管理学实证方法的语义分析模型
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摘要
二十世纪初实证方法的引入标志着管理学的诞生，实证方法的深化引领着管理学的发展，实证方法是现代管理学的根本研究方法。当前管理学实证研究中，对实证方法本身尚缺乏本质认识，造成了超验和形而上学管理学理论的出现；管理学实证方法整体结构、层次关系和逻辑关联尚缺乏明确界定，造成了实证对象的模糊、实证领域的混淆和实证方法的误用。
实证思想发端于启蒙运动，是自然科学摆脱宗教信仰和形而上学，以理性精神探求世界的宣言。现代数理逻辑使实证思想发展为具体的可操作的科学研究方法，随之产生的语言转向使各门学科重新反思作为研究工具的语言。许多管理学问题不是由于研究对象，而是由于作为研究方法的语言引起的。所有的管理学理论都通过语言表达，所有的管理学方法也通过语言得到显示。从语义层面分析不同的方法表现为不同的命题形式，怎样使用语言实际上决定了怎样使用研究方法。管理学方法论问题本质上是语言问题。
通过实证方法的历史考察，梳理出管理学实证方法的整体结构。以此为基础，运用数理逻辑、语义学语用学和复杂科学管理方法，按照信息系统开发生命周期法，通过三个阶段工作，构建出管理学实证方法的语义分析模型。在总体分析阶段，阐明了语义模型的研究对象、必要性和基本功能等规划思路；在总体设计阶段，通过五个步骤的转换过程，将管理学实证方法转化为语义分析的整体模型；在详细设计阶段，将管理学实证研究中每个层次上的方法转化为相对应的命题描述，并定义了每一类命题的逻辑形式与语义性质。最后应用语义模型分析了四个管理学理论方法论使用中的语言问题。
通过建立语义模型，将各种管理学方法论在语言层面进行整合，使管理学方法成为一个具有关联性和层次性的有机整体。对管理学实证方法的原则和标准进行规范，划清了实证研究与非实证研究的界限。对管理学理论使用的方法进行分析，避免误用实证方法造成的超验的管理学理论和无意义的管理学命题。
The introduction of empirical method in early twentieth century marks the birthof Management, the deepening of the empirical methods leading managementdevelopment. Empirical method is the fundamental research methods of modernmanagement. But current Management empirical research still lack essentialunderstanding to empirical methodology, resulting in some transcendent andmetaphysical management theory. Management overall structure of the empiricalmethod, hierarchical relations and the logical relationship is still lack clearly defined,resulting in the blur of the empirical object, empirical filed confusion and misuse ofempirical methods.
Positivism originated in the Enlightenment, is the declaration for naturalscience to get rid of religion and metaphysics and the rational spirit to explore theworld. Modern mathematical logic made empirical thinking into specific operationalscientific method, and led to the Linguistic Turn which made each variousdisciplines to rethink the language as a research tool. Many management problemsare not due to the object of study, but due to the language as the research method. AllManagement theory is expressed through language, all management method isappeared through language. From the semantic analysis, different managementmethod is expressed by different proposition form. How to use language effectivelydecided how to use research methods. In essence, management methodologyproblem is a language problem.
Tease out the overall structure of management empirical method throughhistorical survey on empirical method. On this basis, using mathematical logic,Semantics, Pragmatics and Complex Scientific Management methods, in accordancewith the life cycle on information systems development, through three stages tobuild out a semantic model on managerment empirical methodology. In the overallanalysis phase, clarify the planning ideas, such as research object, necessity andbasic functions of this model. In the overall design stage, through five-stepconversion processes, transform management empirical methods into the overallsemantic model. In the detailed design stage, thransform all management empiricalmethod on each level into corresponding proposition description, and define thelogical form and semantic properties on each type of proposition. Finally using the semantic model, clarified language problems in management methodology throughfour cases.
