秦岭卫矛科植物杀虫活性成分研究
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摘要
通过对植物杀虫活性成分筛选、分离与鉴定,发现新的天然杀虫活性先导化合物,
    是创制新农药的重要途径。
     本项研究在国家自然科学基金重点项目“新型昆虫消化毒剂的先导优化及作用靶标
    研究(30130130)”支持下,对卫矛科卫矛属和南蛇藤属 13 种植物进行了室内杀虫活
    性筛选,在此基础上,采用柱层析、反相 HPLC 制备及纯化,应用高分辨质谱和核磁
    共振等现代波谱技术,在生物活性追踪指导下,分离、鉴定冬青卫矛、大芽南蛇藤、
    短枝南蛇藤根皮提取物杀虫活性成分。主要结果如下:
     1、对 13 种植物杀虫活性测定结果表明,拒食活性以无柄卫矛的活性最高。胃毒杀
    虫活性最高的植物为大芽南蛇藤、冬青卫矛。触杀杀虫活性绿花卫矛的石油醚提取物
    活性最高。无柄卫矛的石油醚提取物和曲脉卫矛甲醇提取物抑制玉米象种群繁殖抑制
    活性最高。
     2、 从大芽南蛇藤根皮中分离鉴定了 6 个化合物,其中 NW06 为苯甲酸,NW10 为
    β—谷甾醇,均为已知化合物;分离得到 3 个对昆虫具有毒杀活性的三取代 β-二氢
    沉香呋喃骨架的化合物: NW02(NW08)为 1α,9β-二呋喃甲酰氧基-6β-乙酰氧基-
    β-二氢沉香呋喃;NW04 为 1α-呋喃甲酰氧基-6β-乙酰氧基-9β-苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢
    沉香呋喃;NW05 为 1α,9β-二苯甲酰氧基-2α-乙酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃。经文献检
    索,NW02(NW08)、NW04 和 NW05 为首次分离鉴定的新化合物。
     3、从短枝南蛇藤的根皮粉中分离得到 2 个对昆虫具有毒杀活性的 β-二氢沉香呋喃
    骨架类化合物:LY01 为 1α-乙酰氧基-2α-α甲基丁酰氧基-4β,9β-二羟基-6β,8
    β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃;LY02 为 1α,9β-二乙酰氧基-2α,8β--二苯甲
    酰氧基-4β,6β-二羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃。经文献检索,LY01 和 LY02 为首次分离
    鉴定的新化合物。
     4、从冬青卫矛根皮中分离得到 3 个化合物, LY14:Celangulin V 和 Ly19:1α,
    2α,4β,6β,8β,9α,13-七羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃,均为首次从冬青卫矛中分
    离的化合物; LY11 为β—谷甾醇。
     5、采用载毒叶碟饲喂法测定 6 个二氢沉香呋喃骨架化合物对粘虫和小菜蛾的杀虫
    活性, 除 LY19 没有活性外,均表现毒杀活性,毒杀活性大小依次为 NW04> NW05>
    NW02>LY02> LY01。NW04 在质量体积比 2.5%和 1.25%浓度下,对 3 龄粘虫幼虫的
    死亡率分别为 100%和 70%,对 3 龄小菜蛾幼虫的死亡率分别为 50%和 20%。
The study was funded by National Natural Science Fund, which was a part of the
    project “Study on Lead Optimizing of Novel Insect Digest poison and Action Target” (NO.
    30130130). Based on the preliminary screening results of insecticidal activities among 13
    species Celastraceae, 11 chemicals were isolated from 3 species plants (Celastrus
    gemmatus Loes., C. rosthornianus Loes. and Euonymus japonicus Thunb.), and 6
    chemicals exhibited insecticidal activity. The process of isolation and purity of insecticidal
    chemicals were guided by the bioassay and phytochemistry method, such as the column
    Chromatography, Preparative TLC and Preparative HPLC, have been used.
     Six compounds (NW02, NW04, NW05, NW06, NW08, NW10) were isolated from
    root bark of Celastrus gemmatus Loes, and the structure were elucidated by spectral
    methods. NW06 is benzoic acid and NW10 is β-sterol, they are both known chemicals.
    NW02 is 6β-diacetoxy-1α,9β-difurancarbonyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran and NW08 is the
    same as it, NW04 is 6β-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxy-1α-difurancarbonyloxy-β-dihydroagarofuran, NW05 is
    2α-acetoxy-1α,9β-dibenzoyloxy-β-dihyfroagarofuran. Based on searching on novelty,
    above three chemicals are all novel nature products.
     Two new compounds (LY01 and LY02) were isolated from root bark of C.
    rosthornianus Loes. LY01 is 1α-acetoxy-6β,8β-dibenzoyloxy-4β,9β-dihydroyl-2α-
    ( α-methylbutanoyloxy ) -β-dihydroagarofuran and LY02 is
    1α,9β-diacetoxy-2α,8β-dibenzoyloxy-4β,6β-dihydroyl-β-dihydroagarofuran.
     Three compounds (LY11, LY14 and LY19) were isolated from root bark of Euonymus
    japonicus Thunb.. LY11 isβ-sterol, LY14 is Celangulin V which was first reported from
    Celastrus angulatus Max., LY19 is 1 α ,2 α ,4 β ,6 β ,8 β ,9
    α,13-hepthydroyl-β-dihydroagarofuran. Both LY14 and LY19 were isolated from the plant
    at the first time.
     The insectidical activies of six compounds with β-dihydroagarofuran sketon against
    the 3rd instars larvae of Mythimna separata Walker and Plutella xylostella were tested. The
    results showed that 5 compounds exhibited the stomach-toxicity activity, the order of
    activity is NW04> NW05> NW02>LY02> LY01, but LY19 did not exhibit activity. The
    
