翻译研究的“新修辞”视角
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摘要
翻译理论和实践研究在过去半个多世纪以来有了长足的发展。从“语言学转向”开始,翻译研究经历了解构传统、突出译文目的、注重交际语用、从规定到描写、文化-社会学延伸、强调译者主体性等大大小小的“转向”。值得注意的是,近年来,被称为“U形转向”的提倡语言学研究方法复兴之风又悄然兴起。但是,这一翻译研究向语言学的回归并非回到原点,而是从多维度的视角对翻译本体进行分析,对翻译活动和翻译现象进行阐述,从而更有效地指导翻译实践。
分析近年来围绕翻译本体的讨论,我们已经有了语言(linguistic),文化(cultural),功能(functional),规范(normative)等切入点,取得了可喜的研究成果。但不可否认,一些基本但却至关重要的方面尚未得到足够重视。例如,译文受众偏离研究中心：对构成译文的要素——译文语言的象征力量缺乏关注等。在对宏观的、外部的因素倾注了太多关注的今天,更突显了这方面研究的不足。
从这一点出发,本文尝试引入从古典修辞学基础上继承和发展起来的当代西方修辞理论“新修辞”(New Rhetoric)。这是一门强调言辞以受众为中心、注重修辞者与受众的互动关系、重视话语象征力量、关注如何有效运用象征资源影响受众的综合性语言理论,突出修辞既是一种认知方法,也是一种社会实践的观点。
在对翻译和修辞之间的契合点进行阐述的基础上,论文尝试从现实出发,突出译语受众和语言象征这两个关键要素,对翻译活动重新思考定义；同时运用新修辞中的“戏剧五元模式”理论,重新审视翻译参加者,思考译者与受众的互动关系,提出在译者与受众之间建立合作伙伴关系的必要性。
在翻译现实特性日益突出的今天,我们有必要带着修辞意识认识和解释翻译活动,带着修辞意识进行翻译,关注作为社会文化一部分的语言作用于受众的象征性力量,以及如何根据不同语境和修辞形势,有效运用象征资源,通过与受众的互动和认同,让译文话语真正影响译语受众,实现翻译目的。这一点,对有效解决长期存在的外宣翻译质量问题也可提供新思路。简言之,从理论上看,新修辞理论可以提供认知翻译活动的新视角,丰富对翻译的认识；从实践来看,修辞意识的加入使翻译能够更好地服务现实,使其现实特性得到更好的体现。同时,本课题对改变翻译理论探讨中修辞等于修辞格或美文这样一种“前理解”或“传统”观念,重新认识修辞对翻译的作用和启发价值,也具有意义和价值。
The translation studies in our time has become an interdisciplinary endeavor marked by a plurality of approaches, covering a great variety of topics and methods. It has witnessed several "turns" in the process of its development, such as the "linguistic turn", the "deconstructionist turn", the "functionalist turn", the "communicative turn", the "descriptive turn", the "cultural-sociological turn" and the "translator's turn." What is taking shape in this field is a "U turn," a return to a focus on language itself. However, this does not mean a retreatment to the same old tradition. Rather, it signals a re-emphasis on the translation text itself by placing it within different frameworks and approaching it from all kinds of perspectives. By drawing on insights from linguistic analysis, translation scholars seek to better explain translation processes and to better guide the translation practice.
While we hail the great achievements translation studies has scored as a result of taking all the above-mentioned "turns," some very basic but important aspects are yet to be given due attention. For instance, the study of the audience in translation remains marginalized even though the term has been casually referred to all the time. And the translation as a special mode of symbolic power is similarly neglected, which is all the more striking if we consider the fact that too much attention has been given to macro and external factors of translation.
To address these issues, the dissertation tries to introduce "New Rhetoric", also understood as contemporary Western rhetorical theories, into the study of translation. Developed out of classic rhetoric, "New Rhetoric" is an integrated linguistic theory fully committed to the centrality of audience and its interaction with the rhetor, and with a dominant interest in studying how symbolic power is generated through effective use of symbolic resources in all discursive practices. Within its theoretical framework, rhetoric becomes a cognitive approach as well as a social practice.
Proceeding from where rhetoric and translation converge in the real-life discursive practices, the dissertation makes an attempt to redefine translation by rendering salient the audience and the verbal symbols as two of its key factors. Attempts are also made to apply contemporary rhetorician Kenneth Burke's notion of "dramatic pentad" to a reexamination of the participants in translation and, in particular, of the interactive relationship or cooperative partnership between the translator and the audience.
Ours has been a time when translation is becoming more and more oriented toward the "real world." It is imperative that we understand, explain and practice translation with a heightened rhetorical awareness. Major concerns should be given to the symbolic power generated by and embodied in all socio-cultural and discursive acts in terms of the influence these acts exert on those involved. Translation is no exception. In this regard, the "New Rhetoric" approach provides valuable insights into how translators could address their current concerns and, in particular, solve the perennial problem of poor quality of translation of publicity for an international audience. The introduction of "New Rhetoric" to translation and related discussions is both theoretically and practically illuminating. The project contributes to the correcting of translation scholars' "pre-understanding" or "traditional" conception of rhetoric as simply figurative or stylistic devices. And it also opens a new vista for a better understanding of translation in general, especially of its relevancy to the real-world concerns and needs.
分析近年来围绕翻译本体的讨论,我们已经有了语言(linguistic),文化(cultural),功能(functional),规范(normative)等切入点,取得了可喜的研究成果。但不可否认,一些基本但却至关重要的方面尚未得到足够重视。例如,译文受众偏离研究中心：对构成译文的要素——译文语言的象征力量缺乏关注等。在对宏观的、外部的因素倾注了太多关注的今天,更突显了这方面研究的不足。
从这一点出发,本文尝试引入从古典修辞学基础上继承和发展起来的当代西方修辞理论“新修辞”(New Rhetoric)。这是一门强调言辞以受众为中心、注重修辞者与受众的互动关系、重视话语象征力量、关注如何有效运用象征资源影响受众的综合性语言理论,突出修辞既是一种认知方法,也是一种社会实践的观点。
在对翻译和修辞之间的契合点进行阐述的基础上,论文尝试从现实出发,突出译语受众和语言象征这两个关键要素,对翻译活动重新思考定义；同时运用新修辞中的“戏剧五元模式”理论,重新审视翻译参加者,思考译者与受众的互动关系,提出在译者与受众之间建立合作伙伴关系的必要性。
在翻译现实特性日益突出的今天,我们有必要带着修辞意识认识和解释翻译活动,带着修辞意识进行翻译,关注作为社会文化一部分的语言作用于受众的象征性力量,以及如何根据不同语境和修辞形势,有效运用象征资源,通过与受众的互动和认同,让译文话语真正影响译语受众,实现翻译目的。这一点,对有效解决长期存在的外宣翻译质量问题也可提供新思路。简言之,从理论上看,新修辞理论可以提供认知翻译活动的新视角,丰富对翻译的认识；从实践来看,修辞意识的加入使翻译能够更好地服务现实,使其现实特性得到更好的体现。同时,本课题对改变翻译理论探讨中修辞等于修辞格或美文这样一种“前理解”或“传统”观念,重新认识修辞对翻译的作用和启发价值,也具有意义和价值。
The translation studies in our time has become an interdisciplinary endeavor marked by a plurality of approaches, covering a great variety of topics and methods. It has witnessed several "turns" in the process of its development, such as the "linguistic turn", the "deconstructionist turn", the "functionalist turn", the "communicative turn", the "descriptive turn", the "cultural-sociological turn" and the "translator's turn." What is taking shape in this field is a "U turn," a return to a focus on language itself. However, this does not mean a retreatment to the same old tradition. Rather, it signals a re-emphasis on the translation text itself by placing it within different frameworks and approaching it from all kinds of perspectives. By drawing on insights from linguistic analysis, translation scholars seek to better explain translation processes and to better guide the translation practice.
While we hail the great achievements translation studies has scored as a result of taking all the above-mentioned "turns," some very basic but important aspects are yet to be given due attention. For instance, the study of the audience in translation remains marginalized even though the term has been casually referred to all the time. And the translation as a special mode of symbolic power is similarly neglected, which is all the more striking if we consider the fact that too much attention has been given to macro and external factors of translation.
To address these issues, the dissertation tries to introduce "New Rhetoric", also understood as contemporary Western rhetorical theories, into the study of translation. Developed out of classic rhetoric, "New Rhetoric" is an integrated linguistic theory fully committed to the centrality of audience and its interaction with the rhetor, and with a dominant interest in studying how symbolic power is generated through effective use of symbolic resources in all discursive practices. Within its theoretical framework, rhetoric becomes a cognitive approach as well as a social practice.
Proceeding from where rhetoric and translation converge in the real-life discursive practices, the dissertation makes an attempt to redefine translation by rendering salient the audience and the verbal symbols as two of its key factors. Attempts are also made to apply contemporary rhetorician Kenneth Burke's notion of "dramatic pentad" to a reexamination of the participants in translation and, in particular, of the interactive relationship or cooperative partnership between the translator and the audience.
Ours has been a time when translation is becoming more and more oriented toward the "real world." It is imperative that we understand, explain and practice translation with a heightened rhetorical awareness. Major concerns should be given to the symbolic power generated by and embodied in all socio-cultural and discursive acts in terms of the influence these acts exert on those involved. Translation is no exception. In this regard, the "New Rhetoric" approach provides valuable insights into how translators could address their current concerns and, in particular, solve the perennial problem of poor quality of translation of publicity for an international audience. The introduction of "New Rhetoric" to translation and related discussions is both theoretically and practically illuminating. The project contributes to the correcting of translation scholars' "pre-understanding" or "traditional" conception of rhetoric as simply figurative or stylistic devices. And it also opens a new vista for a better understanding of translation in general, especially of its relevancy to the real-world concerns and needs.
