching to Oates’s works from ethical perspective. Therefore, this thesis attempts to reveal Oates’s ethical ideas and her understanding about human nature by applying the method of ethical literary criticism to her work I’ll Take You There.
The thesis comprises six chapters.
Chapter one is the introduction of the thesis, in which Oates’s life experience and the literature reviews about her works are presented.
Chapter two is the theoretical basis of this thesis. It introduces the main ideas of ethical literary criticism advocated by Professor Nie and its development status in China.
From Chapter three to Chapter five, these three chapters are the main body of the thesis. Chapter three discusses the relationship between man and society. After Second World War, racial discrimination is very severe and social justice cannot be protected, which strengthened the contradiction between an individual and society. Chapter four makes a study on the relationship between man and others and lack of love and concerns through the analysis of the relationships between Anellia and her families, her black lovers and her classmates and teachers. Chapter five explores the relationship between man and oneself, in which it analyzes the process of Anellia’s self-recognition and the pursuit of self-identity and her struggle out of the double dilemma in both her survival and spiritual life.
Chapter six is the conclusion. It makes a summary of the ethical issue in this novella from three aspects and tries to manifest that ethical literary criticism provides a new way to understand Oates’s communal consciousness and humanistic ideas.
本文共由六部分组成。
第一章是论文的引言部分。这一章简单介绍了欧茨的生平,代表作品及《我带你去那儿》的故事梗概。重点在第三部分介绍了欧茨及其作品的国内外研究现状。
第二章介绍了聂珍钊教授等中国学者所倡导的文学伦理学方法的概念和应用范围以及这一理论的国内发展现状。提出本文运用文学伦理学批评方法探索《我带你去那儿》中的伦理思想。
第三章研究人与社会的关系。二战后的美国,种族歧视严重,社会公正无法保障。整个社会物欲横流,金钱成为衡量一切的标准。人与社会的矛盾冲突加剧,进而导致人们生活不幸,社会动荡不安。
第四章探讨人与他人的关系。通过分析主人公阿尼利亚与家人,情人及同学和老师的关系展现了美国社会人与他人之间的冷淡关系。人们只顾追求个人利益,相互之间缺少关爱和理解。
第五章论述了人与自我的关系。阿尼利亚在经历了一系列生存与精神层面的双重磨难后,最终战胜自己,战胜过去找回了曾经迷失的自我。
第六章是论文的结论部分。本论文认为欧茨在作品中无情地揭示了人性中的利己本性和美国社会的阴暗面。然而,她没有一味停留在揭露和批判的层面,而是呼吁建构一个基于共同意识与关怀伦理之上的和谐社会,展现了欧茨以爱代替疏离与冷漠的人文情怀。
Joyce Carol Oates is one of the most important and prolific contemporary American writers, who has received a great deals of awards and has been nominated several times for Nobel Prize in literature. The academia abroad has been studying her works for several decades; while at home, the research on her works is still on primary stage which is not sufficient for such an important writer. The previous studies mainly concentrate on the issues of violence and feminism and her experimentation in different styles and genres. There has been little study and research at home approaching to Oates’s works from ethical perspective. Therefore, this thesis attempts to reveal Oates’s ethical ideas and her understanding about human nature by applying the method of ethical literary criticism to her work I’ll Take You There.
The thesis comprises six chapters.
Chapter one is the introduction of the thesis, in which Oates’s life experience and the literature reviews about her works are presented.
Chapter two is the theoretical basis of this thesis. It introduces the main ideas of ethical literary criticism advocated by Professor Nie and its development status in China.
From Chapter three to Chapter five, these three chapters are the main body of the thesis. Chapter three discusses the relationship between man and society. After Second World War, racial discrimination is very severe and social justice cannot be protected, which strengthened the contradiction between an individual and society. Chapter four makes a study on the relationship between man and others and lack of love and concerns through the analysis of the relationships between Anellia and her families, her black lovers and her classmates and teachers. Chapter five explores the relationship between man and oneself, in which it analyzes the process of Anellia’s self-recognition and the pursuit of self-identity and her struggle out of the double dilemma in both her survival and spiritual life.
Chapter six is the conclusion. It makes a summary of the ethical issue in this novella from three aspects and tries to manifest that ethical literary criticism provides a new way to understand Oates’s communal consciousness and humanistic ideas.
