南蛇藤果实化学成分和药理活性研究
|
摘要
南蛇藤(Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.)系卫矛科南蛇藤属植物，广泛分布于全国各地。南蛇藤主要含有倍半萜类、黄酮类、二萜类等化合物，据文献报道，其果实性平，味甘、微苦，具有镇静、催眠、抗炎、抗癌、昆虫拒食等作用，在我国东北及山东部分地区代替中药合欢花使用，为搞清其有效成分，我们进行了化学和药理学研究。
从南蛇藤干燥果实的乙醇提取物中，通过各种色谱手段(硅胶柱、大孔树脂柱、凝胶柱、RP-HPLC等)分离得到42个化合物，通过理化常数测定、波谱数据分析(UV，NMR，2DNMR和MS等)和化学方法，鉴定了37个化合物的结构，分别为：1β，6α-二乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α-diacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，1)，6α，13-二乙酰氧基-1β，8β，9β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6α，13-diacetoxy-1β，8β，9α-tribenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，2)，1β，2β，13-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2p，13-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，3)，1β-乙酰氧基-9α-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β-acetoxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，4)，1β-乙酰氧基-6α，9α-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β-acetoxy-6α，9α-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，5)，1β，6α，8β-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α，8β-triaceloxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，6)，1β，6α-二乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-8β-肉桂酰氧-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-8β-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，7)，1β，2β-二乙酰氧基-9α-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2β-diacetoxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，8)，1β，2β，6α-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2β，6α-triacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，9)，6α-乙酰氧基-1β，8β，9β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6α-acetoxy-1β，8β，9β-tribenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，10)，1β，6α，13-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α，13-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，11)，1β，6α-二乙酰氧基-8β，9β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α-diacetox-y-8β，9β-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，12)，6α-乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-1β-肉桂酰氧基-8β-丁酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6α-acetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-1β-cinnamoyloxy-8β-butanoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，13)，1β，2β-二乙酰氧基-6α-苯甲酰氧基-9α-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2β-diacetoxy-6α-benzoyloxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，14)，1β，8β-二乙酰氧基-9β-肉桂酰氧基-2β-己酰氧基-β-
二氢沉香吠喃(lp，sp一diaeeto称一gp一einnamoyloxy一Zp一hexan叮Ioxy一p一dihydroagarofuran，15)，
6a一乙酞氧基一gp一苯甲酞氧基一lp一肉桂酞氧基一sp一(2一甲基丁酞氧基卜p一二氢沉香吠喃
(6a心ceto科一gp一benzoylo拟一lp一innamoyloxy一sp一(2一methylbutan叮10材)一p刁ihydroagarofuran，
16)，lp，Zp， sa-三乙酞氧基一ga一肉桂酞氧基一p一二氢沉香峡喃(lp，Zp，sa一riacetoXy一ga-
cinnamoyfoxy一p一hydroagarofuran 17)，6a一乙酞氧基一lp，gp一二苯甲酞氧基一sp一轻基一p一二氢沉
香吠喃(6。一acetoxy一lp，9卜dibenz叮10翔一8卜hydro秒一p刁ihydro鳃aro九ran，18)，lp，6a一二乙酞
氧基一gp一苯甲酞氧基一sp一轻基一p一二氢沉香峡喃(lp，6a一diacetoxy一gp一benzoyloxy-
8卜hydroxy一p一dihydroagarofuran，19)，lp，Zp，6a一三乙酸氧基一ga-肉桂酞氧基一p一二氢沉香映
喃(lp，Zp，6a一triaceto材一ga一einnamoylo翔一p一dihydroagarofuran，20)，lp，Zp，6a，13一四乙酞氧
基一ga一肉桂酸氧基一p一二氢沉香吠喃(lp，Zp，6a，13一tetraaeetoxy一ga一cinnamoyloxy-
卜dihydroagarofuran，21)，6a一乙酞氧基一lp，sp一二苯甲酞氧基一gp一轻基一p一二氢沉香吠喃
(6a一aeeto砂一lp，8卜dibenzoylo林一gp一hydro材一p一dihydroagarofuran，22)，山奈酚(kaempfero!，
23)，棚皮素(quercetin，24)，山奈酚一7一o-a一L一鼠李糖普(kaempferol一7一o-a一L一thamnoside，25)，
榭皮素一7一O一a一L一鼠李糖营(quercetin一7一o-a一L一rhamnoside，26)，LIJ奈酚一3，7一o-a一L一二鼠李糖
营(kaempferol一3，7一o-a一L一dirhamnoside，27)，LlJ蔡酚一7一。一a一L一鼠李糖基一3一o-p一D一葡萄糖基
(l~4卜a一L一鼠李糖昔(kaempferol一7一O一a一L一rhamnosyl一3一O-卜D一glueopyranoyl(l一
4卜a·L一dirhamnoside，28)，苯甲酸( benzoie acid，29)，2一经基苯甲酸(2一ydroxy benzoie acid，30)，
3，4一二轻基苯甲酸(3，4一dihydroxy benzoie aeid 31)，4一经基苯甲醛(4一hydro称benZaldehyde，
32)，香草酸(vanillie acid，33)，(65，7aR}6一轻基一4，4，7a一三甲基一5，6，7，7a-四氢?
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. is a member of family Celastraceae. It is a traditional herbal medicine which is widely distributed in China. The constituents of Celastrus orbiculatus are complicated, such as sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, tripenes et al. Its fruits had activities in tranquilization, hypnogenesis, antiinflammation, antitumor, antifeedant, and had been used as the substitute of flowers of Albizia julibrissin. In order to find the active constituents, the systemic studies on its chemistry and pharmacology were carried out.
42 constituents were isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus by using open-column chromatograph, and PHPLC methods et al. On the basis of analysis of UV, NMR, MS data and physico-chemical constants, the structures of 37 compounds were identified as following: 1β, 6a-diacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (1), 6a, 13-diacetoxy-1β, 8β, 9a-tribenzoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (2) , 1β, 2β, 13-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydro-agarofuran (3), lβ-acetoxy-9a-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (4), 1 B-acetoxy-6a, 9a-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (5), 1β, 6a 8B-triacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagaro-furan (6), 1β, 6a-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-8β-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (7), la, 2a-diacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (8), 1β, 2β, 6a-triacetoxy- 9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofunan (9), 6a-acetoxy-1β, 8β, 9β-tribenzoyloxy-β- dihydroagarofuran (10), 1B, 6a,
13-triacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (11), 1β, 6a-diacetoxy-8β, 9β-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (12), 6a-acetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-1β-cinnamoyloxy-8p-butanoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (13), 1β, 2β-diacetoxy-6a-benzoyloxy-9a-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagaro-furan (14), 1β, 8β-diacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-2β-hexanoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofiiran (15), 6a-acetoxy-9p-benzoyloxy-lp-cinnamoyloxy-8β-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-β-dihydroagarofuran (16), la, 2a, 8p-triacetoxy-9p-cinnamoyloxy-8β-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-β-dihydroagarofuran (17), 6a-acetoxy-lβ, 9β-dibenzoyloxy-8p-hydroxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (18), iβ, 2β, 6a-triacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (19),1β, 2β, 6a-triacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (20), 1β, 2β, 6a, 13-tetraacetoxy-9p-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (21), 6a-acetoxy-1β, 8β-dibenzoyloxy-9β-hydroxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (22), kaempferol (23), quercetin (24), kaempferol-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside (25), quercetin-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside (26) , kaempferol-3,7-O-a-L-dirhamnoside (27), kaempferol-7-O-a
-L-rhamnosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl(1-4)-a-L- dirhamnoside (28), benzoic acid (29), 2-hydroxy benzoicacid, (30), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (31), 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (32), vanillic acid (33), (6S, 7aR)-6-hydroxy-4, 4, 7a-trimethyl-5, 6, 7, 7a-tetradihydrobenzofuran- 2(4H)-one (34), 3, 4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-benzyl-lH-pyrrolo[2, l-c][1, 4]oxazine-6-carboxaldehyde (35), p-sitosterol (36), daucosterol (37).