引文
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press.1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006
② Paschalis Nikolaou, in Manuela Perteghella & Eugenia Loffredo, ed.,Translation and Creativity:Perspectives on Creative Writing and Translation Studies, Continuum,2006, p.ⅶ
③ Mary Snell-Hornby, The Turns of Translation Studies:New paradigms or shifting viewpoints? John Benjamins Publishing Co.2006
① Hatim, Basil, Teaching and Researching Translation,2001,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,p.10
② Mary Snell-Hornby, The Turns of Translation Studies:New paradigms or shifting viewpoints? John Benjamins Publishing Co.2006
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An International Encyclopedia of (?)ransiation Stuaies, water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York, 2005, p,291
④ James A.Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.2
① Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p. 568
②《现代汉语词典》商务印书馆,1979；《现代汉语词典》(汉英双语),外语教学与研究出版社,2002年增补本
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⑤刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第2页
① James A.Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, pp.4,12
② Burke, in Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp. 191-193
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① Eugene A.Nida,& Reyburn William, Meaning Across Cultures, Maryknoll of N.Y. Orbis Book,1981, p.39
③余立三,《英汉修辞比较与翻译》,商务印书馆,1985
② Peter Newmark,A Textbook of Translation, Prantice Hall,1988, p.42
④许高渝张建理,《20世纪汉外语言对比研究》,高等教育出版社,2006
⑤陈淑华,《英语修辞与翻译》,北京邮电大学出版,1990
①李定坤,《汉英辞格对比与翻译》,华中师范大学出版社,1994
②陈定安,《英汉修辞与翻译》,台湾书林出版有限公司,1996；中国青年出版社,2004
③张光明,《英汉修辞思维比较与翻译》,军事谊文出版社,2002
④郑雅丽,《英汉修辞互译导引》,暨南大学出版社,2004
⑤蒋童、钟厚涛,《英语修辞与翻译》,首都师范大学出版社,2008
⑥胡谷明,《篇章修辞与小说翻译》,上海译文出版社,2004
①常晖,《英语因果修辞与翻译》,湖南人民出版社,2009
②《外语研究》1998年第1期
③《外语研究》2001年第1期
④Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. p.10
⑤刘亚猛.《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,300页
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991；外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.127-130
② ibid, p.134
③ Claudia Carlos, "Translation as Rhetoric:Edward Jerningham's 'Impenitence'", Rhetoric Review, Volume 28, Issue 4, October 2009, pp.335-351
① Rita Copeland, Rhetoric, Hermeneutics, and Translation in the Middle Ages:Academic Traditions and Vernacular Texts, Cambridge University Press, April 28,1995
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,前言,19页
①黄德先,“译者形象的重建—伊恩·梅森访谈”,《东方翻译》,2010年第1期
①黄德先,“译者形象的重建—伊恩·梅森访谈”,《东方翻译》2010年第1期
①Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation, Oxford, Pergamon Press,1981,p.4
②除特别注明出处的,本文中的引文均为作者所译。
③Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993上海外语教育出版社,2003,p.1
① Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.17
② Basil Hatim, Teaching and Researching Translation,2001,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,p.ⅹⅸ
③杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》, 天津大学出版社,2009,第10页
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet, (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.2
② Cf. ibid.pp.12-13
③杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》,天津大学出版社,2009,19页
④赞宁,《宋高僧传》,中华书局,1987
⑤ Martha P. Y Cheung, A new interpretation of the earliest Chinese 'To translate' means 'to exchange'?--attempts to define translation ('fnyi') Target,17:1,2005, pp.27-48,
⑥罗新璋编,《翻译论集》,商务印书馆,1984,51页
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.17
③谭载喜,《西方翻译简史》(增订版), 商务印书馆,2004,20页
② ibid, p.21
④陈小慰,《语言·功能·翻译——汉英翻译理论与实践》,福建教育出版社,1998,第5页
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.42
② Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, pp.36,53
③ Matthew Arnold, "On Translating Homer", Selections from Arnold, ed. by Lewis E.Gates, Henry Holt & Co. ed. by Lewis E. Gates,1898, pp.41,43
④杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》,天津大学出版社,2009,171页。
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, pp.73,75,79;陈浪译,谢天振主编,《当代国外翻译理论导读》,南开大学出版社,2008,322,325,328-329页
② Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.77
③ ibid, pp.108,112
① Cited in Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained, St.Jerome Publishing Ltd.,1997,外语教学与研究出版社,2007,p.1
② J. C.Catford. A Linguistic Theorv of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press.1965. p.20
③ ibid.p.49
① J. C.Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press.1965, p.73
② Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999. p.152
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An zlnternational Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York,2005, p.287
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993. p.46
⑤ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001.pp.42-43
① Peter Newmark, About Translation, Multilingual Matters Limited,1991.pp.2-4
② Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation, Oxford, Pergamon Press,1981.p.39
③ Newmark, Anderman, Gunilla &. Rogers, Margaret, Translation Today:Trends and Perspectives,2003;外语教学与研究出版社,2006.pp.22-23
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993.p.163
⑤ George Steiner, After Babel:Aspects of Language and Translation, Oxford University Press,1998, p.1
⑥李文革,《西方翻译理论流派研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2004,259页
①Cited in Peter Fawcett,Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained,1997;外语教学与研究出版社,2007,p.4
②Mona Baker,In Other Words:A Courebook on Translation,1992;外语教学与研究出版社,2000,p.217
③ibid,p.219
④ibid,pp.259,223
① Juliane House. Translation Oualitv Assessment:A model revisited. Tubingen:Gunter Narr,1997.pp.30,32
② ibid,p.37
④ House, cited in Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,
③ ibid, p.29 1999.
⑤ Juliane House, Translation Quality Assessment:A model revisited, Tubingen:Gunter Narr,1997.p.29
⑥ in Mary Snell-Homby,, Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach,(?)上海外语教育出版社,2001,67
⑦ Ulla M Connor. Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second Language Writing, Cambridge University, 1996,p,121
① Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993. p.194
② George Steiner, After Babel:Aspects of Language and Translation, Oxford University Press,1975,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.67
③ Edwin Genztler. Contemporary Translation Theories. Routledee,1993, p.149
⑤ ibid, pp.158-159
④ ibid. p.158
①廖七一, 《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,76页
② Edwin Genztler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993. p.166
③ ibid. p.144
④廖七一, 《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,22页
⑤ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991,p.4
① cited in Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.10
② cited in ibid, p.12
③ Christiane Nord, "Text Analysis in Translator Training". Teaching Translation and Interpreting, ed.by Cay Dollerup and Anne Loddegaard, John Benjamins Publishing Company.1992, p.39
④ Mona Baker & Gabriela Saldanha (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies(second edition), Routledge, 2009,p.117
⑤ Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie. Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.189
⑥ ibid.
⑦ Schaffner, in Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.78
⑧ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991, p.28
①陈小慰,《语言·功能·翻译——汉英翻译理论与实践》,福建教育出版社,1998,第9页
② Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.125
③ Gunilla Anderman &. Margaret Rogers, Translation Today:Trends and Perspectives,2003,外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.57
④陈小慰,“翻译功能理论的启示——对某些翻译方法的新思考”,《中国翻译》2000年第4期
⑤同上
⑥ Vermeer, in Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.156；谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,213页
⑦ Mona Baker (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.235
⑧ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.78
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.117
② Gunilla Anderman &. Margaret Rogers, Translation Today:Trends and Perspectives,2003;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.55
③廖七一, 《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,49页
④ Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.163;(?)(?)载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,221页
⑤李文革,《西方翻译理论流派研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2004,35页
⑥ Itamar Even-Zohar, Polysystem Studies, Tel Aviv:The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham: Duke University Press. Special Iissue of Poetics Today,11(1).1990, p.2
① Itamar Even-Zohar, Polysystem Studies, Tel Aviv:The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham:
② Itamar Even-Zohar, Polysystem Studies, Tel Aviv:The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham: Duke University Press. Special Iissue of Poetics Today,11(1).1990, p.11 Duke University Press. Special Iissue of Poetics Today,11(1).1990, p.15
③ ibid.pp.37,39
④ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.1
①张南峰,“从边缘走向中心从多元系统论的角度看中国翻译研究的过去与未来”,《外国语》,2001年第4期
② Susan Bassnett & Andre Lefevere, Constructing Culture:Essays on Literary Translation,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.128
③ Meave Olahan, MA Lecture, CTIS, Manchester University,2009
④ Jean-Marc Gouanvic, Translation and the Shape of Things to Come:The emergence of American science fiction in post-war France, The Translator 3(2):125-152.1997, p.126
⑤ Andrew Chesterman, MonAKO Glossary, http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/monako/atk/glossary.shtml
⑥ James Holmes, Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies, Amsterdam,1988, pp.66-80; Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies-and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.10
① James Holmes, Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies, Amsterdam,1988, pp.71-78
② Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies- and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.10
③ ibid,p.55
① Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies-and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.56
② Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, pp.74-75
③ Ulla M Connor, Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second Language Writing, Cambridge University, 1996, pp.121-122
④ Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies- and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, pp.56-57
① Ibid. pp.58-59
② Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies- and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.57
③ Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.153
④ Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997, p.55
⑤ Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.81
⑥ Andrew Chesterman, From 'Is' to 'Ought':Laws, Norms and Strategies in Translation Studies, Target 5(1):1-20.John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam,1993, p.9
⑦ Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997, p.64
⑧ Andrew Chesterman, From 'Is' to 'Ought':Laws, Norms and Strategies in Translation Studies, Target 5(1):1-20.John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam,1993, p.9
① ibid. p.8; Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997, p.67
② Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing.1999.p.132
③ Andrew Chesterman,'From 'Is' to 'Ought':Laws, Norms and Strategies in Translation Studies', Target 5(1):1-20.John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam,1993, pp.8-9; Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997,pp.67-69;谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,180-181页
④ Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.85
⑤廖七一,“翻译规范及其研究途径”,《外语教学》,2009年第1期
⑥廖七一,《中国近代翻译思想的嬗变——五四前后文学翻译规范研究》,南开大学出版社,2010,第7页
⑦ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, P.133
①李文革,《西方翻译理论流派研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2004,192页
② Jean-Marc Gouanvic, Translation and the Shape of Things to Come:The emergence of American science fiction in post-war France, The Translator 3(2):125-152.1997, p.126
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in France, Peter (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000, p.22
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.182
⑤ Mary Snell-Hornby, Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach, J. Benjamins Pub. Co.1988;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.39
⑥ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.188
① Andrew Chesterman, ""On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies'"', Logos and Language, Vol. Ⅲ, No.1, 2002, p.2
② Susan Bassnett & AndreLefevere, Constructing Culture:Essays on Literary Translation,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2001,pp.123,135
③ Andre Lefevere, Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook,1992;上海外语教育出版社,2004a,p.14
④ ibid.p.8
⑤ Andrew Chesterman, MonAKO Glossary, http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/monako/atk/glossary.shtml
⑥ Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.147
① Andre Lefevere, Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004b,p.14
② Andre Lefevere, Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004b,p.41
③ ibid, p.14
④ ibid, p.15
⑤ ibid, p.39
⑥ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001,146
⑦ Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004.p.20
① Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.11
② Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999,132
③贺麦晓,“布狄厄的文学社会学思想”,《读书》,1996年第11期
④武光军,“翻译社会学研究的现状与问题”,《外国语》,2008年第1期
⑤ cf http://www.hudong.com/wiki
① Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999.p.131
② Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.106
③ Casanova, in Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.132
④ Jean-Marc Gouanvic, Bourdieusian theory of translation, or the coincidence of practical instances:field, habitus, capital and Illusio. The Translator,11(2):147-166.2005, pp.161-162
⑤ Gouanvic,2005, p.163,转引自武光军,“翻译社会学研究的现状与问题”,《外国语》,2008年第1期
① Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account, London:Routledge.2006, p.169
