基于网络信息组织理论的信息搜索引擎技术研究
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摘要
本论文分两部分，第一部分的研究涉及网络信息组织的概念、理论基础、方式方法、技术研究、实践和现状分析及前景展望、语言工具等理论基础。从而说明了网络信息组织的重要性和必要Internet的广域性使得资源分布在全球不同的地方，缺乏统一的组织和管理，Internet的迅速发展使得网络空间成为重要的信息源。数量大、形式多、内容广、专业性不强等特点给信息组织工作带来了新的问题和挑战，通过广大科技信息工作者的不懈努力和积极研究，在网络信息组织理论的基础上，使其网络信息组织技术有了飞速发展。其中互联网搜索引擎是对网络资源管理和检索技术的一个重要发展，而且网络信息搜索引擎的开发与利用已经取得显著成绩并且成为一个新兴产业。网络信息组织的理论与技术引起了人们的关注并进行研究。1994年4月Webcrawler搜索引擎在网上正式发布并开始服务，它的出现对网络的发展起了极大的作用，目前搜索引擎的使用已排在收发邮件之后的第二大互联网应用技术。搜索引擎倍受人们的关注，包括图书情报界和计算机以及信息产业界在内的众多学者对此展开了有效的研究。尽管理论界对网络信息组织和搜索引擎技术已有大量的研究，但对网络信息组织的理论基础仍然缺乏系统讨论，尤其是在搜索引擎技术对网络信息组织的支持方面很少涉猎。因此本论文主要围绕网络信息组织与搜索引擎技术的关系进行探讨。
第二部分是信息搜索引擎研究，搜索引擎作为网络环境下的重要信息组织工具。首先对搜索引擎的概念、特点、类型、工作原理作了分析，然后在广泛调查互联网搜索引擎的实践上，同时列举了4大著名搜索引擎的使用和特点，并在搜索效果上作了比较。在此基础上对搜索引擎的检索效果、存在问题和发展状况，以及未来发展方向作出一些探讨。并提出智能化搜索、个性化搜索、结构化搜索、垂直化专业领域搜索和本地化搜索等搜索引擎将成为搜索引擎技术发展的主要趋势。
library and information circles, computer and information industry circles, whose scholars have began effective research on it Though mere has been a great deal of research on network information organization and search engine technology, mere is still short of systematical discussion of the theoretical basis of network information organizatioa Especially few have take notice of the idea that to what extent can search engine technology support to organize network information. As to all these concerns, this thesis discussed some problems involved in me relationship of network information organization and search engine technology.
T Internet is world-wide, which makes it distributes all over the world, and also makes it difficult to be organized and managed uniformly. On the other hand, the great development of Internet makes cyberspace the most important information resource. Network information resource has the characteristics of great number, the variety of forms, the wide range of content, and with little professionalism. All these produced new problems and challenges on the work of information organization. With the great efforts and dedication of most of the Sci-tech information workers, the network information organization technology has made great progress. Internet search engine is one of the most important developments of the network information resources management and retrieval technology. The development and utilization of network information search engine have made remarkable progress, and became a new industry. The theory and technology of network information organization have aroused more and more interests of information workers who began to perform research on them. At April of 1994, the search engine webcrawler was issued formally on the Internet and began its service. This has great effects on the development of network. Now search engine have became the number two Internet application technology, just after E-mail. Search engine draw great interests from many people, including his thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, me research is focused on some theoretical basis of network information organization, including its concepts, basic theory, ways and means, technology research, practice and actuality analysis, development, language tools and so on. Accordingly, explain the significance and necessity of information organizatioa The second part is mainly about research of search engine, as an important information organization tool in the network environment Firstly, the concepts, characteristics, types and principles of search engine were analyzed. Then on the basis of broad investigation on Internet search engine, the author listed the use and characteristics of me eight most popular search engines, and compared their search effects. Consequently, some discussion on search engine has been made, including the search effects and existing questions, developing situations and development In addition, put forward some new development direction of search engine technology, such as intelligent search, personalizing search, structured search, vertical professional search and localizing search.
第二部分是信息搜索引擎研究，搜索引擎作为网络环境下的重要信息组织工具。首先对搜索引擎的概念、特点、类型、工作原理作了分析，然后在广泛调查互联网搜索引擎的实践上，同时列举了4大著名搜索引擎的使用和特点，并在搜索效果上作了比较。在此基础上对搜索引擎的检索效果、存在问题和发展状况，以及未来发展方向作出一些探讨。并提出智能化搜索、个性化搜索、结构化搜索、垂直化专业领域搜索和本地化搜索等搜索引擎将成为搜索引擎技术发展的主要趋势。
library and information circles, computer and information industry circles, whose scholars have began effective research on it Though mere has been a great deal of research on network information organization and search engine technology, mere is still short of systematical discussion of the theoretical basis of network information organizatioa Especially few have take notice of the idea that to what extent can search engine technology support to organize network information. As to all these concerns, this thesis discussed some problems involved in me relationship of network information organization and search engine technology.