Among them, compound 2 , 3, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21 and 22 are new compounds; compound 35 is a new natural product; compounds 28~34 were first isolated from this genus.
A review on the type of structures, the spectral characters and so on of p-dihydroagarofuran was given based on the literatures and our research work.
The pharmacological experiments showed that the extract of fruits of C. orbiculatus had no effects on spontaneous movements of mice, so the use of fruits should be discussed further instead ofAlbiziajulibrissin flowers.
The experiments inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells indicated that p-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene esters, isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus, had obvious activity of inhibiting the proliferation in Hela and A375-S2 cells at the concentration of 40ug/ml.
In vitro experiments of anti-inflammation, the ethanol extract of the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus suppressed the NF-kB activation and NO production and the active part should be the petroleum ether partition of fruits extract. Extended research showed that the main chemical constituents of petroleum ether part, β-dihydroagarofuran se
从南蛇藤干燥果实的乙醇提取物中，通过各种色谱手段(硅胶柱、大孔树脂柱、凝胶柱、RP-HPLC等)分离得到42个化合物，通过理化常数测定、波谱数据分析(UV，NMR，2DNMR和MS等)和化学方法，鉴定了37个化合物的结构，分别为：1β，6α-二乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α-diacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，1)，6α，13-二乙酰氧基-1β，8β，9β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6α，13-diacetoxy-1β，8β，9α-tribenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，2)，1β，2β，13-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2p，13-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，3)，1β-乙酰氧基-9α-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β-acetoxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，4)，1β-乙酰氧基-6α，9α-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β-acetoxy-6α，9α-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，5)，1β，6α，8β-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α，8β-triaceloxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，6)，1β，6α-二乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-8β-肉桂酰氧-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-8β-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，7)，1β，2β-二乙酰氧基-9α-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2β-diacetoxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，8)，1β，2β，6α-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2β，6α-triacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，9)，6α-乙酰氧基-1β，8β，9β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6α-acetoxy-1β，8β，9β-tribenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，10)，1β，6α，13-三乙酰氧基-9α-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α，13-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，11)，1β，6α-二乙酰氧基-8β，9β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，6α-diacetox-y-8β，9β-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，12)，6α-乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-1β-肉桂酰氧基-8β-丁酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(6α-acetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-1β-cinnamoyloxy-8β-butanoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，13)，1β，2β-二乙酰氧基-6α-苯甲酰氧基-9α-肉桂酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1β，2β-diacetoxy-6α-benzoyloxy-9α-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran，14)，1β，8β-二乙酰氧基-9β-肉桂酰氧基-2β-己酰氧基-β-
二氢沉香吠喃(lp，sp一diaeeto称一gp一einnamoyloxy一Zp一hexan叮Ioxy一p一dihydroagarofuran，15)，
6a一乙酞氧基一gp一苯甲酞氧基一lp一肉桂酞氧基一sp一(2一甲基丁酞氧基卜p一二氢沉香吠喃
(6a心ceto科一gp一benzoylo拟一lp一innamoyloxy一sp一(2一methylbutan叮10材)一p刁ihydroagarofuran，
16)，lp，Zp， sa-三乙酞氧基一ga一肉桂酞氧基一p一二氢沉香峡喃(lp，Zp，sa一riacetoXy一ga-
cinnamoyfoxy一p一hydroagarofuran 17)，6a一乙酞氧基一lp，gp一二苯甲酞氧基一sp一轻基一p一二氢沉
香吠喃(6。一acetoxy一lp，9卜dibenz叮10翔一8卜hydro秒一p刁ihydro鳃aro九ran，18)，lp，6a一二乙酞
氧基一gp一苯甲酞氧基一sp一轻基一p一二氢沉香峡喃(lp，6a一diacetoxy一gp一benzoyloxy-
8卜hydroxy一p一dihydroagarofuran，19)，lp，Zp，6a一三乙酸氧基一ga-肉桂酞氧基一p一二氢沉香映
喃(lp，Zp，6a一triaceto材一ga一einnamoylo翔一p一dihydroagarofuran，20)，lp，Zp，6a，13一四乙酞氧
基一ga一肉桂酸氧基一p一二氢沉香吠喃(lp，Zp，6a，13一tetraaeetoxy一ga一cinnamoyloxy-
卜dihydroagarofuran，21)，6a一乙酞氧基一lp，sp一二苯甲酞氧基一gp一轻基一p一二氢沉香吠喃
(6a一aeeto砂一lp，8卜dibenzoylo林一gp一hydro材一p一dihydroagarofuran，22)，山奈酚(kaempfero!，
23)，棚皮素(quercetin，24)，山奈酚一7一o-a一L一鼠李糖普(kaempferol一7一o-a一L一thamnoside，25)，
榭皮素一7一O一a一L一鼠李糖营(quercetin一7一o-a一L一rhamnoside，26)，LIJ奈酚一3，7一o-a一L一二鼠李糖
营(kaempferol一3，7一o-a一L一dirhamnoside，27)，LlJ蔡酚一7一。一a一L一鼠李糖基一3一o-p一D一葡萄糖基
(l~4卜a一L一鼠李糖昔(kaempferol一7一O一a一L一rhamnosyl一3一O-卜D一glueopyranoyl(l一
4卜a·L一dirhamnoside，28)，苯甲酸( benzoie acid，29)，2一经基苯甲酸(2一ydroxy benzoie acid，30)，
3，4一二轻基苯甲酸(3，4一dihydroxy benzoie aeid 31)，4一经基苯甲醛(4一hydro称benZaldehyde，
32)，香草酸(vanillie acid，33)，(65，7aR}6一轻基一4，4，7a一三甲基一5，6，7，7a-四氢?
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. is a member of family Celastraceae. It is a traditional herbal medicine which is widely distributed in China. The constituents of Celastrus orbiculatus are complicated, such as sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, tripenes et al. Its fruits had activities in tranquilization, hypnogenesis, antiinflammation, antitumor, antifeedant, and had been used as the substitute of flowers of Albizia julibrissin. In order to find the active constituents, the systemic studies on its chemistry and pharmacology were carried out.