② Margaret Somers,'Narrativity, Narrative Identity, and Social Action:Rethinking English working-class formation', Social Science History 16(4):1992,591-630, p.600
③石永浩,“《翻译与冲突：一个叙事的视角》简评”,《中国翻译》,2007年第2期
④ Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account. London:Routledge.2006, p.2
⑥ ibid.p.33 ⑤ ibid.p.28
⑦ ibid.p.39
①Mona Baker,Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account.London: Routledge.2006.p.44
③ibid.p.106
②ibid.p.48
④ibid.p.106
⑤ibid.pp.112-122
⑥转引自黄海军,“叙事视角下的翻译研究”,《语言与语言研究》2008年第7期
①转引自李红满,“布迪厄与翻译社会学的理论建构”,《中国翻译》2007年第5期
②同上
③廖七一,《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,59页
④廖七一,赵彦春,《翻译学归结论》序言,上海外语教育出版社,2005,第15页
⑤同上,14页
⑥吕俊侯向群,“范式转换抑或视角转变”,《中国翻译》,2010年第1期
⑦张健稳梁海波,“文化学派：你还要走多远?——对文化学派翻译观的反思”,《山东文学》,2007年第10期
⑧ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in France, Peter (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000, p.23
① Gentzler, in王宁,《视角：翻译学研究》,第二卷,Cay Dollerup主编, 王宁中文版主编,清华大学出版社,2004,pp.10,19,21
② Andrew Chesterman, ""On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies"", Logos and Language, Vol.Ⅲ, No.1, 2002, p.1
① Andrew Chesterman, ""On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies'"', Logos and Language, Vol. Ⅲ, No.1, 2002, pp.3-4
② Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, p.4
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An international Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York,2005, p.290
④方梦之主编,《译学辞典》,上海外语教育出版社,2004,第1页
⑤ Venuti, in Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.3
① Snell-Homby,2006:151,转引自吕俊侯向群,“范式转换抑或视角转变”,《中国翻译》,2010年第1期
② Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained, St. Jerome Publishing Ltd.,1997;外语教学与研究出版社,2007.Foreword
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in Peter France (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000
④ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An international Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York,2005, p.291
① Mona Baker, 'The Pragmatics of Cross-Cultural Contact and Some False Dichotomies', CTIS Occasional Papers 1: 7-20.2001
①刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,27页
②James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.p.1
③关于该词译文,参见刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,16页,注2
④从莱庭徐鲁亚编著,《西方修辞学》,上海外语教育出版社,2007,18页
⑤刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,21,34页
① James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.pp.53-55
③亚里士多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,生活读书新知三联书店,1991年版,第23页
② Ibid, p.53
①刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,52页
②亚里士多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,生活读书新知三联书店1991年版,第23页
③同上,75页
④同上,164页
⑤James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.88
⑥胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》, 上海外语教育出版社,1999,第4页
①James A.Herrick,The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction.Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.p.97
②Cf.ibid.pp.101.102
③ibid.p.107
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.P.133
⑤同上,Pp.158-160
① James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. pp.158-159
②温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社.2006.13页
③ James A Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.183;刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,252页
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,258页
① James A Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, pp.183,185
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,250页
③ Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. p.10
①肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,70页
②同上,73页
③同上,70页
④同上,85页
⑤同上,97页
①肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,114-115页
②艾德温,引自同上,导论,13页
③伊格尔顿,《沃尔特·本雅明或走向革命批评》,郭国良.陆汉臻译,译林出版社,2005：第二章
④Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.179
⑤胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,104页
①温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,43页
②参见邓志勇,“西方‘新修辞学’及其主要特点”,《四川外语学院学报》,2001年第1期
③Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.84
④参见刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,321-322页
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969. pp.19; 45
② ibid. p.65
③ James A. Herrick. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.197
⑤佩雷尔曼,“旧修辞学与新修辞学”, 杨贝译.郑永流主编,法哲学与法社会学论丛(8),北京大学出版社,
④ Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.862005,34-41页
① Sonja K.Foss,et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.23;温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2006,126页
② Sonja K.Foss,et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.24
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,131页
④ Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.25-26
⑥ ibid. p.38
⑤ ibid. p.27
⑦胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,绪论,第2页,209页
① Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.23
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2006,127页
② ibid, pp.19,27,28,29
④ Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.33
⑤胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,217-218页
⑥刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.28页
① Burke, in Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.191
②胡曙中.《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,第3页
③ Sonja K.Foss et al. Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002. pp.191-193
⑤常昌富,“导论：20世纪修辞学概述”,肯尼斯·博克等,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾
④ ibid. p.192宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,17页
① Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed.Waveland Press, Inc.2002, p.195
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,340页
③ Herrick, James A. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.218,225
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,342-344页
①胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,420页
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第1页
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,44-45页
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,298页
⑤莫里斯·内坦森,转引自肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,201页
⑥韦弗,引自内坦森,同上,204页
⑦莫里斯·内坦森,肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,207,
①罗伯特·司各特,肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,185,190-191页
②温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2006,47-49页
③参看邓志勇,“西方‘新修辞学’及其主要特点”,《四川外语学院学报》,2001年第1期
④柴改英张翠梅,“从修辞学定义管窥西方新修辞学的特点和发展动态”,《修辞学习》,2007年第6期
① James A.Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001,p.225
② Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.1-2
④ ibid.p.25
③ ibid.p.2
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.226
①刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.336-337页
② James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.pp.212, 226-227
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,29页
④ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, P.4
⑤亚里士多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,生活读书新知三联书店,1991年版,第69页
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969. p.65
② ibid. Pp.20,25
③ ibid.D.19
④ ibid. p.30
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.197
⑥王国龙,“佩雷尔曼新修辞学与法律论辩思想”,《法律方法与法律思维》第5期,中国政法大学出版社,2008年
⑦ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969. p.32
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, P.33
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,144页
③ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press.1969. Pp.37.99
⑤ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.193
④ ibid.P.41
⑥柴改英张翠梅,“从修辞学定义管窥西方新修辞学的特点和发展动态”,《修辞学习》,2007年第6期
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,136页
②同上,109-110页
③同上,154-155页
① James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.10
② Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.569
③ Ibid. p.577
④ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allvn and Bacon,2001
⑤亚里斯多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,上海世纪出版集团,上海人民出版社,2006,162页
⑥ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.194
① Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp.192-193
② ibid. pp.191-193
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,110-111页
③ ibid. p.192
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.9
⑥转引自胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》, 上海外语教育出版社,1999,121页
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,121—122页
② Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture—Moving from Debate to Dialogue, Random House,1998, p.8
③ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.225
④胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,440-441页
⑤ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Editor John Thompson Polity Press,1991, Editor's Introduction, p.2
①本小节部分内容参见陈小慰,”《于丹<论语>心得》英译本的修辞解读”,《福州大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第6期
② James A. Herrick. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allvn and Bacon,2001. p.15
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,62页
③ ibid. p.225
⑤ Lloyd Bitzer, "The Rhetorical Situation", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Winter 1968(1.1),pp.1-14
⑥ Ibid.
①Lloyd Bitzer," The Rhetorical Situation",Philosophy and Rhetoric,Winter 1968(1.1),PP.1-14
②ibid.
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,62页
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,318页
①James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.232
②肯尼斯·博克等,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,155页
③Calvin O. Schrag, The Resources of Rationality:A Response to the Postmodern Challenge,1992, P.124
④Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives, New York PRENTICE-HALL, INC.1945, p.ⅹⅴ
①参见刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,340-341页
② Kenneth Burke. A Grammar of Motives. New York PRENTICE-HALL. INC.1945. pp.3.7
③ ibid,p.40
①温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,172页
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,342-343页
③ Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.1
④ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.33
⑤刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,69,59页
① Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.179
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,69页
③ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp.86-87
④胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,122页
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.198
⑦ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. pp.
⑥ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.142 201-202
⑧刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,84,76页
⑨ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.116
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,76,84-85页
② Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.142
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,175页
④同上,186-189页
⑤ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, pp.163-164
① Sonia K. Foss et al. Contemporarv Persnectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press. Inc..2002. p.195
② James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, pp.230-231
③ ibid. pp.13-14
① Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993
①王育伦摘译,“阿·库勒拉翻译理论和实践”,《外国翻译理论评价文集》,中国对外翻译出版公司,1983,30-31页
②引自许崇信,“翻译笔记随录”,《上海科技翻译》1990年第1期
③谢天振,《中西翻译简史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009,6-7页
④ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. pp.191-193
⑤汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》, 洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496页
① Christiane Nord. Text Analysis in Translation. Amsterdam-Atlanta. GA.1991.p.28
② James A. Herrick. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allvn and Bacon.2001.p.4
③ Sonia K Foss et al. ContemDorarv Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press. Inc.2002. p.1
④ ibid. d.5
⑤ ibid. p.191
①王宁,《视角：翻译学研究》,第一卷,主编Cay Dollerup,中文版主编王宁,2003, 清华大学出版社, 代序Ⅳ
②James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.7
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,575-580页
① cited in Basil Hatim, Teaching and Researching Translation,2001,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,p.101
② ibid, pp.91,74
③ cited in Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.12
④ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991, p.52
⑤ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. p.87
⑥ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dai Press,1969. pp.20; 25
①李军,《话语修辞理论与实践》,上海外语教育出版社,2008,61页
② George Steiner, After Babel—Aspects of Language and Translation, Oxford University Press.1973. p.19
③ Lloyd Bitzer,"The Rhetorical Situation", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Winter 1968(1.1),pp.1-14
④ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.15
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,83-85页
②Lynne Bowker et al, Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in Translation Studies St Jerome Publishing,1998;外语教学与研究出版社2007,xv
③转引自谢天振陈浪,“在翻译中感受在场的身体——读道格拉斯·罗宾逊的《译者登场》”,《外语与外语教学》2006年第9期
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,第3页
① Ulla M Connor, Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second Language Writing, Cambridge University, 1996, p.120
② Richards, in Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories. Routledge,1993, p.17
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496页
② Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.568
③ ibid, pp.566-567
④ Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992.p.77
⑤ Lloyd Bitzer, "The Rhetorical Situation", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Winter 1968(1.1), pp.1-14
① Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.193
①参见陈小慰,“外宣翻译中‘认同’的建立”,《中国翻译》,2007年第1期
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第3-4页
③ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Revised Second Edition, Multilingual Matters Ltd.2001, p.189
④谢天振陈浪,“在翻译中感受在场的身体——读道格拉斯·罗宾逊的《译者登场》”,《外语与外语教学》2006年第9期