T Internet is world-wide, which makes it distributes all over the world, and also makes it difficult to be organized and managed uniformly. On the other hand, the great development of Internet makes cyberspace the most important information resource. Network information resource has the characteristics of great number, the variety of forms, the wide range of content, and with little professionalism. All these produced new problems and challenges on the work of information organization. With the great efforts and dedication of most of the Sci-tech information workers, the network information organization technology has made great progress. Internet search engine is one of the most important developments of the network information resources management and retrieval technology. The development and utilization of network information search engine have made remarkable progress, and became a new industry. The theory and technology of network information organization have aroused more and more interests of information workers who began to perform research on them. At April of 1994, the search engine webcrawler was issued formally on the Internet and began its service. This has great effects on the development of network. Now search engine have became the number two Internet application technology, just after E-mail. Search engine draw great interests from many people, including his thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, me research is focused on some theoretical basis of network information organization, including its concepts, basic theory, ways and means, technology research, practice and actuality analysis, development, language tools and so on. Accordingly, explain the significance and necessity of information organizatioa The second part is mainly about research of search engine, as an important information organization tool in the network environment Firstly, the concepts, characteristics, types and principles of search engine were analyzed. Then on the basis of broad investigation on Internet search engine, the author listed the use and characteristics of me eight most popular search engines, and compared their search effects. Consequently, some discussion on search engine has been made, including the search effects and existing questions, developing situations and development In addition, put forward some new development direction of search engine technology, such as intelligent search, personalizing search, structured search, vertical professional search and localizing search.
引文
1、宋彩萍、霍国庆．信息组织论纲．中国图书馆学报，1997(1)：20～22
2、党跃武．信息组织论．图书情报工作，1997(3)：12～16
3、尚克聪．信息组织论要．图书情报工作，1998(11)：1～4
4、周宁．信息组织．武汉大学出版社，2001版(5)
5、马张华．信息组织．清华大学出版社，2001版(1)
6、林海青，数字图书馆的信息组织．中国图书馆学报，2000(1)：70～75
7、黄如花．国内外信息组织研究述评．中国图书馆学报，2000(1)：63～66
8、郭春侠 储节旺．论网络信息组织．情报理论与实践，2000(4)：243～244
9、赖茂生．知识组织理论与技术．北京北京大学信息管理．1999年：9～17
10、焦玉英、符绍宏、何绍华编．信息检索．武汉大学出版社，2002．3：396～369
11、叶继元．信息检索导论．电子工业出版社，2003．5：257～296
12、R·霍克著 金丽华译．Internet通用搜索引擎检索指南．辽宁科学技术出版社，2003．2：1～104
13、董小英 马张华．联网信息资源的检索利用与服务．北京大学出版社，2003．7：55～62
14、倪莉．信息组织研究述评．情报资料工作，2001(2)：16～18
15、常春．网络信息检索存在的问题及发展方向．情报杂志．2003(11)：93～94
16、中国互联网络信息中心．中国Internet发展现状统计报告，2002／7
17、(美)F．W．兰卡斯特著．陈光祚、王知津、王津生译．情报检索系统—特性、试验与评价，北京：书目文献出版社 1994
18、岑利锋．信息组织的理论基础以及技术研究．图书情报工作，2004(2)45～48
19、www.yahoo.com
20、www.yahoo.com.cn
21、www.altavista.com
22、www.search.sina.com.cn
23、www.sohu.com
24、www.163.com
25、www.le.pku.edu.cn
26、www.goyoyo.com.cn/main/search/inde.shtm/
27、www. google.com
28、Lawrence S.Giles G L. Sciencee 1998:280
29、Lawrence S. Giles G L. Nature 1999: 400
30、Janes, Joseph W.; Rosenfeld, Louis B.; Networked information retrieval and organization: issues and questions: Journal of the American Society for Information Science.-1996.47(9): 711～715(美国)
31、, Choo, C. W.; Knowing organization: how organizations use information to construct meaning, create knowledge and make decisions; International Journal of Information Management.-1996. 16(5) : 329～340; (英国)