42 constituents were isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus by using open-column chromatograph, and PHPLC methods et al. On the basis of analysis of UV, NMR, MS data and physico-chemical constants, the structures of 37 compounds were identified as following: 1β, 6a-diacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (1), 6a, 13-diacetoxy-1β, 8β, 9a-tribenzoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (2) , 1β, 2β, 13-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydro-agarofuran (3), lβ-acetoxy-9a-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (4), 1 B-acetoxy-6a, 9a-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (5), 1β, 6a 8B-triacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagaro-furan (6), 1β, 6a-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-8β-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (7), la, 2a-diacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (8), 1β, 2β, 6a-triacetoxy- 9β-benzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofunan (9), 6a-acetoxy-1β, 8β, 9β-tribenzoyloxy-β- dihydroagarofuran (10), 1B, 6a,
13-triacetoxy-9a-benzoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (11), 1β, 6a-diacetoxy-8β, 9β-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (12), 6a-acetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-1β-cinnamoyloxy-8p-butanoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (13), 1β, 2β-diacetoxy-6a-benzoyloxy-9a-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagaro-furan (14), 1β, 8β-diacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-2β-hexanoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofiiran (15), 6a-acetoxy-9p-benzoyloxy-lp-cinnamoyloxy-8β-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-β-dihydroagarofuran (16), la, 2a, 8p-triacetoxy-9p-cinnamoyloxy-8β-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-β-dihydroagarofuran (17), 6a-acetoxy-lβ, 9β-dibenzoyloxy-8p-hydroxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (18), iβ, 2β, 6a-triacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (19),1β, 2β, 6a-triacetoxy-9β-cinnamoyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran (20), 1β, 2β, 6a, 13-tetraacetoxy-9p-cinnamoyloxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (21), 6a-acetoxy-1β, 8β-dibenzoyloxy-9β-hydroxy-p-dihydroagarofuran (22), kaempferol (23), quercetin (24), kaempferol-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside (25), quercetin-7-O-a-L-rhamnoside (26) , kaempferol-3,7-O-a-L-dirhamnoside (27), kaempferol-7-O-a
-L-rhamnosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl(1-4)-a-L- dirhamnoside (28), benzoic acid (29), 2-hydroxy benzoicacid, (30), 3, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (31), 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (32), vanillic acid (33), (6S, 7aR)-6-hydroxy-4, 4, 7a-trimethyl-5, 6, 7, 7a-tetradihydrobenzofuran- 2(4H)-one (34), 3, 4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-benzyl-lH-pyrrolo[2, l-c][1, 4]oxazine-6-carboxaldehyde (35), p-sitosterol (36), daucosterol (37).
Among them, compound 2 , 3, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21 and 22 are new compounds; compound 35 is a new natural product; compounds 28~34 were first isolated from this genus.
A review on the type of structures, the spectral characters and so on of p-dihydroagarofuran was given based on the literatures and our research work.
The pharmacological experiments showed that the extract of fruits of C. orbiculatus had no effects on spontaneous movements of mice, so the use of fruits should be discussed further instead ofAlbiziajulibrissin flowers.
The experiments inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells indicated that p-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpene esters, isolated from the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus, had obvious activity of inhibiting the proliferation in Hela and A375-S2 cells at the concentration of 40ug/ml.
In vitro experiments of anti-inflammation, the ethanol extract of the fruits of Celastrus orbiculatus suppressed the NF-kB activation and NO production and the active part should be the petroleum ether partition of fruits extract. Extended research showed that the main chemical constituents of petroleum ether part, β-dihydroagarofuran se
引文
[1] 中国科学院植物研究所主编．中国高等植物科属检索表．北京：科学出版社，1985，261
[2] 中国科学院植物研究所主编．中国高等植物图鉴(第二册)．北京：科学出版社，1983，658
[3] 江苏新医学院编．中药大辞典(下)．上海：上海人民出版社，1977，1563-1564
[4] Kupchan S. M., Bruning R., Wagner H.. Ubersicht uber die celastraceen-inhaltsstoffe: chemie, chemotaxonomie, biosynthese, pharmakologie. Phytochemistry, 1978, 17:1821-1858
[5] Smith C. R., Miller R. G, et al. Celorbicol, isocelorbicol, and their esters: new sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus orbiculatus, d. Org. Chem. 1976, 41(20): 3264-3269
[6] Wakabayashi N., Wu W. J., Waters R. M., et al. Celanguin: a nonalkaloidal insect antifeedant from Chinese bittersweet Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1988, 51(3): 537-542
[7] Liu J. K., Jia Z. J., Wu D. G, et al. The structure of celaglaumin-antitumor principle of Celastrus glaucophyllus. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1989, 34(19): 1639-1642
[8] Tu Y. Q., Wu D. G, Zhou J., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus gemmatus. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(9): 2923-2926
[9] 刘吉开，吴大刚，贾忠建，等．杀虫植物南蛇藤和粉叶南蛇藤的化学成分简报．云南植物研究，1988，10：256
[10] 涂永强，陈耀祖，吴大刚，等．南蛇藤倍半萜化学成分研究．化学学报，1991，49(10)：1014-1018
[11] Sang H., Wang H. Q., Tu Y. Q., et al. Dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus paniculatus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(5): 1547-1549
[12] Tu Y. Q., Wu T. X., Li Z .Z., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus paniculatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1991, 54(5): 1383-1386
[13] Tu Y. Q.. A new sesquiterpene from Celastrus rosthornianus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1991, 2(12): 935-936
[14] Tu Y. Q.. Structure of two new sesquiterpenoid insect antifeedants from Celastrus rosthornianus, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1991, (2): 425-427
[15] 王国亮，南蓬．新倍半萜酯—苦皮藤酯Ⅰ的结构鉴定．科学通报，1990，35(15)：1156-1158
[16] Tu Y. Q.. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(4): 1321-1322
[17] Tu Y. Q., Chen Y. Z.. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(12): 4169-4171
[18] Wang M. T., Qin H. L., Kong M., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(12): 3931-3933
[19] Tu Y. Q., Wang D. Z., Zhang H. J., et al. Sesquiterpenoids from two species of Celastrus gemmatus. Phytochentistry, 1991, 30(1): 271-273
[20] Wu W. J., Tu Y. Q., Liu H. X., et al. Celangulins: new insecticidal sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus angulatus.J. Nat. Prod., 1992, 55(9): 1294-1298
[21] Tu Y. Q., Tan Z., Wu T. X., et al. Two new sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus rosthornianus. J.. Nat. Prod, 1992, 55(1): 126-128
[22] 王国亮，南蓬，南玉生．苦皮藤酯2，3，4的结构鉴定．植物学报，1992，31(10)：777-780
[23] Tu Y. Q., Hu Y. J., Wu W. J., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(10): 3633-3634
[24] Wu D. G., Liu J. K., Chen C. Q.. Angulatueoid G and H, sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31 (12): 4219-4222
[25] Tu Y. Q., Wu D. G. Chemical constituents and biological activity of Celastraceae plants. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1992, 37(14): 1212-1215
[26] 涂永强，吴大刚．卫矛科植物化学成分及生物活性研究．科学通报，1992，37(3)：266-268
[27] Tu Y. Q., Li Z. Z., Chen Y. Z.. A sesquiterpene from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(4): 1415-1417