①参见第二章第二节第五小点
②Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006.p.129
① Martha P. Y. Cheung, "A new interpretation of the earliest Chinese 'To translate' means 'to exchange'?--attempts to define translation ('fanyi')", Target 17:1 2005, pp.27-48
② Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.43
①黄德先,“译者形象的重建—伊恩·梅森访谈”,《东方翻译》2010年第1期
② John Sinclair, COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (New Edition),1995;上海外语教育出版社,2000
③《新牛津英汉双解大词典》,上海外语教育出版社.2007
④许均,引自刘传珠,“翻译的本质：间接认识,易语表达”,《湛江师范学院学报》2004年第5期
⑤ Roman Jakobson, On linguistic aspects of translation, Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.146
① Roger T. Bell, Translation and Translating:Theory and Practice, Bucharest: Polirom,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2001,p.5
② J. C.Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press.1965. p.20
④陈小慰,《语言·功能·翻译—汉英翻译理论与实践》,福建教育出版社,1998,第6页
③ Eugene. A.Nida. Principles of translation exemplified by Bible translation.1959, p.19
① Wolfram Wilss, The Science of Translation:Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.62
② Peter Newmark, About Translation, Multilingual Matters Limited,1991, p.35
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.134
②汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496-497页
③ Juliane House, Translation Quality Assessment:A model revisited, Tubingen:Gunter Narr,1997, pp.30-3
④ Basil Hatim & Ian Mason, Translator as Communicator, London and New York:Routledge,1997, p.1
① Benjamin Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet, (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.77
② Vermeer, in Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991, p.12
③ Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.18
④在张美芳、王克非主译的《译有所为》(外语教学与研究出版社,2005,23页)中,partly verbal译为“部分口头形式的”。
① Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies-and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins1995, p.56谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,第3页
② Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999. p.2
③ Andre Lefevere, Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004a,p.2
① Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account, London:Routledge,2006, p.2
② Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.1
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496页
④ Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.384
①Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,2,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.257
②Susan Bassnett & AndreLefevere,Constructing Culture: Essays on Literary Translation,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2001,Preface
①Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.129-130
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.130-132
② Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account, London:Routledge.2006, p.133
③王克非,《翻译文化史论》,上海外语教育出版社,1997,127页
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.273
② Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives, New York PRENTICE-HALL, INC.,1945, p.25
③ Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.71;陈浪译,谢天振主编,《当代国外翻译理论导读》,南开大学出版社,2008,321页
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,154-155页
②汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,440
③肯尼斯·博克等,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,73页
④Andre Lefevere, Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.2
⑤James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.84
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,175页
②从莱庭徐鲁亚编著,《西方修辞学》,上海外语教育出版社,2007,394页
③Roberto Mayoral Asensio, Translating Official Documents, St. Jerome Publishing,2003,上海外语教育出版社,2008,p.37
①赫胥黎原著,严复译述,《天演论》,严译名著丛刊,商务印书馆发行,1931(1982重印),吴序
② Roberto Mayoral Asensio, Translating Official Documents, St. Jerome Publishing,2003,上海外语教育出版社,2008,p.3
③ ibid. p.11
① Basil Hatim & Ian Mason, Discourse and the Translator, London and New York:Longman,1990, p.11
② Andrew Chesterman, "On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies", Logos and Language, Vol.Ⅲ, No.1,2002, p.8
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》, 洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,400页
④谢天振主编,《翻译的理论建构与文化透视》, 上海外语教育出版社,2000
⑤西奥·赫尔曼,“翻译的再现”,同上,第5页。
⑥赫胥黎原著,严复译述,《天演论》,严译名著丛刊,商务印书馆发行,1931(1982重印),译例言
①谢天振,“译者的诞生与原作者的‘死亡’”,《中国比较文学》,2002年第4期
②王东风,“形式的复活：从诗学的角度反思文学翻译”,《中国翻译》2010年第1期
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,131页
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,译者前言,第5-6页
② Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.146
③张汝伦,《意义的探究-当代西方释义学》,辽宁人民出版社,1986,172
④ Edwin Gentzler,转引自王宏志,《重释“信、达、雅”——20世纪中国翻译研究》,清华大学出版社,2007,第1页
⑤ Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.112-113
①Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.257
②ibid,p.119
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496-498页
① Umberto Eco et al, Interpretation and Overinterpretation, Stefan Collini, ed.,Cambridge University Press,1992, p.39
② Ibid.25
③安贝托·艾科等,《诠释与过度诠释》, 斯特凡·科里尼编,王宇根译,生活·读书·新知三联书店,2005,33页
④ Umberto Eco et al, Interpretation and Overinterpretation, Stefan Collini, ed.,Cambridge University Press,1992, p.10
① Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.52
②张汝伦,《意义的探究——当代西方释义学》, 辽宁人民出版社,1986,58页
① Linell Davis, Doing Culture,外语教学与研究出版,2001,p.24
② Cited in Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained,外语教学与研究出版社,2007,p.5
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,574页
④ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.12
⑤ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in France, Peter (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000, p.22
① Susan Bassnett & Andr6Lefevere, Constructing Culture:Essays on Literary Translation,1998上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.48
② Terry Eagleton, Ideology, Verso,1991.p.37
③ Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Terry Eagleton,1996, p.4
④汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004 390-391页
⑤刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,241页
①John Sinclair,COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY(New Edition),1995;上海外语教育出版社,2000
②同上
③同上
①李国南,见陈汝东,《修辞学论文集》北京大学出版社,2005,49页
②曾毅平,《修辞与社会语用论稿》,中国社会科学出版社,2005,第4-5页
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,106-107页
④参见李军,《话语修辞理论与实践》,上海外语教育出版社,2008,32页
⑤刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,25页
⑥同上,24页
⑦同上,106页
① Kristin R. Woolever, in Clayann Gilliam Panetta ed., Contrastive Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.,2001, p.65
② Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999, p.6-7
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第3-4页
① Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.55
② Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.29
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,112-113页
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,391-396页
①同上,500-501页
② Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.69
③ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp.86-87
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric A Treatise on Argumentation [M]. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.116
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,76页
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,498-499页
④陈明远,《光明日报》,1998年4月16日
①冀临,“词语的力量”,《科幻世界》,1993第8期
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,571页
② Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture, Random House,1998, p.14
③ J.L.Austin. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press 1962. n.5
⑤刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,p.298
④ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.77
⑥ Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn [M]. Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.195
① Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p,4
②此为2010年8月15日搜索结果
①陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,经济科学出版社,2006,210页
② Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account. London:Routledge.2006, pp.122-123
③ Clayann Gilliam Panetta ed., Contrastive Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc 2001, p.63
①林戊荪,“学英语与做翻译”,福建省译协讲座,2005年4月
②《大众科技报》,“从猕猴桃到奇异果”,新华网2003年11月6日
③Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge.1993, p.9
①熊光楷,“外国人误解了‘韬光养晦’”,《羊城晚报》,中国日报网,2010年9月19日
①参见中新网,“日本受原子弹攻击竟因首相文件翻译出错”,2010年6月13日
②《东南快报》,“央行：坚持以市场供求为基础增强汇率弹性”,2010年6月20日
③智库百科http://wiki.mbalib.com
①本小节部分内容参见陈小慰,“语用与翻译中言语资源的得体利用”,《中国翻译》.2008年第6期
② Wei, Yong-Kang, "Translation as a Rhetorical Move:Exploring Effectiveness of Professional Translation",第十八届世界翻译大会参会论文,2008年8月
③ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.192
④ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.13-14
①张汝伦,《意义的探究——当代西方释义学》,辽宁人民出版社,1986,70页
②玛格丽特·阿特伍德,《使女的故事》,陈小慰译,江苏译林出版社2001、2008
参见陈小慰,“论文学翻译中的作品研究——《使女的故事》翻译谈”, 香港《翻译季刊》第24期,2002
②杰弗里·迪弗,《蓝色虚拟空间》,陈小慰译,《译林》2003年第5期；译林出版社,2004
①陈小慰,“通俗文学对译者的挑战”,《中国翻译》2005年第2期
②同上
① Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives. New York:Prentice-Hall, Inc,1945, p.227
②谭学纯、唐跃、朱玲,《接受修辞学》(增订本),安徽大学出版社,2000,133页
③王希杰.《汉语修辞学》,商务印书馆,2005,203页
① Mona Baker, In Other Words:A Coursebook on Translation.1992;外语教学与研究出版社,2000,p.112
②陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,.经济科学出版社,2006,147页
①谭学纯唐跃朱玲,《接受修辞学》(增订本),安徽大学出版社,2000,9-11页
①陈小慰,“网络的双刃剑——析《蓝色虚拟空间》”,《译林》,2003年第5期
②钱冠连,《语言：人类最后的家园》,商务印书馆,2005,224页
①张南峰,“走出死胡同建立翻译学”,《中国翻译》,1995.第4期
②陈小慰,“简评‘译文功能理论”’,《上海科技翻译》,1995.第4期
③贾文波,《应用翻译功能论》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
①卞建华崔永禄,“功能主义目的论在中国的引进、应用与研究(1987-2005)”, 《解放军外国语学院学报》2006第5期
② Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,39
③ Christiane Nord,'Text Analysis in Translator Training", Teaching Translation and Interpreting, ed. by Cay Dollerup and Anne Loddegaard, John Benjamins Publishing Company,1992,p.40
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.126
② Ibid,p.32
③ Ibid,p.38
④ Ibid,D.32
⑤ Ibid,p.123
① Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA,1991,p.22-23
② Mona Baker, In Other Words:A Coursebook on Translation.1992;外语教学与研究出版社,2000,p.6
③西奥·赫尔曼,“翻译的再现”,谢天振主编,《翻译的理论建构与文化透视》,上海外语教育出版社,2000,第5页
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.78
⑤ Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.123
⑥谢天振,《中西翻译简史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009,7-17页
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.113
② Mark Shuttleworth& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999, p.156;谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,P.213
③ Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.9
①陈小慰,“翻译功能理论的启示——对某些翻译方法的新思考”,《中国翻译》2000年第4期
②Christiane Nord,Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997；上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.38
③ibid,p.109-122
④卞建华 崔永禄,“功能主义目的论在中国的引进、应用与研究(1987-2005)”,《解放军外国语学院学报》2006年第5期
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.12
② Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA,1991,p.51
③ Ibid,p.52
④ Ibid,p.132
⑤ Ibid,p.95-96
⑥ Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.32
⑦ Ibid, p.60
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.62
② ibid,2001,p.63
③ Ibid,p.125
④ Ibid,p.123
⑤ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA,1991,p.4
⑥ Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999, p.117
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.18
② ibid, p.35
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,153页
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第2页
①本小节内容参见陈小慰,韦努蒂“异化”理论话语的修辞分析[J].《中国翻译》,2010年第4期
②郭建中,“韦努蒂及其解构主义的翻译策略”,《中国翻译》2000年第1期；“韦努蒂访谈录”,《中国翻译》,2008年第3期；“异化与归化：道德态度与话语策略”,《中国翻译》2009年第2期
③郭建中,“翻译中的文化因素：归化与异化”,《外国语》,1998年第2期
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, pp.6,53
② Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, pp.284-286
③ Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
④ ibid, p.148
①Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
②Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998,p.11
③Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, p.341
④蒋骁华 张景华,“重新解读韦努蒂的异化翻译理论”,《中国翻译》2007年第3期
⑤Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
⑥Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.2
①刘亚猛,“韦努蒂的‘翻译伦理’及其自我结构”,《中国翻译》2005第5期
② Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, p.341
③刘亚猛,“韦努蒂的‘翻译伦理’及其自我结构”,《中国翻译》2005第5期
④ Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.6
Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000,p.468
① Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
② Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture—Moving from Debate to Dialogue, Random House,1998, pp.3-8
③ ibid.p.105
④ ibid,p.208
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,23-26页
②Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture—Moving from Debate to Dialogue, Random House,1998,p.10
③Maeve Olohan (ed.), Intercultural Faultlines, ST JEROME PUBLISHING, 2000, p.183
① Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation--owards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998,p.11
③马会娟,“对西方翻译理论家
② Ibid,p.10 Lawrence Venuti异化翻译理论的再思考”,《天津外国语学院学报》,2006年第1期
④ Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.35
⑤ Basil Hatim & Ian Mason, The Translator as Communicator, Routledge,1996, p.27
⑥ Eugene A.Nida, Toward a Science of Translating, Leiden:Brill,1964, p.142
①陈焰,转引自汪榕培,《比较与翻译》,上海外语教育出版社1997,216页
② Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.21
③ Ibid, p.119
① LawrenceVenuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
②郭建中,“异化与归化：道德态度与话语策略”,《中国翻译》2009年第2期
③ Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.188
①吴文安朱刚,“翻译策略的语境和方向”,《外国文学评论》,2006年第2期
②James A Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.225
③吴文安朱刚,“翻译策略的语境和方向”,《外国文学评论》,2006年第2期
①陈小慰, “福建外宣翻译的现状与对策”, 《福建省首届外事翻译研讨会论文集》,福建省翻译协会,2007
②胡河宁,“象征性互动：组织传播的意义生产过程”,人民网,2010年06月13日
①《统一论坛》,.2009年第5期
②《现代汉语词典》[M].中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室,外语教学与研究出版社2002
③Larousse English Dictionary (?)arousse-Rordas,1997
④Ibid.