    
    mortality of NW04 against Mythimna separata Walker and Plutella xylostella were 100%
    and 50% at the concentration of 2.5% (W/V) respectively, 70% and 20% at the
    concentration of 1.25% (W/V) respectively.
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    [85] 吴文君. 新化合物苦皮藤素Ⅰ的结构鉴定. 西北农业大学学报,1989,17(4):64—68.
    [86] 杨征敏 吴文君 钮绪燕. 卫矛科植物苦皮藤杀菌活性研究初报 E 西北农林科技大学学报(自然
     科学版),2002,30(5):74-76.
    [87] 尹卫平 赵天增 高令杰. 苦皮藤中新骨架生物碱 l,3 一氧氮亲环己烷化合物的抗癌活性. 洛阳
    
    
    52
     工学院学报, 2002,21(3):67-69.
    [88] 吴文君 曹高俊. 植物杀虫剂苦皮藤作用方式的初步研究. 西北农学院学报.1982, 10(1):75—80.
    [89] 柯治国 南玉生 卢令娴 黄德世 邓望喜. 苦皮藤种油对几种蔬菜和贮粮害虫拒食的研究. 武汉
     植物学研究,1992,10(4):363-370.
    [90] 柯治国 卢令娴. 植源杀虫剂苦皮藤研究现状. 农药,1995,34(7):28-31.
    [91] 吴文君 王明安 刘惠霞 姬志勤 胡兆农. 杀虫植物苦皮藤麻醉成分的研究. 农药学学报,2001,
     3(1):46-48.
    [92] Wu W J, Wang M A, Zhu J B, Zhou W M, Hu Z N,Ji Z Q. Five new insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol
     esters from Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Products, 2001, 64:364-367.
    [93] 吴文君 李绍白 朱靖博 刘惠霞. 新化合物苦皮藤素Ⅴ的分离与结构鉴定简报. 西北农业大学学
     报, 1994,22(4):116-117.
    [94] 吴文君 王明安 朱靖博 周文明 胡兆农 姬志勤. 杀虫植物苦皮藤毒杀成分的研究. 有机化学,
     2002,22(9):631-637.
    [95] Wu W J, Wang M A,Zhou W M,Zhu J B,Ji Z Q,Hu Z N. Insecticidal sesquiterpene polyol esters from
     Celastrus angulatus. Phytochemistry, 2001, 58:1183-1187.
    [96] 杨征敏 吴文君 姬志勤 钮绪燕. 苦皮藤果实中农药活性成分的分离和结构鉴定. 西北农林科技
     大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6):61-69.
    [97] 杨征敏 吴文君 王明安 周文明. 苦皮藤假种皮中的杀菌活性成分研究. 农药学学报,2001,3
     (2):93-96.
    [98] 胡兆农 吴文君 高永闯 刘安西. 苦皮藤Ⅳ杀虫机理电生理研究初报. 西北农业大学学报,2000,
     28(2):35-38.
    [99] 杜育哲 贺秉军 王葳 刘安西 胡兆农 吴文君 . 苦皮藤素 IV 麻醉机理的膜片钳研究. 生物物理
     学报,2002,18(3):297-301.
    [100] 刘惠霞 董育新 吴文君. 苦皮藤素Ⅴ对东方粘虫中肠细胞及其消化酶活性的影响. 昆虫学报,
     1998,41(3)258—262.
    [101] 吴文君 姬志勤 胡兆农. 天然产物和消化毒剂. 农药,1997,36(6):6-9.
    [102] 杨润亚 刘惠霞 胡兆农 张林生 田小曼. 苦皮藤素 V 引起昆虫兴奋的作用机理初探. 西北农业
     大学学报,2000,28(5):18-21.
    [103] 姚松林,王济虹. 南蛇藤属植物对几种昆虫的拒食作用. 西南农业学报,1998 年,11(3):66-70
    [104] 涂永强,吴大刚,周 俊,陈耀祖,华苏明. 昆虫拒食活性倍半萜的研究. 植物学报,1991,33(11):
     676—880
    [105] 涂永强,吴大刚. 卫矛科植物化学成分及生物活性研究. 科学通报,1992,(3):265-268.
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    [107] 王明安, 陈馥衡. 南蛇藤昆虫拒食倍半萜成分的研究(II). 高等学校化学学报,1996,17(8):
     1250-1252
    