[28] 涂永强，吴大刚，张宪民．灯油藤中新倍半萜的研究．高等学校化学学报，1992，13(12)：1548-1550
[29] Tu Y. Q.. A sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(6): 2155-2157
[30] Tu Y. Q.. Sesquiterpenoids from two species of Celastraceae. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(4): 1281-1283
[31] Tu Y. Q., Chen Y. Z. Sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus paniculatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(1): 122-125
[32] Takaishiu Y., Ohshima S., Nakano K., et al. Structures of sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus stephanotiifolius with potential tumor-promotion inhibitory activity. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(6): 815-824
[33] Tu Y. Q., Wu D. G, Li Z .Z., et al. Structure of sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(1): 126-129
[34] Wang Y. H., Tu Y. Q., Chen Y. Z.. A new sesquiterpene from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1994, 5(1): 51-54
[35] Liu J. K., Becker H., Zapp J., et al. Four sesquiterpenes from the insecticidal plant Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1995, 40(3): 841-846
[36] Wang M. A., Chen E H.. Two new sesquiterpenes from Celastrus orbiculatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1995, 6(3): 229-230
[37] 王明安，陈馥衡．南蛇藤昆虫拒食成分的研究．高等学校化学学报，1995，16(8)：1248-1250
[38] Wang M. A., Wang M., Liu J., et al. The chemical structure of celastrine from Celastrus flagellaris. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1995, 6(8): 679-680
[39] Wang M. A., Wang M., Chen F. H., et al. The structure of celastrine B from Celastrus flagellaris. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1995, 6(12): 1047-1048
[40] 王明安，陈馥衡．南蛇藤昆虫拒食成分的研究．高等学校化学学报，1996，17(8)：1250-1252
[41] Kuo Y. H., Chou C.J., Yang K. L., et al. A sesquiterpene ester from Celastrus hindsii. Phytochemistry, 1996, 41(2): 549-551
[42] Zhang K., Wang Y. H., Chen Y. Z.. Two new sesquiterpenes from Celasrus paniculatus.subsp. paniculatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1997, 8(11): 961-964
[43] Wang M. A., Chen F. H.. Sesquiterpene polyol estetrs from Celastrus flagellaris. J. Nat. Prod, 1997,
60(6): 602-603
[44] 王明安，刘军，陈馥衡．刺南蛇藤倍半萜的研究．药学学报，1997，32(5)：368-372
[45] Se E. K, Young H. K., Jung J. L.. A new sesquiterpene ester from Celastrus orbiculatus reversing multidrug resistance in cancer cells. J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61 (1): 108-111
[46] Se E. K., Hang S. K., Young S. H.. Sesquiterpene esters from Celastrus orbiculatus and their structure-activity relationship on the modulation of multidrug resistance. J. Nat. Prod., 1999, 62(5): 697-700
[47] Zhang K., Wang Y. H., Chen Y. Z., et al. Sesquiterpenes from Celastrus paniculatus. Phytochemistry, 1998, 48(6): 1067-1069
[48] Yin W. P., Zhao T. Z., Gao L. J., et al. A novel sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1999, 10(6): 487-490
[49] 国家中医药管理局中华本草编委会．中华本草：第5分册．上海：上海科技出版社，1999，166-176．
[50] Yin W. E, Zhao T. Z., Gao L. J., et al. Structure determination of two new derivatives of sesquiterpenes by NMR techniques. Chinese Journal of Magnetic resonance, 1999, 16(3): 225-229
[51] 王明安，陈馥衡，王明奎，等．南蛇藤种油中的倍半萜成分．天然产物研究与开发，2001，13(2)：5-17
[52] Wu W. J. Wang M. A., Zhu J. B., et al. Five new insecticidal sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64(3): 364-367
[53] Wu W. J., Wang M. A., Zhou W. M., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 2001, 58(8): 1183-1189
[54] Wu W. J., Wang M. A., Liu H. X., et al. Structure and toxicity of narcotic components of Celastrus angulatus. Nongyaoxue Xuebao, 2001, 3(1): 46-50
[55] Jin H. Z., Huang B. Y., Hang S., et al. Antiinflammatory constituents of Celastrus orbiculatus inhibit the NF-KB activation and no production. J. Nat. Prod., 2002, 65(1): 89-91
[56] Wagner H., Heckel E., Sonnenbichler J.. Structure and stereochemie eines sesquiterpen-esters und dreier sesquiterpen-alkaloide von Celastrus paniculatus willd. Tetrahedron, 1975, 31: 1949-1956
[57] 赵德义，常建华，杨韵娜，等．苦皮藤根皮化学成分的研究．西北大学学报，1987，17(4)：118-121
[58] Liu J. K., Wu D. G, Jia Z. J., et al. Short report on the chemical constituents from insecticidal plants Celastrus angulatus and Celastrus glaucophyllus. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 1988, 10(2): 256
[59] 刘吉开，贾忠建，吴大刚，等．南蛇藤植物中四个新生物碱的化学结构．科学通报，1988，(20)： 1586-1588
[60] Liu J. K., Jia Z. J., Wu D. G, et al. Insect antifeeding agents: sesquiterpene alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(8): 2503-2506
[61] 刘吉开，贾忠建，王启光，等．南蛇藤植物中新生物碱的晶体结构．科学通报，1990，(7)：541-544
[62] Cheng C. Q., Wu D. G. Sesquiterpene polyesters from the seeds of insecticidal plant Celastrus angulatus. A cta Botanica Yunnanica, 1990, 12(2): 233-234
[63] Liu J. K., Han X. W., Jia Z. J., et al. Two sesquiterpenes alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(10): 3437-3440
[64] Wu D. G, Cheng C. Q., Liu J. K.. X-ray crystal structure of angulatusine A, a new sesquiterpene alkaloid from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod, 1992, 55(7): 982-985
[65] 刘吉开，韩秀文，吴大刚，等．南蛇藤中倍半萜生物碱的二维NMR研究．波谱学杂志，1992，9(3)： 289-295
[66] Tu Y. Q.. Investigation of chemical constituents from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1992, 3(8): 625-628
[67] Tu Y. Q., Huang G. S., Ma X. L., et al. Alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1992, 55(9): 1320-1322
[68] Chen C. Q., Wu D. G., Liu J. K.. Angulatueoids A-D, four sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31 (8): 2777-2780
[69] Tu Y. Q., Ma Y. X.. Alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemisty, 1993, 32(5): 1339-1342
[70] 涂永强，宋庆宝，武小莉，等．南蛇藤倍半萜成分研究．化学学报，1993，51(4)：404-408
[71] Tu Y. Q., Cui Y. X., Ma Y. X.. A new alkaloid from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1993, 4(3): 219-220
[72] Liu J. K., Chen C. Q., Wu D. G Two sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1993, 32(2): 378-381
[73] Liu J. K., Wu D. G, Jia Z. J.. A sesquiterpene evoninoate alkaloid from the root bark of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1993, 32(2): 487-488
[74] Kuo Y. H., Chen C. F., Li M., et al. Celaninine A, a new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid from Celastrus hindsii. J. Nat. Prod., 1995, 58(11): 1735-1738
[75] Wang Y. H., Li Y., Tu Y. Q., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1997, 60(2): 178-179
[76] 杨立，王艳红，涂永强，等．苦皮藤中两个倍半帖多酯．中山大学学报，1997，36(4)：123-124
[77] Wang Y. H., Yang L., Tu Y. Q., et al. Two new sesquiterpenoids from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61(7): 942-944
[78] Huang H. C., Shen C. C., Chen C. F., et al. A novel agarofuran sesquiterpene, celahin D from Celastrus hindsii benth.. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2000, 48(7): 1079-1080
[79] Yin W. P., Zhao T. Z., Gao L. J., et al. Two alkaloids from Chinese bittersweet Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1999, 52(8): 1731-1734
[80] Yin W. P., Zhao T. Z., Fu J. G., et al. Chinese bittersweet alkaloid Ⅲ, a new compound from Celastrus angulatus. J. Asian Natural Product Research, 2001, 3(3): 183-189
[81] Kuo Y. H., Yang K. L.. Antitumor and anti-aids triterpenes from Celastrus hindsii. Phytochemistry, 1997, 44(7): 1275-1281
[82] Chen B., Duan H. Q., Takaishi Y., et al. Triterpene caffeoyl esters and diterpenes from Celastrus stephanotifolius. Phytochemistry, 1999, 51 (5): 683-687
[83] Min K. R., Hwang B. Y., Lim H. S., et al. (-)-Epiafzelechin: cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor and antiinflammatory agent from aerial parts of Celastrus orbiculatus.. Planta Medica, 1999, 65(5): 460-462.