① John Sinclair, COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY(New Edition),1995上海外语教育出版社,2000
②窦卫霖祝平,“对官方口号翻译有效性的实证研究”,《中国翻译》2009年第5期
①刘亚猛,“原驰白象”,《外国语言文学》,2009年第1期
①本节部分内容参见陈小慰,“外宣翻译中‘认同’的建立”,《中国翻译》,2007年第1期
② Clayann Gilliam Panetta ed., Contrastive Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2001, pp.20,22,60
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,104-108页
②林语堂,《吾国与吾民》,中国戏剧出版社,1990,77页
③卡恩,转引自刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,25页
①张汝伦,《意义的探究——当代西方释义学》, 辽宁人民出版社,1986,67页
②陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,经济科学出版社,2006,267页
③翟树耀,《对外宣传报道与英语写作》,厦门大学出版社,2001,28
①曾毅平,《修辞与社会语用论稿》,中国社会科学出版社,2005,352-353页
①陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,经济科学出版社,2006,151页
② I,in Yntang Moment in Peking Fnreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1999.p.551.
③ Josephine A. Matthews, "Where Angels Dare to Tread", Chinese Literature,1995 (3)
①厉振仪编著,姚红译,《中国古代风俗一百则》,中国对外翻译出版公司,1999
②王宁,《视角：翻译学研究》,第二卷,Cay Dollerup主编,王宁中文版主编,清华大学出版社,2004,p.Ⅳ-Ⅴ
③Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, P.87
④本小节内容参见陈小慰,“《于丹<论语>心得》英译本的修辞解读”,《福州大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第6期
①郎咸平,《郎咸平说 谁在谋杀中国经济：附身中国人的文化魔咒》,东方出版社,2009
②刘绍铭,《鹿鼎记》英译漫谈http://jinyong.ylib.com.tw/research/thesis/4-11.htm,2000.
①中国图书对外推广网http://www.cbi.gov.cn
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,318页
③ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. [M]. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.19
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation.[M]. University of North Dam Press,1969, pp.20,25
②中国图书对外推广网http://www.cbi.gov.cn
①陈小慰,“外宣翻译中‘认同’的建立”,《中国翻译》,2007年第1期
①于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006,第6页
② Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.15
③ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. [M]. University of Norm Dam Press,1969, p.32
④于丹,《于丹论语心得》, 中华书局,2006,17页
⑤ Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.31
① Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.23
①于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006,114页
②Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.181
①于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006,17页
② Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.31
③于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006，第8页
④同上,13页
①杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》,天津大学出版社,2009,前言,第6页
① Edwin Gentzler, "Interdisciplinary Connections", Perspectives:Studies in Translatology,《视角：翻译学研究》,第二卷,Cay Dollerup主编,中文版主编王宁,清华大学出版社,2004,p.19
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2. Asensio, Roberto Mayoral, Translating Official Documents, St. Jerome Publishing,2003,上海外语教育出版社,2008.
3. Austin, J.L., How to Do Things with Words, Oxford University Press,1962.
4. Baker, Mona (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2004.
5. Baker, Mona & Saldanha, Gabriela (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (second edition), Routledge.2009.
6. Baker, Mona, In Other Words:A Coursebook on Translation.1992;外语教学与研究出版社, 2000.
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① Hatim, Basil, Teaching and Researching Translation,2001,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,p.10
② Mary Snell-Hornby, The Turns of Translation Studies:New paradigms or shifting viewpoints? John Benjamins Publishing Co.2006
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An International Encyclopedia of (?)ransiation Stuaies, water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York, 2005, p,291
④ James A.Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.2
① Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p. 568
②《现代汉语词典》商务印书馆,1979；《现代汉语词典》(汉英双语),外语教学与研究出版社,2002年增补本
③谭学纯 唐跃 朱玲,《接受修辞学》(增订本),安徽大学出版社,2000年,第12,30页
④谭汝为,“汉语修辞研究的十个新领域”,陈汝东,《修辞学论文集》,北京大学出版社,2005,113-114页
①王希杰,《汉语修辞学》(修订本),商务印书馆,2004,70-73页
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④马睿颖林大津,“从表达效果到交际效果：现代汉语修辞观的语用学转向”,《福建师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2008年第4期
⑤刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第2页
① James A.Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, pp.4,12
② Burke, in Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp. 191-193
③佩雷尔曼,“旧修辞学与新修辞学”,杨贝译,郑永流主编,《法哲学与法社会学论从》(8),北京大学出版社,2005,40-41页
① Eugene A.Nida,& Reyburn William, Meaning Across Cultures, Maryknoll of N.Y. Orbis Book,1981, p.39
③余立三,《英汉修辞比较与翻译》,商务印书馆,1985
② Peter Newmark,A Textbook of Translation, Prantice Hall,1988, p.42
④许高渝张建理,《20世纪汉外语言对比研究》,高等教育出版社,2006
⑤陈淑华,《英语修辞与翻译》,北京邮电大学出版,1990
①李定坤,《汉英辞格对比与翻译》,华中师范大学出版社,1994
②陈定安,《英汉修辞与翻译》,台湾书林出版有限公司,1996；中国青年出版社,2004
③张光明,《英汉修辞思维比较与翻译》,军事谊文出版社,2002
④郑雅丽,《英汉修辞互译导引》,暨南大学出版社,2004
⑤蒋童、钟厚涛,《英语修辞与翻译》,首都师范大学出版社,2008
⑥胡谷明,《篇章修辞与小说翻译》,上海译文出版社,2004
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②《外语研究》1998年第1期
③《外语研究》2001年第1期
④Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. p.10
⑤刘亚猛.《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,300页
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991；外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.127-130
② ibid, p.134
③ Claudia Carlos, "Translation as Rhetoric:Edward Jerningham's 'Impenitence'", Rhetoric Review, Volume 28, Issue 4, October 2009, pp.335-351
① Rita Copeland, Rhetoric, Hermeneutics, and Translation in the Middle Ages:Academic Traditions and Vernacular Texts, Cambridge University Press, April 28,1995
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,前言,19页
①黄德先,“译者形象的重建—伊恩·梅森访谈”,《东方翻译》,2010年第1期
①黄德先,“译者形象的重建—伊恩·梅森访谈”,《东方翻译》2010年第1期
①Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation, Oxford, Pergamon Press,1981,p.4
②除特别注明出处的,本文中的引文均为作者所译。
③Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993上海外语教育出版社,2003,p.1
① Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.17
② Basil Hatim, Teaching and Researching Translation,2001,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,p.ⅹⅸ
③杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》, 天津大学出版社,2009,第10页
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet, (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.2
② Cf. ibid.pp.12-13
③杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》,天津大学出版社,2009,19页
④赞宁,《宋高僧传》,中华书局,1987
⑤ Martha P. Y Cheung, A new interpretation of the earliest Chinese 'To translate' means 'to exchange'?--attempts to define translation ('fnyi') Target,17:1,2005, pp.27-48,
⑥罗新璋编,《翻译论集》,商务印书馆,1984,51页
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.17
③谭载喜,《西方翻译简史》(增订版), 商务印书馆,2004,20页
② ibid, p.21
④陈小慰,《语言·功能·翻译——汉英翻译理论与实践》,福建教育出版社,1998,第5页
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.42
② Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, pp.36,53
③ Matthew Arnold, "On Translating Homer", Selections from Arnold, ed. by Lewis E.Gates, Henry Holt & Co. ed. by Lewis E. Gates,1898, pp.41,43
④杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》,天津大学出版社,2009,171页。
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, pp.73,75,79;陈浪译,谢天振主编,《当代国外翻译理论导读》,南开大学出版社,2008,322,325,328-329页
② Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.77
③ ibid, pp.108,112
① Cited in Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained, St.Jerome Publishing Ltd.,1997,外语教学与研究出版社,2007,p.1
② J. C.Catford. A Linguistic Theorv of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press.1965. p.20
③ ibid.p.49
① J. C.Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press.1965, p.73
② Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999. p.152
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An zlnternational Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York,2005, p.287
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993. p.46
⑤ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001.pp.42-43
① Peter Newmark, About Translation, Multilingual Matters Limited,1991.pp.2-4
② Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation, Oxford, Pergamon Press,1981.p.39
③ Newmark, Anderman, Gunilla &. Rogers, Margaret, Translation Today:Trends and Perspectives,2003;外语教学与研究出版社,2006.pp.22-23
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993.p.163
⑤ George Steiner, After Babel:Aspects of Language and Translation, Oxford University Press,1998, p.1
⑥李文革,《西方翻译理论流派研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2004,259页
①Cited in Peter Fawcett,Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained,1997;外语教学与研究出版社,2007,p.4
②Mona Baker,In Other Words:A Courebook on Translation,1992;外语教学与研究出版社,2000,p.217
③ibid,p.219
④ibid,pp.259,223
① Juliane House. Translation Oualitv Assessment:A model revisited. Tubingen:Gunter Narr,1997.pp.30,32
② ibid,p.37
④ House, cited in Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,
③ ibid, p.29 1999.
⑤ Juliane House, Translation Quality Assessment:A model revisited, Tubingen:Gunter Narr,1997.p.29
⑥ in Mary Snell-Homby,, Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach,(?)上海外语教育出版社,2001,67
⑦ Ulla M Connor. Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second Language Writing, Cambridge University, 1996,p,121
① Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993. p.194
② George Steiner, After Babel:Aspects of Language and Translation, Oxford University Press,1975,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.67
③ Edwin Genztler. Contemporary Translation Theories. Routledee,1993, p.149
⑤ ibid, pp.158-159
④ ibid. p.158
①廖七一, 《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,76页
② Edwin Genztler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993. p.166
③ ibid. p.144
④廖七一, 《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,22页
⑤ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991,p.4
① cited in Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.10
② cited in ibid, p.12
③ Christiane Nord, "Text Analysis in Translator Training". Teaching Translation and Interpreting, ed.by Cay Dollerup and Anne Loddegaard, John Benjamins Publishing Company.1992, p.39
④ Mona Baker & Gabriela Saldanha (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies(second edition), Routledge, 2009,p.117
⑤ Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie. Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.189
⑥ ibid.
