UV-B辐射、CO_2激光对秦艽生理、生长和有效成分的影响及其加工储藏方法的评价
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摘要
为促进陕西省秦艽的产业化发展，本论文以秦艽为材料，分别研究了1，CO_2激光辐照对秦艽种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响；2，大田条件下，补充适量的UV-B辐射对秦艽生理、生长、品质等方面的影响；3，秦艽生药的产地加工及储藏方法初探。所用CO_2激光的功率密度是3.2 mw.mm~(-2)，处理时间从0秒到120秒；补充UV-B辐射的剂量分别为2.18 KJ.m~(-2).d~(-1)和3.36 KJ.m~(-2).d~(-1)，处理时间从五月初至倒苗前。秦艽的加工方法包括微波，烘干，蒸透，暴晒，掸透，晾干，并研究了储藏的温度条件。
结果发现：
(1)较低剂量(30秒～60秒)的CO_2激光处理可以促进秦艽种子的萌发率和发芽势；提高幼苗叶子的总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量和可溶性蛋白含量，促进秦艽幼苗生长。
(2)在生长季节，给二年生的秦艽补充适量UV-B辐射，发现增强UV-B辐射对秦艽的生长影响不大，而对其品质产生正效应。两处理组的株高、干重、根重、总叶绿素、叶绿素a含量比对照组略降低，但没有统计意义上的差异；尤其是随着时间的增长，两处理组的生长更少地受到影响。秦艽的紫外吸收物含量升高，PAL含量和可溶性蛋白质含量均增加应该是UV-B辐射增强下植物的防护性措施，从一定程度上保证了植株的生长，并促进了龙胆苦甙含量的增长；可溶性糖含量的降低则可能与UV-B辐射增强下资源分配较多流向次生代谢有关。总之，可以通过补充UV-B辐射的方法来促进秦艽的龙胆苦甙含量，但要注意剂量。
(3)对秦艽的加工和储藏方法的研究表明：微波法和高温烘干法是较好的产后加工法，可以极大地减少龙胆苦甙的损失。药材干燥后进行遮光冷藏是储存的好方法。考虑到产区实际情况和经济易行性，药农可将鲜样高温烘干，然后放在通风干凉的地方保存，尤其在气候较冷的秋冬季是很好的选择。
To improve the industrialization of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, in shaanxi province, we studied separately: 1, Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla Pall.; 2, Impacts of appropriate supplement of UV-B radiation on physiology, growth and quality of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, under field condition; 3, the methods of processing and store of Gentiana macrophylla Pall.
The dose of CO2 laser was 3.2 mw.mm-2, the treat time was from Os to 120s; UV-B supplementary dose was 2.18 kJ.m-2.d-1 and 3.36 kJ.m-2.d-1 respectively from 9:00 to 17:00 everyday during growing season (from May to Oct); The processing methods included microwave-drying, drying, braising , insolation , steaming and airing, the temperature condition stored had also been studied.
The results showed that: (1) CO2 laser irradiation of lower dose (30s - 60s) promoted seed germination, Improved content of total chlorophyll , chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and soluble protein, and then promoted the seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla Pall..
(2) Supplementary UV-B radiation had a little effects on growth but positive effects on quality of biennial Gentiana macrophylla Pall. The height, root weight, total biomass, content of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a were decreased when compared to ambient controls in growing season, but not obviously different; The growth of two treatment groups were influenced less especially with the continuance of UV-B radiation. In addition, the content of UV absorbing compounds and soluble proteinand PAL enzyme activity of the both treatments were increased as compared with controls. Those positive effects which should be defendent measures of plant to the supplementary radiation, had guaranteed the growth of Gentiana macrophylla Pall in a certain degree and had increased content of gentiopicroside. The reason of reduction of soluble sugar content may be that resource allocated more to secondary metabolism under supplementary UV-B radiation. In a word, we can promote the content of gentiopicroside in Gentiana macr
ophylla Pall, by supplementing proper
UV-B radiation.