[84] Hwang B. Y., Kim H. S., Lee J. H., et al. Antioxidant benzoylated flavan-3-ol glycoside from Celastrus orbiculatus. J. Nat. Prod, 2001, 64(1): 82-84
[85] 刘绣华，马国森，王敏，等．苦皮藤中酚性成分抗羟自由基活性研究．天然产物研究与开发，1999，
11(5): 11-15
[86] Gonzalez A. G., Jimenez I. A., Ravelo A. G., et al. Antifeedant activity of sesquiterpenes from Celastraceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1997, 25(6): 513-519
[87] 蒋毅，李鹤，罗思奇，等．南蛇藤活性成分的研究．中草药，1996，27(2)：73-74
[88] Allison A. C., Cacabelos R., Lombardi R. M., et al. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. Psychiatry, 2001, 25(7): 1341-1357.
[89] 王本祥．现代中药药理学．天津：天津科技出版社，1997，495-496．
[90] 单国存，石磊虹．合欢花与南蛇藤果实水煎剂镇静催眠作用的比较．中药材，1989，12(5)：36-37
[91] 刘肇清，周日秀．王美荞，等．南蛇藤化学成分的研究．药学通报，1981，(8)：58
[92] Karanth K. S., Padma T. K., Guruswami M. N.. Influence of Celastrus oil on learning and memory. Agroa., 1981, 7(1): 83-86
[93] Gattu M., Boss .K., Terry A. V., et al. Reversal of scopolamine-induced deficits in navigational memory performance by the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1997, 57(4): 793-799
[94] Pavanand K., Webster H. K., Kosol Y., et al. Schizontocidal activity of Celastrus paniculatus.Willd. against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Phytotherapy Res., 1989, 3(4): 136-139
[95] Takaishi Y., Tokum K., Tamai S., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol erters from Tripterygium wilfordii Var. regelii. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(5): 1567-1572
[96] Takaishi Y., Tamai S., Nakano K., et al. Structures of sesquiterpene polyol erters from Tripterygium wilfordii Var. regelii. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(9): 3027-3031
[97] Zsuzsanna R., Andros P., Istvan P., et al. New sesquiterpene esters and alkaloids from Euonymus Japonicus: the 'Ejap' series X-ray molecular structures of Ejap-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -10. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1989, 1079-1087.
[98] Takaishi Y., Aihara F., Tamai S., et al. Sesquiterpene esters from Tripterygium wilfordii. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(11):3943-3947
[99] 于德泉，杨峻山．分析化学手册(第七分册，第二版)：核磁共振波谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社， 1999，507
[100] Tu Y. Q.. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus. J. Nat. Prod., 1990, 53(4): 915-919
[101] 张培成，徐绥绪．山楂叶化学成分的研究．药学学报，2001，36(10)：754-757
[102] 叶敏，阎玉凝，乔梁，等．中药菟丝子化学成分研究．中国中药杂志，2002，27(2)：115-117
[103] 于德泉，杨峻山．分析化学手册(第七分册，第二版)：核磁共振波谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社，1999，301
[104] 姚新生．天然药物化学(第二版)．北京：人民卫生出版社，1994，215
[105] 于德泉，杨峻山．分析化学下册(第七分册，第二版)：核磁共振波谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社，1999．98
[106] 李文林，毛士龙，易杨华，等．丰头皮海绵化学成分的研究．中国海洋药物，2000，19(3)：1
[107] 杨企铮，杨秀贤，王强．鬼针草化学成分的研究．中国药学杂志，1989，24(5)：304
[108] Sadtler Research Laboratories. Sadtler stand NMR spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980, 828.
[109] Sadtler Research Laboratories. Sadtler stand NMR spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980, 9077
[110] Sadtler Research Laboratories. Sadtler stand NMR spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980, 7349.
[111] Dietz H., Winterhalter P.. Phytotoxic constituents from Bunias orientalis leaves. Phytochemistry, 1996, 42(4): 1005-1010
[112] Mori K., Khlebnikov V.. Synthesis of (+)-dihydroactinidiolide, (+)- and (-)-actinidiolide, (+)- and (-)-loliolide as well as (+)- and (-)-epiloliolide. Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1993, 77-82.