⑦ Schaffner, in Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.78
⑧ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991, p.28
①陈小慰,《语言·功能·翻译——汉英翻译理论与实践》,福建教育出版社,1998,第9页
② Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.125
③ Gunilla Anderman &. Margaret Rogers, Translation Today:Trends and Perspectives,2003,外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.57
④陈小慰,“翻译功能理论的启示——对某些翻译方法的新思考”,《中国翻译》2000年第4期
⑤同上
⑥ Vermeer, in Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.156；谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,213页
⑦ Mona Baker (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.235
⑧ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.78
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.117
② Gunilla Anderman &. Margaret Rogers, Translation Today:Trends and Perspectives,2003;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.55
③廖七一, 《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,49页
④ Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.163;(?)(?)载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,221页
⑤李文革,《西方翻译理论流派研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2004,35页
⑥ Itamar Even-Zohar, Polysystem Studies, Tel Aviv:The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham: Duke University Press. Special Iissue of Poetics Today,11(1).1990, p.2
① Itamar Even-Zohar, Polysystem Studies, Tel Aviv:The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham:
② Itamar Even-Zohar, Polysystem Studies, Tel Aviv:The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, and Durham: Duke University Press. Special Iissue of Poetics Today,11(1).1990, p.11 Duke University Press. Special Iissue of Poetics Today,11(1).1990, p.15
③ ibid.pp.37,39
④ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001, p.1
①张南峰,“从边缘走向中心从多元系统论的角度看中国翻译研究的过去与未来”,《外国语》,2001年第4期
② Susan Bassnett & Andre Lefevere, Constructing Culture:Essays on Literary Translation,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.128
③ Meave Olahan, MA Lecture, CTIS, Manchester University,2009
④ Jean-Marc Gouanvic, Translation and the Shape of Things to Come:The emergence of American science fiction in post-war France, The Translator 3(2):125-152.1997, p.126
⑤ Andrew Chesterman, MonAKO Glossary, http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/monako/atk/glossary.shtml
⑥ James Holmes, Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies, Amsterdam,1988, pp.66-80; Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies-and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.10
① James Holmes, Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies, Amsterdam,1988, pp.71-78
② Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies- and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.10
③ ibid,p.55
① Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies-and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.56
② Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, pp.74-75
③ Ulla M Connor, Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second Language Writing, Cambridge University, 1996, pp.121-122
④ Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies- and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, pp.56-57
① Ibid. pp.58-59
② Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies- and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1995, p.57
③ Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.153
④ Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997, p.55
⑤ Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.81
⑥ Andrew Chesterman, From 'Is' to 'Ought':Laws, Norms and Strategies in Translation Studies, Target 5(1):1-20.John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam,1993, p.9
⑦ Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997, p.64
⑧ Andrew Chesterman, From 'Is' to 'Ought':Laws, Norms and Strategies in Translation Studies, Target 5(1):1-20.John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam,1993, p.9
① ibid. p.8; Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997, p.67
② Mark Shuttleworth,& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing.1999.p.132
③ Andrew Chesterman,'From 'Is' to 'Ought':Laws, Norms and Strategies in Translation Studies', Target 5(1):1-20.John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam,1993, pp.8-9; Andrew Chesterman, Memes of Translation-The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory, Amsterdam & Philadelphia:John Benjamins.1997,pp.67-69;谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,180-181页
④ Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.85
⑤廖七一,“翻译规范及其研究途径”,《外语教学》,2009年第1期
⑥廖七一,《中国近代翻译思想的嬗变——五四前后文学翻译规范研究》,南开大学出版社,2010,第7页
⑦ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, P.133
①李文革,《西方翻译理论流派研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2004,192页
② Jean-Marc Gouanvic, Translation and the Shape of Things to Come:The emergence of American science fiction in post-war France, The Translator 3(2):125-152.1997, p.126
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in France, Peter (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000, p.22
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.182
⑤ Mary Snell-Hornby, Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach, J. Benjamins Pub. Co.1988;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.39
⑥ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.188
① Andrew Chesterman, ""On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies'"', Logos and Language, Vol. Ⅲ, No.1, 2002, p.2
② Susan Bassnett & AndreLefevere, Constructing Culture:Essays on Literary Translation,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2001,pp.123,135
③ Andre Lefevere, Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook,1992;上海外语教育出版社,2004a,p.14
④ ibid.p.8
⑤ Andrew Chesterman, MonAKO Glossary, http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/monako/atk/glossary.shtml
⑥ Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999.p.147
① Andre Lefevere, Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004b,p.14
② Andre Lefevere, Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004b,p.41
③ ibid, p.14
④ ibid, p.15
⑤ ibid, p.39
⑥ Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, Routledge,2001,146
⑦ Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004.p.20
① Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.11
② Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999,132
③贺麦晓,“布狄厄的文学社会学思想”,《读书》,1996年第11期
④武光军,“翻译社会学研究的现状与问题”,《外国语》,2008年第1期
⑤ cf http://www.hudong.com/wiki
① Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999.p.131
② Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.106
③ Casanova, in Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.132
④ Jean-Marc Gouanvic, Bourdieusian theory of translation, or the coincidence of practical instances:field, habitus, capital and Illusio. The Translator,11(2):147-166.2005, pp.161-162
⑤ Gouanvic,2005, p.163,转引自武光军,“翻译社会学研究的现状与问题”,《外国语》,2008年第1期
① Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account, London:Routledge.2006, p.169
② Margaret Somers,'Narrativity, Narrative Identity, and Social Action:Rethinking English working-class formation', Social Science History 16(4):1992,591-630, p.600
③石永浩,“《翻译与冲突：一个叙事的视角》简评”,《中国翻译》,2007年第2期
④ Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account. London:Routledge.2006, p.2
⑥ ibid.p.33 ⑤ ibid.p.28
⑦ ibid.p.39
①Mona Baker,Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account.London: Routledge.2006.p.44
③ibid.p.106
②ibid.p.48
④ibid.p.106
⑤ibid.pp.112-122
⑥转引自黄海军,“叙事视角下的翻译研究”,《语言与语言研究》2008年第7期
①转引自李红满,“布迪厄与翻译社会学的理论建构”,《中国翻译》2007年第5期
②同上
③廖七一,《当代西方翻译理论探索》,译林出版社,2002,59页
④廖七一,赵彦春,《翻译学归结论》序言,上海外语教育出版社,2005,第15页
⑤同上,14页
⑥吕俊侯向群,“范式转换抑或视角转变”,《中国翻译》,2010年第1期
⑦张健稳梁海波,“文化学派：你还要走多远?——对文化学派翻译观的反思”,《山东文学》,2007年第10期
⑧ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in France, Peter (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000, p.23
① Gentzler, in王宁,《视角：翻译学研究》,第二卷,Cay Dollerup主编, 王宁中文版主编,清华大学出版社,2004,pp.10,19,21
② Andrew Chesterman, ""On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies"", Logos and Language, Vol.Ⅲ, No.1, 2002, p.1
① Andrew Chesterman, ""On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies'"', Logos and Language, Vol. Ⅲ, No.1, 2002, pp.3-4
② Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, p.4
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An international Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York,2005, p.290
④方梦之主编,《译学辞典》,上海外语教育出版社,2004,第1页
⑤ Venuti, in Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.3
① Snell-Homby,2006:151,转引自吕俊侯向群,“范式转换抑或视角转变”,《中国翻译》,2010年第1期
② Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained, St. Jerome Publishing Ltd.,1997;外语教学与研究出版社,2007.Foreword
③ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in Peter France (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000
④ Mona Baker, Linguistic Models and Methods in the Study of Translation, An international Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Water de Gruyter·Berlin·New York,2005, p.291
① Mona Baker, 'The Pragmatics of Cross-Cultural Contact and Some False Dichotomies', CTIS Occasional Papers 1: 7-20.2001
①刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,27页
②James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.p.1
③关于该词译文,参见刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,16页,注2
④从莱庭徐鲁亚编著,《西方修辞学》,上海外语教育出版社,2007,18页
⑤刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,21,34页
① James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.pp.53-55
③亚里士多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,生活读书新知三联书店,1991年版,第23页
② Ibid, p.53
①刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,52页
②亚里士多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,生活读书新知三联书店1991年版,第23页
③同上,75页
④同上,164页
⑤James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.88
⑥胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》, 上海外语教育出版社,1999,第4页
①James A.Herrick,The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction.Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.p.97
②Cf.ibid.pp.101.102
③ibid.p.107
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.P.133
⑤同上,Pp.158-160
① James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. pp.158-159
②温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社.2006.13页
③ James A Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.183;刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,252页
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,258页
① James A Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, pp.183,185
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,250页
③ Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. p.10
①肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,70页
②同上,73页
③同上,70页
④同上,85页
⑤同上,97页
①肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,114-115页
②艾德温,引自同上,导论,13页
③伊格尔顿,《沃尔特·本雅明或走向革命批评》,郭国良.陆汉臻译,译林出版社,2005：第二章
④Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.179
⑤胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,104页
①温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,43页
②参见邓志勇,“西方‘新修辞学’及其主要特点”,《四川外语学院学报》,2001年第1期
③Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.84
④参见刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,321-322页
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969. pp.19; 45
② ibid. p.65
③ James A. Herrick. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.197
⑤佩雷尔曼,“旧修辞学与新修辞学”, 杨贝译.郑永流主编,法哲学与法社会学论丛(8),北京大学出版社,
④ Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.862005,34-41页
① Sonja K.Foss,et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.23;温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2006,126页
② Sonja K.Foss,et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.24
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,131页
④ Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.25-26
⑥ ibid. p.38
⑤ ibid. p.27
⑦胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,绪论,第2页,209页
① Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.23
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2006,127页
② ibid, pp.19,27,28,29
④ Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.33
⑤胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,217-218页
⑥刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.28页
① Burke, in Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.191
②胡曙中.《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,第3页
③ Sonja K.Foss et al. Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002. pp.191-193
⑤常昌富,“导论：20世纪修辞学概述”,肯尼斯·博克等,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾
④ ibid. p.192宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,17页
① Sonja K.Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed.Waveland Press, Inc.2002, p.195
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,340页
③ Herrick, James A. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.218,225
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,342-344页
①胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,420页
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第1页
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,44-45页
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,298页
⑤莫里斯·内坦森,转引自肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,201页
⑥韦弗,引自内坦森,同上,204页
⑦莫里斯·内坦森,肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,207,
①罗伯特·司各特,肯尼斯·博克等著,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,185,190-191页
②温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》,中国社会科学出版社,2006,47-49页
③参看邓志勇,“西方‘新修辞学’及其主要特点”,《四川外语学院学报》,2001年第1期
④柴改英张翠梅,“从修辞学定义管窥西方新修辞学的特点和发展动态”,《修辞学习》,2007年第6期
① James A.Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001,p.225
② Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.1-2
④ ibid.p.25
③ ibid.p.2
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.226
①刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008.336-337页
② James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001.pp.212, 226-227
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,29页
④ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, P.4
⑤亚里士多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,生活读书新知三联书店,1991年版,第69页
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969. p.65
② ibid. Pp.20,25
③ ibid.D.19
④ ibid. p.30
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.197
⑥王国龙,“佩雷尔曼新修辞学与法律论辩思想”,《法律方法与法律思维》第5期,中国政法大学出版社,2008年
⑦ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969. p.32
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, P.33
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,144页
③ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press.1969. Pp.37.99
⑤ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.193
④ ibid.P.41
⑥柴改英张翠梅,“从修辞学定义管窥西方新修辞学的特点和发展动态”,《修辞学习》,2007年第6期
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,136页
②同上,109-110页
③同上,154-155页
① James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.10
② Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.569
③ Ibid. p.577
④ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allvn and Bacon,2001
⑤亚里斯多德,《修辞学》,罗念生译,上海世纪出版集团,上海人民出版社,2006,162页
⑥ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.194
① Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp.192-193
② ibid. pp.191-193
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,110-111页
③ ibid. p.192
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.9
⑥转引自胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》, 上海外语教育出版社,1999,121页
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,121—122页
② Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture—Moving from Debate to Dialogue, Random House,1998, p.8
③ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.225
④胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,440-441页
⑤ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Editor John Thompson Polity Press,1991, Editor's Introduction, p.2
①本小节部分内容参见陈小慰,”《于丹<论语>心得》英译本的修辞解读”,《福州大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第6期
② James A. Herrick. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allvn and Bacon,2001. p.15
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,62页
③ ibid. p.225
⑤ Lloyd Bitzer, "The Rhetorical Situation", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Winter 1968(1.1),pp.1-14
⑥ Ibid.