(3) The study on the processing and storage showed that microwave drying and high temperature drying were the better processing methods which can reduce gentiopicroside's loss greatly. It is a good method to store Gentiana macrophylla Pall by refrigeration after drying. Allowing for the actual conditions, the planters had better store dried Gentiana macrophylla Pall in cool and ventilated place, that is a good choice especially in autumn and winter.
结果发现：
(1)较低剂量(30秒～60秒)的CO_2激光处理可以促进秦艽种子的萌发率和发芽势；提高幼苗叶子的总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量和可溶性蛋白含量，促进秦艽幼苗生长。
(2)在生长季节，给二年生的秦艽补充适量UV-B辐射，发现增强UV-B辐射对秦艽的生长影响不大，而对其品质产生正效应。两处理组的株高、干重、根重、总叶绿素、叶绿素a含量比对照组略降低，但没有统计意义上的差异；尤其是随着时间的增长，两处理组的生长更少地受到影响。秦艽的紫外吸收物含量升高，PAL含量和可溶性蛋白质含量均增加应该是UV-B辐射增强下植物的防护性措施，从一定程度上保证了植株的生长，并促进了龙胆苦甙含量的增长；可溶性糖含量的降低则可能与UV-B辐射增强下资源分配较多流向次生代谢有关。总之，可以通过补充UV-B辐射的方法来促进秦艽的龙胆苦甙含量，但要注意剂量。
(3)对秦艽的加工和储藏方法的研究表明：微波法和高温烘干法是较好的产后加工法，可以极大地减少龙胆苦甙的损失。药材干燥后进行遮光冷藏是储存的好方法。考虑到产区实际情况和经济易行性，药农可将鲜样高温烘干，然后放在通风干凉的地方保存，尤其在气候较冷的秋冬季是很好的选择。
To improve the industrialization of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, in shaanxi province, we studied separately: 1, Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla Pall.; 2, Impacts of appropriate supplement of UV-B radiation on physiology, growth and quality of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, under field condition; 3, the methods of processing and store of Gentiana macrophylla Pall.
The dose of CO2 laser was 3.2 mw.mm-2, the treat time was from Os to 120s; UV-B supplementary dose was 2.18 kJ.m-2.d-1 and 3.36 kJ.m-2.d-1 respectively from 9:00 to 17:00 everyday during growing season (from May to Oct); The processing methods included microwave-drying, drying, braising , insolation , steaming and airing, the temperature condition stored had also been studied.
The results showed that: (1) CO2 laser irradiation of lower dose (30s - 60s) promoted seed germination, Improved content of total chlorophyll , chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b and soluble protein, and then promoted the seedling growth of Gentiana macrophylla Pall..
(2) Supplementary UV-B radiation had a little effects on growth but positive effects on quality of biennial Gentiana macrophylla Pall. The height, root weight, total biomass, content of total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a were decreased when compared to ambient controls in growing season, but not obviously different; The growth of two treatment groups were influenced less especially with the continuance of UV-B radiation. In addition, the content of UV absorbing compounds and soluble proteinand PAL enzyme activity of the both treatments were increased as compared with controls. Those positive effects which should be defendent measures of plant to the supplementary radiation, had guaranteed the growth of Gentiana macrophylla Pall in a certain degree and had increased content of gentiopicroside. The reason of reduction of soluble sugar content may be that resource allocated more to secondary metabolism under supplementary UV-B radiation. In a word, we can promote the content of gentiopicroside in Gentiana macr
ophylla Pall, by supplementing proper
UV-B radiation.
(3) The study on the processing and storage showed that microwave drying and high temperature drying were the better processing methods which can reduce gentiopicroside's loss greatly. It is a good method to store Gentiana macrophylla Pall by refrigeration after drying. Allowing for the actual conditions, the planters had better store dried Gentiana macrophylla Pall in cool and ventilated place, that is a good choice especially in autumn and winter.
引文
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