    
    53
    [108] 孔祥清,吴文君. 疣枝卫矛根皮中杀虫成分的分离及其生物活性. 西北植物学报2000,20(2):299—
     302
     第二章
    [1] 中国科学院植物志编辑委员会 中国植物志,第四十五卷,第三分册. 北京:科学出版社,1999. P1~
     2
    [2] 陈冀胜,郑硕. 中国有毒植物. 北京:科学出版社,1987. P159~160
    [3] 任志刚. 扶芳藤根部麻醉成分的分离及生物活性研究. 西北农业大学硕士学位论文,1996.
    [4] 江苏省植物研究所. 新华本草纲要. 上海:上海科技出版社,1998.
    [5] 吴文君等. 天然产物杀虫剂—原理·方法·实践. 西安:陕西科技出版社,1998.
    [6] 胡兆农. 西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2002.
    [7] 罗都强. 雷公藤有效成分和杀虫活性及应用研究. 西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2002.
    [8] 涂永强,吴大刚. 卫矛科植物化学成分的研究. 兰州大学学报,1992,28(3):173~175
    [9] 朱靖博. 几种卫矛科植物杀虫活性成分的研究. 西北农林科技大学博士学位论文,2000.
    [10] 吴文君等. 植物化学保护实验技术导论. 西安:陕西科技出版社,1987.
    [11] 吴文君等. 苦皮藤提取物对玉米象的控制作用及机理. 粮食贮藏,1988,17(6):9~14
     第三章
    [1] 中国科学院植物志编辑委员会 中国植物志,第四十五卷,第三分册. 北京:科学出版社,1999.
     P1~2
    [2] 谢宗望,余友芩等.全国中草药名鉴.北京:人民出版社,1996.P537
    [3] Tu Yong Q, Wang De Z et al. sesquiterpenoids from celastrus gemmatus. Phytochemistry. 1990,30
     (1):271~273
    [4] Tu Yongqiang, Wu Dagang et al sesquiterpene polyol esters from celastrus gemmatus Phytochemistry.
     1990,29(9):2923~2926
    [5] Tu Yongqiang, Wu Dagang et al sesquiterpeniods from two species of celastraceae Phytochemistry.
     1992,3(14):1281~1283
    [6] 吴文君等. 植物化学保护实验技术导论. 西安:陕西科技出版社,1987.
     第四章
    [1] 中国科学院植物志编辑委员会 中国植物志,第四十五卷,第三分册. 北京:科学出版社,1999. P1~
     2
    [2] 谢宗望,余友芩等.全国中草药名鉴.北京:人民出版社,1996.P537
    [3] Tu Yongqiang, sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus Rosthornianus Phytochemistry. 1991,30(4):
     1321~1322
    
    
    54
    [4] Tu Yongqiang, sesquiterpene polyol esters from Celastrus Rosthornianus Phytochemistry. 1991,30(12):
     4169~4171
    [5] Tu Yongqiang, A sesquiterpene polyol ester from Celastrus Rosthornianus Phytochemistry. 1992,31(6):
     2155~2157
    [6] Tu Yongqiang, A sesquiterpene from Celastrus Rosthornianus Phytochemistry. 1992,31(4):1415~1417
    [7] 吴文君等. 植物化学保护实验技术导论. 西安:陕西科技出版社,1987.
     第五章
    [1] 中国科学院植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志,第四十五卷,第三分册. 北京:科学出版社,1999. P1~
     2
    [2] 谢宗望,余友芩等.全国中草药名鉴.北京:人民出版社,1996.P537
    [3] Byung Hoon Han, Man Ki Park, Jae Ha Ryu et al. sesquiterpene alkaloids from Euonymus japonica.
     Phytochemistry, 1990,29(7):2303~2307
    [4] 吴文君等. 植物化学保护实验技术导论. 西安:陕西科技出版社,1987.
     第六章
    [1] Wakabayashi N, Wu W. J. et al. Celangulin: A nonalkaloidal insect antifeedant from
     chinese bittersweet, Celastrus angulatus. J. Nat. Prod. 1988,51(3): 537-542
    [2] 吴文君 曹高俊. 植物杀虫剂苦皮藤作用方式的初步研究. 西北农学院学报,1982 10(1):
     75-80
    [3] 刘惠霞 王启坤 吴文君 等. 苦皮藤麻醉成分对昆虫的选择毒性及其机制的初步研究. 西北
     农业学报,1993, 2(2):31-36
    [4] 刘惠霞 吴文君 姬志勤 等. 苦皮藤毒杀成分对昆虫的选择毒杀作用及其机制研究. 西北农
     业学报,1998(2):41-44
    [5] 吴文君等. 植物化学保护实验技术导论. 西安:陕西科技出版社,1987.
    [6] 胡兆农. 苦皮藤素Ⅳ和Ⅴ及其混用的作用机理研究. 西北农林科技大学博士学位
     论文,2002.
    [7] 董育新. 苦皮藤素Ⅴ作用机理的初步研究. 西北农业大学硕士学位论文,1995.

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