[113] Keyhani A., Yaylayan V. A.. Pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-phenyl-alanine: identification of novel pyridine and naphthalene derivatives. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44(1): 223-229
[114] Duan H., Takaishi Y., Imakura Y., et al. Sesquiterpene alkaloids from Tripterygium hypoglaucum and Tripterygium wilforddii: a new class of potent anti-HIV agents. J. Nat. Prod., 2000, 63(3): 357-361
[115] 从浦珠，苏克曼著．分析化学手册(第九分册，第二版)．北京：化学工业出版社，1999，889-891
[116] Antonio G. G., Mercedes P. N., Ignacio A. J., et al. Minor sesquiterpenes from Maytenus magellanica. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(12): 2114-2119
[117] Antonio G. G., Carmen M. G., Angel G. R., et al. Sesquiterpenes from Orthosphenia mexicana. Phytochemistry, 1988, 27(2): 473-477
[118] Maria K., Fernando C., Jose M. P., et al. Chemosensitization of a multidrug-resistant leishmania tropica line by new sesquiterpenes from Maytenus magellanica and Maytenus chubutensis. J. Med.vhem. 2001, 44(26): 4668-4676
[119] Takaishi Y., Noguchi H., Murakami k., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters triptogelin A-1—A-4, from Tripterygium wilfordii Var. regelii. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(12): 3869-3873
[120] Mosmann T.. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods, 1983, 65:55-63
[121] Sen R., Baltimore D.. inducibility of the immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-κB by a posttranslational mechanilism. Cell, 1986, 47:921-928
[122] Chen E, Castranova V., Shi X.. New insights into the role of nuclear factor-κB in cell growth regulation. Am. J. Pathol., 2001, 159:387-397
[123] Ghosh S., May M. J., Kopp E. B.. NF-κB and Rel proteins: Evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune response. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1998, 16:225-260
[124] Baldwin A. S.. The NF-κB and IκB proteins: New discoveries and insights. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1996, 14:649-683
[125] Albert S., Baldwin J. R.. Series Introduction: The transcription factor NF-κB and human disease. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 107: 3-6
[126] Calixto J. B., Michel F. O., Santos A. R. S.. Anti-inflammatory compounds of plant origin, part Ⅰ. action on arachidonic acid Pathway, nitric oxide and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Planta medica, 2003, 69:973-983
[127] Cullen B. R., Michael H. M.. Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase as a eukaryotic reporter gene. Methods in Enzymology, 1992, 216:362-368
[128] Koo T. H., Lee J. H., Park Y. J., et al. A sesquiterpene lactone, costunolide, from Magnolia grandiflora inhibits NF-κB by targeting IκB phosphorlation. Planta medica, 2001, 67:103-107
[129] 王显阳．一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂研究进展．中国药物化学杂志，2001，11(6)：365
[130] 王显阳，赵慧卿．一氧化氮与中医药调节作用的研究进展．中国中医药科技，2002，9(6)：373-377
[131] 蒋波，楚正绪．一氧化氮与炎症．国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册，1998，18(1)：44-47
[132] MacMicking J., Xie Q., Nathan C.. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annual Review of Immunology, 1997; 15:323-350
[133] Schmidt HHHW, Kelm M. Determination of nitrite and nitrate by the Griess reaction. In: Methods in nitric oxide research. Feelish M, Stamler J, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1996. Chapter 33, p. 491-497
[2] 中国科学院植物研究所主编．中国高等植物图鉴(第二册)．北京：科学出版社，1983，658
[3] 江苏新医学院编．中药大辞典(下)．上海：上海人民出版社，1977，1563-1564
[4] Kupchan S. M., Bruning R., Wagner H.. Ubersicht uber die celastraceen-inhaltsstoffe: chemie, chemotaxonomie, biosynthese, pharmakologie. Phytochemistry, 1978, 17:1821-1858
[5] Smith C. R., Miller R. G, et al. Celorbicol, isocelorbicol, and their esters: new sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus orbiculatus, d. Org. Chem. 1976, 41(20): 3264-3269
[6] Wakabayashi N., Wu W. J., Waters R. M., et al. Celanguin: a nonalkaloidal insect antifeedant from Chinese bittersweet Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1988, 51(3): 537-542
[7] Liu J. K., Jia Z. J., Wu D. G, et al. The structure of celaglaumin-antitumor principle of Celastrus glaucophyllus. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1989, 34(19): 1639-1642
[8] Tu Y. Q., Wu D. G, Zhou J., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus gemmatus. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(9): 2923-2926
[9] 刘吉开，吴大刚，贾忠建，等．杀虫植物南蛇藤和粉叶南蛇藤的化学成分简报．云南植物研究，1988，10：256
[10] 涂永强，陈耀祖，吴大刚，等．南蛇藤倍半萜化学成分研究．化学学报，1991，49(10)：1014-1018
[11] Sang H., Wang H. Q., Tu Y. Q., et al. Dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus paniculatus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(5): 1547-1549
[12] Tu Y. Q., Wu T. X., Li Z .Z., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus paniculatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1991, 54(5): 1383-1386
[13] Tu Y. Q.. A new sesquiterpene from Celastrus rosthornianus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1991, 2(12): 935-936
[14] Tu Y. Q.. Structure of two new sesquiterpenoid insect antifeedants from Celastrus rosthornianus, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1991, (2): 425-427
[15] 王国亮，南蓬．新倍半萜酯—苦皮藤酯Ⅰ的结构鉴定．科学通报，1990，35(15)：1156-1158
[16] Tu Y. Q.. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(4): 1321-1322
[17] Tu Y. Q., Chen Y. Z.. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(12): 4169-4171
[18] Wang M. T., Qin H. L., Kong M., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(12): 3931-3933
[19] Tu Y. Q., Wang D. Z., Zhang H. J., et al. Sesquiterpenoids from two species of Celastrus gemmatus. Phytochentistry, 1991, 30(1): 271-273
[20] Wu W. J., Tu Y. Q., Liu H. X., et al. Celangulins: new insecticidal sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus angulatus.J. Nat. Prod., 1992, 55(9): 1294-1298
[21] Tu Y. Q., Tan Z., Wu T. X., et al. Two new sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus rosthornianus. J.. Nat. Prod, 1992, 55(1): 126-128
[22] 王国亮，南蓬，南玉生．苦皮藤酯2，3，4的结构鉴定．植物学报，1992，31(10)：777-780
[23] Tu Y. Q., Hu Y. J., Wu W. J., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(10): 3633-3634
[24] Wu D. G., Liu J. K., Chen C. Q.. Angulatueoid G and H, sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31 (12): 4219-4222
[25] Tu Y. Q., Wu D. G. Chemical constituents and biological activity of Celastraceae plants. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1992, 37(14): 1212-1215
[26] 涂永强，吴大刚．卫矛科植物化学成分及生物活性研究．科学通报，1992，37(3)：266-268
[27] Tu Y. Q., Li Z. Z., Chen Y. Z.. A sesquiterpene from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(4): 1415-1417
[28] 涂永强，吴大刚，张宪民．灯油藤中新倍半萜的研究．高等学校化学学报，1992，13(12)：1548-1550
[29] Tu Y. Q.. A sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus rosthornianus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(6): 2155-2157
[30] Tu Y. Q.. Sesquiterpenoids from two species of Celastraceae. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(4): 1281-1283
[31] Tu Y. Q., Chen Y. Z. Sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus paniculatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(1): 122-125
[32] Takaishiu Y., Ohshima S., Nakano K., et al. Structures of sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus stephanotiifolius with potential tumor-promotion inhibitory activity. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(6): 815-824
[33] Tu Y. Q., Wu D. G, Li Z .Z., et al. Structure of sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(1): 126-129