引文
Bastian, Katherine. Joyce Carol Oates’s Short Stories between Tradition and Innovation [M]. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1983
Bender Eileen, Teper. Joyce Carol Oates: Artist In Residence[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987
Bloom, Harold. Modern Critical Views: Joyce Carol Oates[C]. New York: Chelsea House, 1987
Cologne-Brookes, Gavin. Dark Eyes on America: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005
Creighton, Joanne V. Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Boston: Twayne, 1979
-----. Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years [M]. New York: Twayne, 1992
Daly, Brenda. Lavish Self-Divisions: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996
Friedman, Ellen G. Friedman. Joyce Carol Oates [M]. New York: Ungar, 1980
Grant, Mary Kathryn. The Tragic Vision of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1978
Johnson, Greg. Understanding Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987
-----. Joyce Carol Oates: A Study of the Short Fiction [M]. New York: Twayne, 1994
-----. Invisible Writer: A Biography of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. New York: Dutton, 1998
Lercangée, Francine. Joyce Carol Oates: An Annotated Bibliography [M]. New York: Garland, 1986
Loeb, Monica. Literary Marriages: A Study of Intertextuality in a Series of Short Stories by Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2002
Milazzo, Lee (ed). Conversations with Joyce Carol Oates [C]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1989
MayeSigrid﹠Hanscom, Martha. Critical Reception of the Short Fiction by Joyce Carol Oates and Gabriele Wohmann [M]. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1998
Norman, Torborg. Isolation and Contact: A Study of Character Relationships in Joyce Carol Oates's Short Stories 1963-1980 [M]. Goteborg, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1984
Oates, Joyce Carol. I’ll Take You There [M]. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2002 Severin, Hermann. The Image of the Intellectual in the Short Stories of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1986
Sreelakshmi, P. Elective Affinities: A Study in the Sources and Intertexts of Joyce Carol Oates's Short Fiction [M]. Madras: T.R. Publications, 1996
Waller, G. F. Dreaming America: Obsession and Transcendence in the Fiction of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979
Watanabe, Nancy Ann. Love Eclipsed: Joyce Carol Oates's Faustian Moral Vision [M]. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1998
Wesley, Marilyn C. Refusal and Transgression in Joyce Carol Oates' Fiction [M]. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993
车凤成.文学伦理学批评内涵再思考[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2009,8,第2卷,第4期,123-128.
弗﹒斯卡皮蒂著,刘泰星,张世灏译.美国社会问题[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1986.
顾玲.评欧茨小说创作中的女性视角[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 2003,第30卷第3期,82-83.
高颖娜.《我带你去那儿》中的隐喻与象征[J].天津外国语学院学报,2010,1,第17卷,第1期,49-54.
蒋海升.家庭伦理与幸福之家的构成元素[J].政工研究动态,2009,(2-3).
李定清.文学伦理学批评与人文精神建构[J].外国文学研究,2006(1):44-51.
李莉.友谊、爱情和自我三部曲----乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨的学院小说《我带你去那儿》的伦理思想[J].天津外国语学院学报,2009,7,第16卷,第4期,45-49.
刘茂生.文学伦理学批评方法的理论与实践-----兼评《英国文学的伦理学批评》[J].外国文学研究,2008(2):173-175.
刘英,栾红敏.学术竞争与群体关怀:乔伊斯·凯洛·欧茨的“学院小说”主题研究[J]. 外语教学,2008,5,第29卷,第3期,46-49.
李颖.论欧茨作品中暴力的内涵[D].南京:南京师范大学,2008.
陆耀东.关于文学伦理学批评的几个问题[J].外国文学研究,2006(1):32-35.
龙云.文学与伦理学:文学伦理学批评发展的“自由空间”[J].外国文学研究,2009(1):7-15.
聂珍钊.关于文学伦理学批评[J].外国文学研究,2005(1):8-11.
------.文学伦理学批评:文学批评方法新探索[J].外国文学研究,2004(5):16-24.
------.文学伦理学批评:基本理论与术语[J].外国文学研究,2010(1):12-22.
------.文学伦理学批评与道德批评[J].外国文学研究,2006(2):8-17.
潘光,陈超南,余建华著.犹太文明[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999.
乔国强.美国犹太文学[M].商务印书馆,2008.
------.文学伦理学批评之管见[J].外国文学研究,2005(1):24-27.
乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨著.顾韶阳译,我带你去那儿[M].人民文学出版社,2005.
单雪梅.乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨小说世界中的女性群像[J].四川外语学院学报, 2003(7):63-67.
修树新,刘建军.文学伦理学批评的现状和走向[J].外国文学研究,2008(4):164-170.
王阿芳,王新杰.悲哀的夏娃-----欧茨小说中的悲剧性女性探析[J].白城师范学院学报,2005,第19卷,第2期,70-71.
王弋璇.暴力与冲突----乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨小说的空间性[D].上海:上海外国语大学,2008.
张杰,刘增美.文学伦理学批评的多元主义阐释[J].外国文学研究,2007(5)137-143.
张贞宣.永无休止的暴力循环----从莫琳看欧茨笔下的暴力世界[J].河北理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2008,11,第8卷,第4期,207-210.