①Lloyd Bitzer," The Rhetorical Situation",Philosophy and Rhetoric,Winter 1968(1.1),PP.1-14
②ibid.
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,62页
④刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,318页
①James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.232
②肯尼斯·博克等,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,155页
③Calvin O. Schrag, The Resources of Rationality:A Response to the Postmodern Challenge,1992, P.124
④Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives, New York PRENTICE-HALL, INC.1945, p.ⅹⅴ
①参见刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,340-341页
② Kenneth Burke. A Grammar of Motives. New York PRENTICE-HALL. INC.1945. pp.3.7
③ ibid,p.40
①温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,172页
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,342-343页
③ Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.1
④ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.33
⑤刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,69,59页
① Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.179
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,69页
③ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp.86-87
④胡曙中,《美国新修辞学研究》,上海外语教育出版社,1999,122页
⑤ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.198
⑦ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. pp.
⑥ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.142 201-202
⑧刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,84,76页
⑨ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.116
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,76,84-85页
② Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.142
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,175页
④同上,186-189页
⑤ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dam Press,1969, pp.163-164
① Sonia K. Foss et al. Contemporarv Persnectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press. Inc..2002. p.195
② James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, pp.230-231
③ ibid. pp.13-14
① Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993
①王育伦摘译,“阿·库勒拉翻译理论和实践”,《外国翻译理论评价文集》,中国对外翻译出版公司,1983,30-31页
②引自许崇信,“翻译笔记随录”,《上海科技翻译》1990年第1期
③谢天振,《中西翻译简史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009,6-7页
④ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. pp.191-193
⑤汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》, 洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496页
① Christiane Nord. Text Analysis in Translation. Amsterdam-Atlanta. GA.1991.p.28
② James A. Herrick. The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allvn and Bacon.2001.p.4
③ Sonia K Foss et al. ContemDorarv Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press. Inc.2002. p.1
④ ibid. d.5
⑤ ibid. p.191
①王宁,《视角：翻译学研究》,第一卷,主编Cay Dollerup,中文版主编王宁,2003, 清华大学出版社, 代序Ⅳ
②James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.7
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,575-580页
① cited in Basil Hatim, Teaching and Researching Translation,2001,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,p.101
② ibid, pp.91,74
③ cited in Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997,上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.12
④ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991, p.52
⑤ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.2002. p.87
⑥ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. University of North Dai Press,1969. pp.20; 25
①李军,《话语修辞理论与实践》,上海外语教育出版社,2008,61页
② George Steiner, After Babel—Aspects of Language and Translation, Oxford University Press.1973. p.19
③ Lloyd Bitzer,"The Rhetorical Situation", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Winter 1968(1.1),pp.1-14
④ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.15
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,83-85页
②Lynne Bowker et al, Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in Translation Studies St Jerome Publishing,1998;外语教学与研究出版社2007,xv
③转引自谢天振陈浪,“在翻译中感受在场的身体——读道格拉斯·罗宾逊的《译者登场》”,《外语与外语教学》2006年第9期
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,第3页
① Ulla M Connor, Contrastive Rhetoric:Cross-Cultural Aspects of Second Language Writing, Cambridge University, 1996, p.120
② Richards, in Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories. Routledge,1993, p.17
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496页
② Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.568
③ ibid, pp.566-567
④ Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992.p.77
⑤ Lloyd Bitzer, "The Rhetorical Situation", Philosophy and Rhetoric, Winter 1968(1.1), pp.1-14
① Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.193
①参见陈小慰,“外宣翻译中‘认同’的建立”,《中国翻译》,2007年第1期
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第3-4页
③ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Revised Second Edition, Multilingual Matters Ltd.2001, p.189
④谢天振陈浪,“在翻译中感受在场的身体——读道格拉斯·罗宾逊的《译者登场》”,《外语与外语教学》2006年第9期
①参见第二章第二节第五小点
②Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006.p.129
① Martha P. Y. Cheung, "A new interpretation of the earliest Chinese 'To translate' means 'to exchange'?--attempts to define translation ('fanyi')", Target 17:1 2005, pp.27-48
② Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.43
①黄德先,“译者形象的重建—伊恩·梅森访谈”,《东方翻译》2010年第1期
② John Sinclair, COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (New Edition),1995;上海外语教育出版社,2000
③《新牛津英汉双解大词典》,上海外语教育出版社.2007
④许均,引自刘传珠,“翻译的本质：间接认识,易语表达”,《湛江师范学院学报》2004年第5期
⑤ Roman Jakobson, On linguistic aspects of translation, Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.146
① Roger T. Bell, Translation and Translating:Theory and Practice, Bucharest: Polirom,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2001,p.5
② J. C.Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford:Oxford University Press.1965. p.20
④陈小慰,《语言·功能·翻译—汉英翻译理论与实践》,福建教育出版社,1998,第6页
③ Eugene. A.Nida. Principles of translation exemplified by Bible translation.1959, p.19
① Wolfram Wilss, The Science of Translation:Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.62
② Peter Newmark, About Translation, Multilingual Matters Limited,1991, p.35
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.134
②汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496-497页
③ Juliane House, Translation Quality Assessment:A model revisited, Tubingen:Gunter Narr,1997, pp.30-3
④ Basil Hatim & Ian Mason, Translator as Communicator, London and New York:Routledge,1997, p.1
① Benjamin Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet, (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.77
② Vermeer, in Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA.1991, p.12
③ Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.18
④在张美芳、王克非主译的《译有所为》(外语教学与研究出版社,2005,23页)中,partly verbal译为“部分口头形式的”。
① Gideon Toury, Descriptive Translation Studies-and beyond, Amsterdam:John Benjamins1995, p.56谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,第3页
② Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999. p.2
③ Andre Lefevere, Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004a,p.2
① Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account, London:Routledge,2006, p.2
② Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.1
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496页
④ Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.384
①Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,2,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.257
②Susan Bassnett & AndreLefevere,Constructing Culture: Essays on Literary Translation,1998;上海外语教育出版社,2001,Preface
①Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.129-130
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.130-132
② Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account, London:Routledge.2006, p.133
③王克非,《翻译文化史论》,上海外语教育出版社,1997,127页
① Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.273
② Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives, New York PRENTICE-HALL, INC.,1945, p.25
③ Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.71;陈浪译,谢天振主编,《当代国外翻译理论导读》,南开大学出版社,2008,321页
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,154-155页
②汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,440
③肯尼斯·博克等,《当代西方修辞学：演讲与话语批评》,常昌富,顾宝桐译,中国社会科学出版社,1998,73页
④Andre Lefevere, Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook,1992,上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.2
⑤James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.84
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,175页
②从莱庭徐鲁亚编著,《西方修辞学》,上海外语教育出版社,2007,394页
③Roberto Mayoral Asensio, Translating Official Documents, St. Jerome Publishing,2003,上海外语教育出版社,2008,p.37
①赫胥黎原著,严复译述,《天演论》,严译名著丛刊,商务印书馆发行,1931(1982重印),吴序
② Roberto Mayoral Asensio, Translating Official Documents, St. Jerome Publishing,2003,上海外语教育出版社,2008,p.3
③ ibid. p.11
① Basil Hatim & Ian Mason, Discourse and the Translator, London and New York:Longman,1990, p.11
② Andrew Chesterman, "On the Interdisciplinarity of Translation Studies", Logos and Language, Vol.Ⅲ, No.1,2002, p.8
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》, 洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,400页
④谢天振主编,《翻译的理论建构与文化透视》, 上海外语教育出版社,2000
⑤西奥·赫尔曼,“翻译的再现”,同上,第5页。
⑥赫胥黎原著,严复译述,《天演论》,严译名著丛刊,商务印书馆发行,1931(1982重印),译例言
①谢天振,“译者的诞生与原作者的‘死亡’”,《中国比较文学》,2002年第4期
②王东风,“形式的复活：从诗学的角度反思文学翻译”,《中国翻译》2010年第1期
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,131页
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,译者前言,第5-6页
② Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and method, Second, Revised Edition, The Crossroad Publishing Corporation,1989, p.146
③张汝伦,《意义的探究-当代西方释义学》,辽宁人民出版社,1986,172
④ Edwin Gentzler,转引自王宏志,《重释“信、达、雅”——20世纪中国翻译研究》,清华大学出版社,2007,第1页
⑤ Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn, Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,pp.112-113
①Douglas Robinson,The Translator's Turn,Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.257
②ibid,p.119
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,496-498页
① Umberto Eco et al, Interpretation and Overinterpretation, Stefan Collini, ed.,Cambridge University Press,1992, p.39
② Ibid.25
③安贝托·艾科等,《诠释与过度诠释》, 斯特凡·科里尼编,王宇根译,生活·读书·新知三联书店,2005,33页
④ Umberto Eco et al, Interpretation and Overinterpretation, Stefan Collini, ed.,Cambridge University Press,1992, p.10
① Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.52
②张汝伦,《意义的探究——当代西方释义学》, 辽宁人民出版社,1986,58页
① Linell Davis, Doing Culture,外语教学与研究出版,2001,p.24
② Cited in Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language:Linguistic Theories Explained,外语教学与研究出版社,2007,p.5
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,574页
④ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.12
⑤ Mona Baker, Linguistic Perspectives on Translation, in France, Peter (ed), The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford, Oxford University Press,2000, p.22
① Susan Bassnett & Andr6Lefevere, Constructing Culture:Essays on Literary Translation,1998上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.48
② Terry Eagleton, Ideology, Verso,1991.p.37
③ Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Terry Eagleton,1996, p.4
④汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004 390-391页
⑤刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,241页