[34] Wang Y. H., Tu Y. Q., Chen Y. Z.. A new sesquiterpene from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1994, 5(1): 51-54
[35] Liu J. K., Becker H., Zapp J., et al. Four sesquiterpenes from the insecticidal plant Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1995, 40(3): 841-846
[36] Wang M. A., Chen E H.. Two new sesquiterpenes from Celastrus orbiculatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1995, 6(3): 229-230
[37] 王明安，陈馥衡．南蛇藤昆虫拒食成分的研究．高等学校化学学报，1995，16(8)：1248-1250
[38] Wang M. A., Wang M., Liu J., et al. The chemical structure of celastrine from Celastrus flagellaris. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1995, 6(8): 679-680
[39] Wang M. A., Wang M., Chen F. H., et al. The structure of celastrine B from Celastrus flagellaris. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1995, 6(12): 1047-1048
[40] 王明安，陈馥衡．南蛇藤昆虫拒食成分的研究．高等学校化学学报，1996，17(8)：1250-1252
[41] Kuo Y. H., Chou C.J., Yang K. L., et al. A sesquiterpene ester from Celastrus hindsii. Phytochemistry, 1996, 41(2): 549-551
[42] Zhang K., Wang Y. H., Chen Y. Z.. Two new sesquiterpenes from Celasrus paniculatus.subsp. paniculatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1997, 8(11): 961-964
[43] Wang M. A., Chen F. H.. Sesquiterpene polyol estetrs from Celastrus flagellaris. J. Nat. Prod, 1997,
60(6): 602-603
[44] 王明安，刘军，陈馥衡．刺南蛇藤倍半萜的研究．药学学报，1997，32(5)：368-372
[45] Se E. K, Young H. K., Jung J. L.. A new sesquiterpene ester from Celastrus orbiculatus reversing multidrug resistance in cancer cells. J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61 (1): 108-111
[46] Se E. K., Hang S. K., Young S. H.. Sesquiterpene esters from Celastrus orbiculatus and their structure-activity relationship on the modulation of multidrug resistance. J. Nat. Prod., 1999, 62(5): 697-700
[47] Zhang K., Wang Y. H., Chen Y. Z., et al. Sesquiterpenes from Celastrus paniculatus. Phytochemistry, 1998, 48(6): 1067-1069
[48] Yin W. P., Zhao T. Z., Gao L. J., et al. A novel sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1999, 10(6): 487-490
[49] 国家中医药管理局中华本草编委会．中华本草：第5分册．上海：上海科技出版社，1999，166-176．
[50] Yin W. E, Zhao T. Z., Gao L. J., et al. Structure determination of two new derivatives of sesquiterpenes by NMR techniques. Chinese Journal of Magnetic resonance, 1999, 16(3): 225-229
[51] 王明安，陈馥衡，王明奎，等．南蛇藤种油中的倍半萜成分．天然产物研究与开发，2001，13(2)：5-17
[52] Wu W. J. Wang M. A., Zhu J. B., et al. Five new insecticidal sesquiterpenoids from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 2001, 64(3): 364-367
[53] Wu W. J., Wang M. A., Zhou W. M., et al. Insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 2001, 58(8): 1183-1189
[54] Wu W. J., Wang M. A., Liu H. X., et al. Structure and toxicity of narcotic components of Celastrus angulatus. Nongyaoxue Xuebao, 2001, 3(1): 46-50
[55] Jin H. Z., Huang B. Y., Hang S., et al. Antiinflammatory constituents of Celastrus orbiculatus inhibit the NF-KB activation and no production. J. Nat. Prod., 2002, 65(1): 89-91
[56] Wagner H., Heckel E., Sonnenbichler J.. Structure and stereochemie eines sesquiterpen-esters und dreier sesquiterpen-alkaloide von Celastrus paniculatus willd. Tetrahedron, 1975, 31: 1949-1956
[57] 赵德义，常建华，杨韵娜，等．苦皮藤根皮化学成分的研究．西北大学学报，1987，17(4)：118-121
[58] Liu J. K., Wu D. G, Jia Z. J., et al. Short report on the chemical constituents from insecticidal plants Celastrus angulatus and Celastrus glaucophyllus. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 1988, 10(2): 256
[59] 刘吉开，贾忠建，吴大刚，等．南蛇藤植物中四个新生物碱的化学结构．科学通报，1988，(20)： 1586-1588
[60] Liu J. K., Jia Z. J., Wu D. G, et al. Insect antifeeding agents: sesquiterpene alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(8): 2503-2506
[61] 刘吉开，贾忠建，王启光，等．南蛇藤植物中新生物碱的晶体结构．科学通报，1990，(7)：541-544
[62] Cheng C. Q., Wu D. G. Sesquiterpene polyesters from the seeds of insecticidal plant Celastrus angulatus. A cta Botanica Yunnanica, 1990, 12(2): 233-234
[63] Liu J. K., Han X. W., Jia Z. J., et al. Two sesquiterpenes alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(10): 3437-3440
[64] Wu D. G, Cheng C. Q., Liu J. K.. X-ray crystal structure of angulatusine A, a new sesquiterpene alkaloid from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod, 1992, 55(7): 982-985
[65] 刘吉开，韩秀文，吴大刚，等．南蛇藤中倍半萜生物碱的二维NMR研究．波谱学杂志，1992，9(3)： 289-295
[66] Tu Y. Q.. Investigation of chemical constituents from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1992, 3(8): 625-628
[67] Tu Y. Q., Huang G. S., Ma X. L., et al. Alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1992, 55(9): 1320-1322
[68] Chen C. Q., Wu D. G., Liu J. K.. Angulatueoids A-D, four sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31 (8): 2777-2780
[69] Tu Y. Q., Ma Y. X.. Alkaloids from Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemisty, 1993, 32(5): 1339-1342
[70] 涂永强，宋庆宝，武小莉，等．南蛇藤倍半萜成分研究．化学学报，1993，51(4)：404-408
[71] Tu Y. Q., Cui Y. X., Ma Y. X.. A new alkaloid from Celastrus angulatus. Chinese Chemical Letters, 1993, 4(3): 219-220
[72] Liu J. K., Chen C. Q., Wu D. G Two sesquiterpenes from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1993, 32(2): 378-381
[73] Liu J. K., Wu D. G, Jia Z. J.. A sesquiterpene evoninoate alkaloid from the root bark of Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1993, 32(2): 487-488
[74] Kuo Y. H., Chen C. F., Li M., et al. Celaninine A, a new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid from Celastrus hindsii. J. Nat. Prod., 1995, 58(11): 1735-1738
[75] Wang Y. H., Li Y., Tu Y. Q., et al. Two new sesquiterpenes from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1997, 60(2): 178-179
[76] 杨立，王艳红，涂永强，等．苦皮藤中两个倍半帖多酯．中山大学学报，1997，36(4)：123-124
[77] Wang Y. H., Yang L., Tu Y. Q., et al. Two new sesquiterpenoids from the seeds of Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61(7): 942-944
[78] Huang H. C., Shen C. C., Chen C. F., et al. A novel agarofuran sesquiterpene, celahin D from Celastrus hindsii benth.. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2000, 48(7): 1079-1080
[79] Yin W. P., Zhao T. Z., Gao L. J., et al. Two alkaloids from Chinese bittersweet Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 1999, 52(8): 1731-1734
[80] Yin W. P., Zhao T. Z., Fu J. G., et al. Chinese bittersweet alkaloid Ⅲ, a new compound from Celastrus angulatus. J. Asian Natural Product Research, 2001, 3(3): 183-189
[81] Kuo Y. H., Yang K. L.. Antitumor and anti-aids triterpenes from Celastrus hindsii. Phytochemistry, 1997, 44(7): 1275-1281
[82] Chen B., Duan H. Q., Takaishi Y., et al. Triterpene caffeoyl esters and diterpenes from Celastrus stephanotifolius. Phytochemistry, 1999, 51 (5): 683-687
[83] Min K. R., Hwang B. Y., Lim H. S., et al. (-)-Epiafzelechin: cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor and antiinflammatory agent from aerial parts of Celastrus orbiculatus.. Planta Medica, 1999, 65(5): 460-462.
[84] Hwang B. Y., Kim H. S., Lee J. H., et al. Antioxidant benzoylated flavan-3-ol glycoside from Celastrus orbiculatus. J. Nat. Prod, 2001, 64(1): 82-84
[85] 刘绣华，马国森，王敏，等．苦皮藤中酚性成分抗羟自由基活性研究．天然产物研究与开发，1999，
11(5): 11-15
[86] Gonzalez A. G., Jimenez I. A., Ravelo A. G., et al. Antifeedant activity of sesquiterpenes from Celastraceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1997, 25(6): 513-519
[87] 蒋毅，李鹤，罗思奇，等．南蛇藤活性成分的研究．中草药，1996，27(2)：73-74
[88] Allison A. C., Cacabelos R., Lombardi R. M., et al. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry. Psychiatry, 2001, 25(7): 1341-1357.