Through establish the semantic model, unified management methodology inlanguage level, and make management methods become an organic whole withassociated and structured. Regulate the principles and standards of managementempirical method, and delineate the boundaries of empirical research andnon-empirical research. Analysis the use of management methods, and avoidtranscendent management theory and meaningless management proposition bymisuse management empirical method.
实证思想发端于启蒙运动，是自然科学摆脱宗教信仰和形而上学，以理性精神探求世界的宣言。现代数理逻辑使实证思想发展为具体的可操作的科学研究方法，随之产生的语言转向使各门学科重新反思作为研究工具的语言。许多管理学问题不是由于研究对象，而是由于作为研究方法的语言引起的。所有的管理学理论都通过语言表达，所有的管理学方法也通过语言得到显示。从语义层面分析不同的方法表现为不同的命题形式，怎样使用语言实际上决定了怎样使用研究方法。管理学方法论问题本质上是语言问题。
通过实证方法的历史考察，梳理出管理学实证方法的整体结构。以此为基础，运用数理逻辑、语义学语用学和复杂科学管理方法，按照信息系统开发生命周期法，通过三个阶段工作，构建出管理学实证方法的语义分析模型。在总体分析阶段，阐明了语义模型的研究对象、必要性和基本功能等规划思路；在总体设计阶段，通过五个步骤的转换过程，将管理学实证方法转化为语义分析的整体模型；在详细设计阶段，将管理学实证研究中每个层次上的方法转化为相对应的命题描述，并定义了每一类命题的逻辑形式与语义性质。最后应用语义模型分析了四个管理学理论方法论使用中的语言问题。
通过建立语义模型，将各种管理学方法论在语言层面进行整合，使管理学方法成为一个具有关联性和层次性的有机整体。对管理学实证方法的原则和标准进行规范，划清了实证研究与非实证研究的界限。对管理学理论使用的方法进行分析，避免误用实证方法造成的超验的管理学理论和无意义的管理学命题。
The introduction of empirical method in early twentieth century marks the birthof Management, the deepening of the empirical methods leading managementdevelopment. Empirical method is the fundamental research methods of modernmanagement. But current Management empirical research still lack essentialunderstanding to empirical methodology, resulting in some transcendent andmetaphysical management theory. Management overall structure of the empiricalmethod, hierarchical relations and the logical relationship is still lack clearly defined,resulting in the blur of the empirical object, empirical filed confusion and misuse ofempirical methods.
Positivism originated in the Enlightenment, is the declaration for naturalscience to get rid of religion and metaphysics and the rational spirit to explore theworld. Modern mathematical logic made empirical thinking into specific operationalscientific method, and led to the Linguistic Turn which made each variousdisciplines to rethink the language as a research tool. Many management problemsare not due to the object of study, but due to the language as the research method. AllManagement theory is expressed through language, all management method isappeared through language. From the semantic analysis, different managementmethod is expressed by different proposition form. How to use language effectivelydecided how to use research methods. In essence, management methodologyproblem is a language problem.
Tease out the overall structure of management empirical method throughhistorical survey on empirical method. On this basis, using mathematical logic,Semantics, Pragmatics and Complex Scientific Management methods, in accordancewith the life cycle on information systems development, through three stages tobuild out a semantic model on managerment empirical methodology. In the overallanalysis phase, clarify the planning ideas, such as research object, necessity andbasic functions of this model. In the overall design stage, through five-stepconversion processes, transform management empirical methods into the overallsemantic model. In the detailed design stage, thransform all management empiricalmethod on each level into corresponding proposition description, and define thelogical form and semantic properties on each type of proposition. Finally using the semantic model, clarified language problems in management methodology throughfour cases.
Through establish the semantic model, unified management methodology inlanguage level, and make management methods become an organic whole withassociated and structured. Regulate the principles and standards of managementempirical method, and delineate the boundaries of empirical research andnon-empirical research. Analysis the use of management methods, and avoidtranscendent management theory and meaningless management proposition bymisuse management empirical method.
引文
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