32、Travica, B.; Information aspects of new organizational designs: exploring the non-traditional organization; Journal of the American Society for Information Science.-1998.49(13): 1224～1244 (美国)
33、aythornthwaite, Caroline; Wellman, Barry; Work, friendship, and media use for information exchange in a networked organization Journal of the American Society for Information Science.- 1998.49(12):1101～1114; (美国)
34、esign of controlled vocabulary ;In:Encylopedia of & Information Sciences V45,1990
35、H. Wang , M. Xie and T.N. Goh; Service quality of Internet search engines; Journal of Information Science. 1999(6).: 499～507
36、Judit Bar-Iian; Methods for Measuring Search Engine Performance over Time; Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2002(4): 308～319
37、Diane Nester Kresh: Form Sshh to Search Engine: Reference .net on the Web. Information Technology and Libraries .2001(9): 139～142
38、Michael Gordon, Praveen Pathak: Finding information on the Woeld Wide Web:the retrievial effectiveness of search engines; Information Processing and Management. 1999(35): 141～180
39、Tony Hoper: Management issues for the virtual library The Electronic Library; 2001(2):71～77
40、David, Blair. Some thoughts on the reported resulted results of TREC. Information processing and Management, 2002(38): 445～451
2、党跃武．信息组织论．图书情报工作，1997(3)：12～16
3、尚克聪．信息组织论要．图书情报工作，1998(11)：1～4
4、周宁．信息组织．武汉大学出版社，2001版(5)
5、马张华．信息组织．清华大学出版社，2001版(1)
6、林海青，数字图书馆的信息组织．中国图书馆学报，2000(1)：70～75
7、黄如花．国内外信息组织研究述评．中国图书馆学报，2000(1)：63～66
8、郭春侠 储节旺．论网络信息组织．情报理论与实践，2000(4)：243～244
9、赖茂生．知识组织理论与技术．北京北京大学信息管理．1999年：9～17
10、焦玉英、符绍宏、何绍华编．信息检索．武汉大学出版社，2002．3：396～369
11、叶继元．信息检索导论．电子工业出版社，2003．5：257～296
12、R·霍克著 金丽华译．Internet通用搜索引擎检索指南．辽宁科学技术出版社，2003．2：1～104
13、董小英 马张华．联网信息资源的检索利用与服务．北京大学出版社，2003．7：55～62
14、倪莉．信息组织研究述评．情报资料工作，2001(2)：16～18
15、常春．网络信息检索存在的问题及发展方向．情报杂志．2003(11)：93～94
16、中国互联网络信息中心．中国Internet发展现状统计报告，2002／7
17、(美)F．W．兰卡斯特著．陈光祚、王知津、王津生译．情报检索系统—特性、试验与评价，北京：书目文献出版社 1994
18、岑利锋．信息组织的理论基础以及技术研究．图书情报工作，2004(2)45～48
19、www.yahoo.com
20、www.yahoo.com.cn
21、www.altavista.com
22、www.search.sina.com.cn
23、www.sohu.com
24、www.163.com
25、www.le.pku.edu.cn
26、www.goyoyo.com.cn/main/search/inde.shtm/
27、www. google.com
28、Lawrence S.Giles G L. Sciencee 1998:280
29、Lawrence S. Giles G L. Nature 1999: 400
30、Janes, Joseph W.; Rosenfeld, Louis B.; Networked information retrieval and organization: issues and questions: Journal of the American Society for Information Science.-1996.47(9): 711～715(美国)
31、, Choo, C. W.; Knowing organization: how organizations use information to construct meaning, create knowledge and make decisions; International Journal of Information Management.-1996. 16(5) : 329～340; (英国)
32、Travica, B.; Information aspects of new organizational designs: exploring the non-traditional organization; Journal of the American Society for Information Science.-1998.49(13): 1224～1244 (美国)
33、aythornthwaite, Caroline; Wellman, Barry; Work, friendship, and media use for information exchange in a networked organization Journal of the American Society for Information Science.- 1998.49(12):1101～1114; (美国)
34、esign of controlled vocabulary ;In:Encylopedia of & Information Sciences V45,1990
35、H. Wang , M. Xie and T.N. Goh; Service quality of Internet search engines; Journal of Information Science. 1999(6).: 499～507
36、Judit Bar-Iian; Methods for Measuring Search Engine Performance over Time; Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2002(4): 308～319
37、Diane Nester Kresh: Form Sshh to Search Engine: Reference .net on the Web. Information Technology and Libraries .2001(9): 139～142
38、Michael Gordon, Praveen Pathak: Finding information on the Woeld Wide Web:the retrievial effectiveness of search engines; Information Processing and Management. 1999(35): 141～180
39、Tony Hoper: Management issues for the virtual library The Electronic Library; 2001(2):71～77
40、David, Blair. Some thoughts on the reported resulted results of TREC. Information processing and Management, 2002(38): 445～451