[89] 王本祥．现代中药药理学．天津：天津科技出版社，1997，495-496．
[90] 单国存，石磊虹．合欢花与南蛇藤果实水煎剂镇静催眠作用的比较．中药材，1989，12(5)：36-37
[91] 刘肇清，周日秀．王美荞，等．南蛇藤化学成分的研究．药学通报，1981，(8)：58
[92] Karanth K. S., Padma T. K., Guruswami M. N.. Influence of Celastrus oil on learning and memory. Agroa., 1981, 7(1): 83-86
[93] Gattu M., Boss .K., Terry A. V., et al. Reversal of scopolamine-induced deficits in navigational memory performance by the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 1997, 57(4): 793-799
[94] Pavanand K., Webster H. K., Kosol Y., et al. Schizontocidal activity of Celastrus paniculatus.Willd. against plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Phytotherapy Res., 1989, 3(4): 136-139
[95] Takaishi Y., Tokum K., Tamai S., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol erters from Tripterygium wilfordii Var. regelii. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(5): 1567-1572
[96] Takaishi Y., Tamai S., Nakano K., et al. Structures of sesquiterpene polyol erters from Tripterygium wilfordii Var. regelii. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30(9): 3027-3031
[97] Zsuzsanna R., Andros P., Istvan P., et al. New sesquiterpene esters and alkaloids from Euonymus Japonicus: the 'Ejap' series X-ray molecular structures of Ejap-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -10. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1989, 1079-1087.
[98] Takaishi Y., Aihara F., Tamai S., et al. Sesquiterpene esters from Tripterygium wilfordii. Phytochemistry, 1992, 31(11):3943-3947
[99] 于德泉，杨峻山．分析化学手册(第七分册，第二版)：核磁共振波谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社， 1999，507
[100] Tu Y. Q.. Sesquiterpene polyol esters from Euonymus bungeanus. J. Nat. Prod., 1990, 53(4): 915-919
[101] 张培成，徐绥绪．山楂叶化学成分的研究．药学学报，2001，36(10)：754-757
[102] 叶敏，阎玉凝，乔梁，等．中药菟丝子化学成分研究．中国中药杂志，2002，27(2)：115-117
[103] 于德泉，杨峻山．分析化学手册(第七分册，第二版)：核磁共振波谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社，1999，301
[104] 姚新生．天然药物化学(第二版)．北京：人民卫生出版社，1994，215
[105] 于德泉，杨峻山．分析化学下册(第七分册，第二版)：核磁共振波谱分析．北京：化学工业出版社，1999．98
[106] 李文林，毛士龙，易杨华，等．丰头皮海绵化学成分的研究．中国海洋药物，2000，19(3)：1
[107] 杨企铮，杨秀贤，王强．鬼针草化学成分的研究．中国药学杂志，1989，24(5)：304
[108] Sadtler Research Laboratories. Sadtler stand NMR spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980, 828.
[109] Sadtler Research Laboratories. Sadtler stand NMR spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980, 9077
[110] Sadtler Research Laboratories. Sadtler stand NMR spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980, 7349.
[111] Dietz H., Winterhalter P.. Phytotoxic constituents from Bunias orientalis leaves. Phytochemistry, 1996, 42(4): 1005-1010
[112] Mori K., Khlebnikov V.. Synthesis of (+)-dihydroactinidiolide, (+)- and (-)-actinidiolide, (+)- and (-)-loliolide as well as (+)- and (-)-epiloliolide. Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1993, 77-82.
[113] Keyhani A., Yaylayan V. A.. Pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-phenyl-alanine: identification of novel pyridine and naphthalene derivatives. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44(1): 223-229
[114] Duan H., Takaishi Y., Imakura Y., et al. Sesquiterpene alkaloids from Tripterygium hypoglaucum and Tripterygium wilforddii: a new class of potent anti-HIV agents. J. Nat. Prod., 2000, 63(3): 357-361
[115] 从浦珠，苏克曼著．分析化学手册(第九分册，第二版)．北京：化学工业出版社，1999，889-891
[116] Antonio G. G., Mercedes P. N., Ignacio A. J., et al. Minor sesquiterpenes from Maytenus magellanica. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56(12): 2114-2119
[117] Antonio G. G., Carmen M. G., Angel G. R., et al. Sesquiterpenes from Orthosphenia mexicana. Phytochemistry, 1988, 27(2): 473-477
[118] Maria K., Fernando C., Jose M. P., et al. Chemosensitization of a multidrug-resistant leishmania tropica line by new sesquiterpenes from Maytenus magellanica and Maytenus chubutensis. J. Med.vhem. 2001, 44(26): 4668-4676
[119] Takaishi Y., Noguchi H., Murakami k., et al. Sesquiterpene polyol esters triptogelin A-1—A-4, from Tripterygium wilfordii Var. regelii. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(12): 3869-3873
[120] Mosmann T.. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods, 1983, 65:55-63
[121] Sen R., Baltimore D.. inducibility of the immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-κB by a posttranslational mechanilism. Cell, 1986, 47:921-928
[122] Chen E, Castranova V., Shi X.. New insights into the role of nuclear factor-κB in cell growth regulation. Am. J. Pathol., 2001, 159:387-397
[123] Ghosh S., May M. J., Kopp E. B.. NF-κB and Rel proteins: Evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune response. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1998, 16:225-260
[124] Baldwin A. S.. The NF-κB and IκB proteins: New discoveries and insights. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 1996, 14:649-683
[125] Albert S., Baldwin J. R.. Series Introduction: The transcription factor NF-κB and human disease. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 107: 3-6
[126] Calixto J. B., Michel F. O., Santos A. R. S.. Anti-inflammatory compounds of plant origin, part Ⅰ. action on arachidonic acid Pathway, nitric oxide and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Planta medica, 2003, 69:973-983
[127] Cullen B. R., Michael H. M.. Secreted placental alkaline phosphatase as a eukaryotic reporter gene. Methods in Enzymology, 1992, 216:362-368
[128] Koo T. H., Lee J. H., Park Y. J., et al. A sesquiterpene lactone, costunolide, from Magnolia grandiflora inhibits NF-κB by targeting IκB phosphorlation. Planta medica, 2001, 67:103-107
[129] 王显阳．一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂研究进展．中国药物化学杂志，2001，11(6)：365
[130] 王显阳，赵慧卿．一氧化氮与中医药调节作用的研究进展．中国中医药科技，2002，9(6)：373-377
[131] 蒋波，楚正绪．一氧化氮与炎症．国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册，1998，18(1)：44-47
[132] MacMicking J., Xie Q., Nathan C.. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annual Review of Immunology, 1997; 15:323-350
[133] Schmidt HHHW, Kelm M. Determination of nitrite and nitrate by the Griess reaction. In: Methods in nitric oxide research. Feelish M, Stamler J, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1996. Chapter 33, p. 491-497