邹建军.文学伦理学批评的独立品质与兼容品格[J].外国文学研究,2005(6):7-13.
http://www.reaaward.org/html/joyce_carol_oates.html
http://www.baltimoresun.com
http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3441/the-art-of-fiction-no-72-joyce-carol-oates
Bender Eileen, Teper. Joyce Carol Oates: Artist In Residence[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987
Bloom, Harold. Modern Critical Views: Joyce Carol Oates[C]. New York: Chelsea House, 1987
Cologne-Brookes, Gavin. Dark Eyes on America: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005
Creighton, Joanne V. Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Boston: Twayne, 1979
-----. Joyce Carol Oates: Novels of the Middle Years [M]. New York: Twayne, 1992
Daly, Brenda. Lavish Self-Divisions: The Novels of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996
Friedman, Ellen G. Friedman. Joyce Carol Oates [M]. New York: Ungar, 1980
Grant, Mary Kathryn. The Tragic Vision of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1978
Johnson, Greg. Understanding Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987
-----. Joyce Carol Oates: A Study of the Short Fiction [M]. New York: Twayne, 1994
-----. Invisible Writer: A Biography of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. New York: Dutton, 1998
Lercangée, Francine. Joyce Carol Oates: An Annotated Bibliography [M]. New York: Garland, 1986
Loeb, Monica. Literary Marriages: A Study of Intertextuality in a Series of Short Stories by Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2002
Milazzo, Lee (ed). Conversations with Joyce Carol Oates [C]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1989
MayeSigrid﹠Hanscom, Martha. Critical Reception of the Short Fiction by Joyce Carol Oates and Gabriele Wohmann [M]. Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1998
Norman, Torborg. Isolation and Contact: A Study of Character Relationships in Joyce Carol Oates's Short Stories 1963-1980 [M]. Goteborg, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1984
Oates, Joyce Carol. I’ll Take You There [M]. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2002 Severin, Hermann. The Image of the Intellectual in the Short Stories of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1986
Sreelakshmi, P. Elective Affinities: A Study in the Sources and Intertexts of Joyce Carol Oates's Short Fiction [M]. Madras: T.R. Publications, 1996
Waller, G. F. Dreaming America: Obsession and Transcendence in the Fiction of Joyce Carol Oates [M]. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979
Watanabe, Nancy Ann. Love Eclipsed: Joyce Carol Oates's Faustian Moral Vision [M]. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1998
Wesley, Marilyn C. Refusal and Transgression in Joyce Carol Oates' Fiction [M]. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1993
车凤成.文学伦理学批评内涵再思考[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2009,8,第2卷,第4期,123-128.
弗﹒斯卡皮蒂著,刘泰星,张世灏译.美国社会问题[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1986.
顾玲.评欧茨小说创作中的女性视角[J].河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 2003,第30卷第3期,82-83.
高颖娜.《我带你去那儿》中的隐喻与象征[J].天津外国语学院学报,2010,1,第17卷,第1期,49-54.
蒋海升.家庭伦理与幸福之家的构成元素[J].政工研究动态,2009,(2-3).
李定清.文学伦理学批评与人文精神建构[J].外国文学研究,2006(1):44-51.
李莉.友谊、爱情和自我三部曲----乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨的学院小说《我带你去那儿》的伦理思想[J].天津外国语学院学报,2009,7,第16卷,第4期,45-49.
刘茂生.文学伦理学批评方法的理论与实践-----兼评《英国文学的伦理学批评》[J].外国文学研究,2008(2):173-175.
刘英,栾红敏.学术竞争与群体关怀:乔伊斯·凯洛·欧茨的“学院小说”主题研究[J]. 外语教学,2008,5,第29卷,第3期,46-49.
李颖.论欧茨作品中暴力的内涵[D].南京:南京师范大学,2008.
陆耀东.关于文学伦理学批评的几个问题[J].外国文学研究,2006(1):32-35.
龙云.文学与伦理学:文学伦理学批评发展的“自由空间”[J].外国文学研究,2009(1):7-15.
聂珍钊.关于文学伦理学批评[J].外国文学研究,2005(1):8-11.
------.文学伦理学批评:文学批评方法新探索[J].外国文学研究,2004(5):16-24.
------.文学伦理学批评:基本理论与术语[J].外国文学研究,2010(1):12-22.
------.文学伦理学批评与道德批评[J].外国文学研究,2006(2):8-17.
潘光,陈超南,余建华著.犹太文明[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1999.
乔国强.美国犹太文学[M].商务印书馆,2008.
------.文学伦理学批评之管见[J].外国文学研究,2005(1):24-27.
乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨著.顾韶阳译,我带你去那儿[M].人民文学出版社,2005.
单雪梅.乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨小说世界中的女性群像[J].四川外语学院学报, 2003(7):63-67.
修树新,刘建军.文学伦理学批评的现状和走向[J].外国文学研究,2008(4):164-170.
王阿芳,王新杰.悲哀的夏娃-----欧茨小说中的悲剧性女性探析[J].白城师范学院学报,2005,第19卷,第2期,70-71.
王弋璇.暴力与冲突----乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨小说的空间性[D].上海:上海外国语大学,2008.
张杰,刘增美.文学伦理学批评的多元主义阐释[J].外国文学研究,2007(5)137-143.
张贞宣.永无休止的暴力循环----从莫琳看欧茨笔下的暴力世界[J].河北理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2008,11,第8卷,第4期,207-210.
邹建军.文学伦理学批评的独立品质与兼容品格[J].外国文学研究,2005(6):7-13.
http://www.reaaward.org/html/joyce_carol_oates.html
http://www.baltimoresun.com
http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3441/the-art-of-fiction-no-72-joyce-carol-oates