①John Sinclair,COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY(New Edition),1995;上海外语教育出版社,2000
②同上
③同上
①李国南,见陈汝东,《修辞学论文集》北京大学出版社,2005,49页
②曾毅平,《修辞与社会语用论稿》,中国社会科学出版社,2005,第4-5页
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,106-107页
④参见李军,《话语修辞理论与实践》,上海外语教育出版社,2008,32页
⑤刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,25页
⑥同上,24页
⑦同上,106页
① Kristin R. Woolever, in Clayann Gilliam Panetta ed., Contrastive Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.,2001, p.65
② Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999, p.6-7
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第3-4页
① Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.55
② Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.29
③刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,112-113页
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,391-396页
①同上,500-501页
② Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory:An Introduction, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.,1996, p.69
③ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, pp.86-87
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric A Treatise on Argumentation [M]. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.116
②刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,76页
③汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,498-499页
④陈明远,《光明日报》,1998年4月16日
①冀临,“词语的力量”,《科幻世界》,1993第8期
①汉斯-格奥尔格·加达默尔,《真理与方法》,洪汉鼎译,上海译文出版社,2004,571页
② Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture, Random House,1998, p.14
③ J.L.Austin. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press 1962. n.5
⑤刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,p.298
④ Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p.77
⑥ Douglas Robinson, The Translator's Turn [M]. Johns Hopkins University Press,1991;外语教学与研究出版社,2006,p.195
① Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power, Ed. John Thompson, Polity Press,1991, p,4
②此为2010年8月15日搜索结果
①陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,经济科学出版社,2006,210页
② Mona Baker, Translation and Conflict:A Narrative Account. London:Routledge.2006, pp.122-123
③ Clayann Gilliam Panetta ed., Contrastive Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc 2001, p.63
①林戊荪,“学英语与做翻译”,福建省译协讲座,2005年4月
②《大众科技报》,“从猕猴桃到奇异果”,新华网2003年11月6日
③Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge.1993, p.9
①熊光楷,“外国人误解了‘韬光养晦’”,《羊城晚报》,中国日报网,2010年9月19日
①参见中新网,“日本受原子弹攻击竟因首相文件翻译出错”,2010年6月13日
②《东南快报》,“央行：坚持以市场供求为基础增强汇率弹性”,2010年6月20日
③智库百科http://wiki.mbalib.com
①本小节部分内容参见陈小慰,“语用与翻译中言语资源的得体利用”,《中国翻译》.2008年第6期
② Wei, Yong-Kang, "Translation as a Rhetorical Move:Exploring Effectiveness of Professional Translation",第十八届世界翻译大会参会论文,2008年8月
③ Sonja K. Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, p.192
④ James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001. p.13-14
①张汝伦,《意义的探究——当代西方释义学》,辽宁人民出版社,1986,70页
②玛格丽特·阿特伍德,《使女的故事》,陈小慰译,江苏译林出版社2001、2008
参见陈小慰,“论文学翻译中的作品研究——《使女的故事》翻译谈”, 香港《翻译季刊》第24期,2002
②杰弗里·迪弗,《蓝色虚拟空间》,陈小慰译,《译林》2003年第5期；译林出版社,2004
①陈小慰,“通俗文学对译者的挑战”,《中国翻译》2005年第2期
②同上
① Kenneth Burke, A Grammar of Motives. New York:Prentice-Hall, Inc,1945, p.227
②谭学纯、唐跃、朱玲,《接受修辞学》(增订本),安徽大学出版社,2000,133页
③王希杰.《汉语修辞学》,商务印书馆,2005,203页
① Mona Baker, In Other Words:A Coursebook on Translation.1992;外语教学与研究出版社,2000,p.112
②陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,.经济科学出版社,2006,147页
①谭学纯唐跃朱玲,《接受修辞学》(增订本),安徽大学出版社,2000,9-11页
①陈小慰,“网络的双刃剑——析《蓝色虚拟空间》”,《译林》,2003年第5期
②钱冠连,《语言：人类最后的家园》,商务印书馆,2005,224页
①张南峰,“走出死胡同建立翻译学”,《中国翻译》,1995.第4期
②陈小慰,“简评‘译文功能理论”’,《上海科技翻译》,1995.第4期
③贾文波,《应用翻译功能论》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
①卞建华崔永禄,“功能主义目的论在中国的引进、应用与研究(1987-2005)”, 《解放军外国语学院学报》2006第5期
② Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,39
③ Christiane Nord,'Text Analysis in Translator Training", Teaching Translation and Interpreting, ed. by Cay Dollerup and Anne Loddegaard, John Benjamins Publishing Company,1992,p.40
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.126
② Ibid,p.32
③ Ibid,p.38
④ Ibid,D.32
⑤ Ibid,p.123
① Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA,1991,p.22-23
② Mona Baker, In Other Words:A Coursebook on Translation.1992;外语教学与研究出版社,2000,p.6
③西奥·赫尔曼,“翻译的再现”,谢天振主编,《翻译的理论建构与文化透视》,上海外语教育出版社,2000,第5页
④ Edwin Gentzler, Contemporary Translation Theories, Routledge,1993, p.78
⑤ Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.123
⑥谢天振,《中西翻译简史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2009,7-17页
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.113
② Mark Shuttleworth& Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999, p.156;谭载喜译,《翻译研究词典》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005,P.213
③ Theo Hermans, Translation in Systems:Descriptive and System-Oriented Approaches Explained, Manchester:St. Jerome.1999, p.9
①陈小慰,“翻译功能理论的启示——对某些翻译方法的新思考”,《中国翻译》2000年第4期
②Christiane Nord,Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997；上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.38
③ibid,p.109-122
④卞建华 崔永禄,“功能主义目的论在中国的引进、应用与研究(1987-2005)”,《解放军外国语学院学报》2006年第5期
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.12
② Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA,1991,p.51
③ Ibid,p.52
④ Ibid,p.132
⑤ Ibid,p.95-96
⑥ Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.32
⑦ Ibid, p.60
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.62
② ibid,2001,p.63
③ Ibid,p.125
④ Ibid,p.123
⑤ Christiane Nord, Text Analysis in Translation, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA,1991,p.4
⑥ Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, Dictionary of Translation Studies, STJEROME publishing,1999, p.117
① Christiane Nord, Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained,1997;上海外语教育出版社,2001,p.18
② ibid, p.35
③温科学,《20世纪西方修辞学理论研究》, 中国社会科学出版社,2006,153页
④刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,第2页
①本小节内容参见陈小慰,韦努蒂“异化”理论话语的修辞分析[J].《中国翻译》,2010年第4期
②郭建中,“韦努蒂及其解构主义的翻译策略”,《中国翻译》2000年第1期；“韦努蒂访谈录”,《中国翻译》,2008年第3期；“异化与归化：道德态度与话语策略”,《中国翻译》2009年第2期
③郭建中,“翻译中的文化因素：归化与异化”,《外国语》,1998年第2期
① Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, pp.6,53
② Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, pp.284-286
③ Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
④ ibid, p.148
①Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
②Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998,p.11
③Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, p.341
④蒋骁华 张景华,“重新解读韦努蒂的异化翻译理论”,《中国翻译》2007年第3期
⑤Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
⑥Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.2
①刘亚猛,“韦努蒂的‘翻译伦理’及其自我结构”,《中国翻译》2005第5期
② Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000, p.341
③刘亚猛,“韦努蒂的‘翻译伦理’及其自我结构”,《中国翻译》2005第5期
④ Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.6
Lawrence Venuti (ed.), The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge,2000,p.468
① Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
② Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture—Moving from Debate to Dialogue, Random House,1998, pp.3-8
③ ibid.p.105
④ ibid,p.208
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,23-26页
②Deborah Tannen, The Argument Culture—Moving from Debate to Dialogue, Random House,1998,p.10
③Maeve Olohan (ed.), Intercultural Faultlines, ST JEROME PUBLISHING, 2000, p.183
① Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation--owards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998,p.11
③马会娟,“对西方翻译理论家
② Ibid,p.10 Lawrence Venuti异化翻译理论的再思考”,《天津外国语学院学报》,2006年第1期
④ Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.35
⑤ Basil Hatim & Ian Mason, The Translator as Communicator, Routledge,1996, p.27
⑥ Eugene A.Nida, Toward a Science of Translating, Leiden:Brill,1964, p.142
①陈焰,转引自汪榕培,《比较与翻译》,上海外语教育出版社1997,216页
② Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (ed.), Theories of Translation:An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida, The University of Chicago Press,1992, p.21
③ Ibid, p.119
① LawrenceVenuti, The Translator's Invisibility, London:Routledge.1995;上海外语教育出版社,2004,p.20
②郭建中,“异化与归化：道德态度与话语策略”,《中国翻译》2009年第2期
③ Lawrence Venuti, The Scandals of Translation—Towards an ethics of difference, London:Routledge,1998, p.188
①吴文安朱刚,“翻译策略的语境和方向”,《外国文学评论》,2006年第2期
②James A Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric:An Introduction. Boston:Allyn and Bacon,2001, p.225
③吴文安朱刚,“翻译策略的语境和方向”,《外国文学评论》,2006年第2期
①陈小慰, “福建外宣翻译的现状与对策”, 《福建省首届外事翻译研讨会论文集》,福建省翻译协会,2007
②胡河宁,“象征性互动：组织传播的意义生产过程”,人民网,2010年06月13日
①《统一论坛》,.2009年第5期
②《现代汉语词典》[M].中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室,外语教学与研究出版社2002
③Larousse English Dictionary (?)arousse-Rordas,1997
④Ibid.
① John Sinclair, COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY(New Edition),1995上海外语教育出版社,2000
②窦卫霖祝平,“对官方口号翻译有效性的实证研究”,《中国翻译》2009年第5期
①刘亚猛,“原驰白象”,《外国语言文学》,2009年第1期
①本节部分内容参见陈小慰,“外宣翻译中‘认同’的建立”,《中国翻译》,2007年第1期
② Clayann Gilliam Panetta ed., Contrastive Rhetoric Revisited and Redefined, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 2001, pp.20,22,60
①刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》, 三联书店,2004,104-108页
②林语堂,《吾国与吾民》,中国戏剧出版社,1990,77页
③卡恩,转引自刘亚猛,《追求象征的力量：关于西方修辞思想的思考》,三联书店,2004,25页
①张汝伦,《意义的探究——当代西方释义学》, 辽宁人民出版社,1986,67页
②陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,经济科学出版社,2006,267页
③翟树耀,《对外宣传报道与英语写作》,厦门大学出版社,2001,28
①曾毅平,《修辞与社会语用论稿》,中国社会科学出版社,2005,352-353页
①陈小慰,《新编实用翻译教程》,经济科学出版社,2006,151页
② I,in Yntang Moment in Peking Fnreign Language Teaching and Research Press 1999.p.551.
③ Josephine A. Matthews, "Where Angels Dare to Tread", Chinese Literature,1995 (3)
①厉振仪编著,姚红译,《中国古代风俗一百则》,中国对外翻译出版公司,1999
②王宁,《视角：翻译学研究》,第二卷,Cay Dollerup主编,王宁中文版主编,清华大学出版社,2004,p.Ⅳ-Ⅴ
③Sonja K Foss et al, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric.3rd ed. Waveland Press, Inc.,2002, P.87
④本小节内容参见陈小慰,“《于丹<论语>心得》英译本的修辞解读”,《福州大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2010年第6期
①郎咸平,《郎咸平说 谁在谋杀中国经济：附身中国人的文化魔咒》,东方出版社,2009
②刘绍铭,《鹿鼎记》英译漫谈http://jinyong.ylib.com.tw/research/thesis/4-11.htm,2000.
①中国图书对外推广网http://www.cbi.gov.cn
②刘亚猛,《西方修辞学史》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008,318页
③ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. [M]. University of North Dam Press,1969, p.19
① Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation.[M]. University of North Dam Press,1969, pp.20,25
②中国图书对外推广网http://www.cbi.gov.cn
①陈小慰,“外宣翻译中‘认同’的建立”,《中国翻译》,2007年第1期
①于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006,第6页
② Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.15
③ Ch.Perelman and L.Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric:A Treatise on Argumentation. [M]. University of Norm Dam Press,1969, p.32
④于丹,《于丹论语心得》, 中华书局,2006,17页
⑤ Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.31
① Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.23
①于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006,114页
②Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.181
①于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006,17页
② Esther Tyldesley, Confucius from the Heart,中华书局,2009,p.31
③于丹,《于丹论语心得》,中华书局,2006，第8页
④同上,13页
①杨建华编著,《西方译学理论辑要》,天津大学出版社,2009,前言,第6页
① Edwin Gentzler, "Interdisciplinary Connections", Perspectives:Studies in Translatology,《视角：翻译学研究》,第二卷,Cay Dollerup主编,中文版主编王宁,清华大学出版社,2004,p.19
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