小企业集群虚拟企业生产进度监控研究
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摘要
由于市场迅速变化、竞争日趋激烈,给小企业集群的发展带来很大的挑战。在集群中引入一种面向企业间紧密协作的合作模式,构建小企业集群虚拟企业,整合集群有限资源,提升核心竞争力,具有积极的意义。在小企业集群虚拟企业的运作过程中,如何监测各企业的生产进度状况,以及如何应对虚拟企业的生产延迟和异常等关键性问题,决定了虚拟企业是否能够成功。
本文以集群理论、虚拟企业理论、灰色预测理论、优化理论等为理论基础,以小企业集群(如宁波汽车零配件企业集群)为研究对象,在国家自然科学基金项目“面向小企业集群的虚拟组织运作模式研究”(编号70540023)和浙江省自然科学基金重点项目“基于企业集群的虚拟组织及其全面供应链管理研究”(编号Z604342)的资助下,研究了小企业集群虚拟企业的生产进度监控方法,建立了生产进度监控的原型系统,丰富完善了区域虚拟企业的理论。
生产进度的监测是小企业集群虚拟企业生产监控的基础内容。本文首先分析了小企业集群虚拟企业协作方式,提出了基于条形码技术的进度数据采集方式,利用甘特图和挣值法对生产进度进行表示和分析,采用基于灰色预测的定量预测和定性预测相结合的预测方法对生产进度进行预测。
生产进度的控制是小企业集群虚拟企业生产监控的核心内容。本文从企业外部调整和内部调整两方面出发,提出企业外部的任务量动态调整和企业内部的多项目优化赶工。在任务量动态调整方面,提出一个基于进度、费用、质量综合优化的各协作企业任务量动态优化调整的方案,使订单在满足交货期和质量的前提下,总体额外费用最低;在多项目优化赶工方面,通过对各项目优先级的评估确定当前多个项目的生产顺序,并研究各项目工期的优化策略,使各项目在满足订单交货期和质量的前提下,总体额外费用最低。
最后,基于上述理论和方法,开发了小企业集群虚拟企业生产进度监控原型系统,介绍了系统的组成和各模块的功能,给出了相应的实例。
Due to rapidly changing market and increasing competition, which give the development of enterprise cluster a great challenge. It is the vital significance to establish tightness collaboration among enterprises in order to improve the core competence and optimized use limited resources of the whole cluster. The virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster is one of such ideas. In the operation of virtual enterprise, the key issues such as how to monitor the schedule of the production situation and how to deal with virtual enterprise production delays and unusual, which determine the success of virtual enterprise.
Based on theories of enterprise cluster, virtual enterprise, gray forecasting, optimization and relied on the Natural Science Foundation of China - " A Study on operation model of the virtual organization oriented to small enterprise clusters " (No.70540023) and the Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province - " Study on virtual organization and its total supply chain management based on enterprise cluster " (No.Z604342), this paper has further discussed the method of schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster, combining with practice object of small enterprise cluster such as Ningbo auto parts cluster. And develop its prototype system about schedule monitor and control. The achievements enrich and maturate the theory of regional virtual enterprise.
The schedule monitor is the foundation of schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster. Firstly the collaborative approach of virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster is analyzed, the method of schedule data collection based on the bar code has been put forward, and then the schedule is expressed and analyzed with Gantt and earned value method, predicted with a forecasting method which combines gray quantitative forecasting and qualitative forecasting.
The schedule control is the core of schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster. The Methods of the task dynamics adjustment of each collaboration enterprise and the optimized rushing of enterprise multi-projects are put forward, which derive from the aspects of external and internal of enterprise. In the aspect of the task dynamics adjustment, an optimization method based on cost, date and quality is put forward, and total additional cost is minimized with the premise of guaranteeing delivery date and quality. In the aspect of the optimized rushing of multi-projects in enterprise, multi-projects are ranked according to the priority level of evaluation result, then, rushing of each project is optimized, and each project additional cost is minimized with the premise of guaranteeing delivery date and quality.
Finally, based on the theories and methods described, a prototype system of the schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster is designed and developed. The function modules and structure of the system are introduced and a portion of the system interfaces is shown .An example is also given.
本文以集群理论、虚拟企业理论、灰色预测理论、优化理论等为理论基础,以小企业集群(如宁波汽车零配件企业集群)为研究对象,在国家自然科学基金项目“面向小企业集群的虚拟组织运作模式研究”(编号70540023)和浙江省自然科学基金重点项目“基于企业集群的虚拟组织及其全面供应链管理研究”(编号Z604342)的资助下,研究了小企业集群虚拟企业的生产进度监控方法,建立了生产进度监控的原型系统,丰富完善了区域虚拟企业的理论。
生产进度的监测是小企业集群虚拟企业生产监控的基础内容。本文首先分析了小企业集群虚拟企业协作方式,提出了基于条形码技术的进度数据采集方式,利用甘特图和挣值法对生产进度进行表示和分析,采用基于灰色预测的定量预测和定性预测相结合的预测方法对生产进度进行预测。
生产进度的控制是小企业集群虚拟企业生产监控的核心内容。本文从企业外部调整和内部调整两方面出发,提出企业外部的任务量动态调整和企业内部的多项目优化赶工。在任务量动态调整方面,提出一个基于进度、费用、质量综合优化的各协作企业任务量动态优化调整的方案,使订单在满足交货期和质量的前提下,总体额外费用最低;在多项目优化赶工方面,通过对各项目优先级的评估确定当前多个项目的生产顺序,并研究各项目工期的优化策略,使各项目在满足订单交货期和质量的前提下,总体额外费用最低。
最后,基于上述理论和方法,开发了小企业集群虚拟企业生产进度监控原型系统,介绍了系统的组成和各模块的功能,给出了相应的实例。
Due to rapidly changing market and increasing competition, which give the development of enterprise cluster a great challenge. It is the vital significance to establish tightness collaboration among enterprises in order to improve the core competence and optimized use limited resources of the whole cluster. The virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster is one of such ideas. In the operation of virtual enterprise, the key issues such as how to monitor the schedule of the production situation and how to deal with virtual enterprise production delays and unusual, which determine the success of virtual enterprise.
Based on theories of enterprise cluster, virtual enterprise, gray forecasting, optimization and relied on the Natural Science Foundation of China - " A Study on operation model of the virtual organization oriented to small enterprise clusters " (No.70540023) and the Key Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang province - " Study on virtual organization and its total supply chain management based on enterprise cluster " (No.Z604342), this paper has further discussed the method of schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster, combining with practice object of small enterprise cluster such as Ningbo auto parts cluster. And develop its prototype system about schedule monitor and control. The achievements enrich and maturate the theory of regional virtual enterprise.
The schedule monitor is the foundation of schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster. Firstly the collaborative approach of virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster is analyzed, the method of schedule data collection based on the bar code has been put forward, and then the schedule is expressed and analyzed with Gantt and earned value method, predicted with a forecasting method which combines gray quantitative forecasting and qualitative forecasting.
The schedule control is the core of schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster. The Methods of the task dynamics adjustment of each collaboration enterprise and the optimized rushing of enterprise multi-projects are put forward, which derive from the aspects of external and internal of enterprise. In the aspect of the task dynamics adjustment, an optimization method based on cost, date and quality is put forward, and total additional cost is minimized with the premise of guaranteeing delivery date and quality. In the aspect of the optimized rushing of multi-projects in enterprise, multi-projects are ranked according to the priority level of evaluation result, then, rushing of each project is optimized, and each project additional cost is minimized with the premise of guaranteeing delivery date and quality.
Finally, based on the theories and methods described, a prototype system of the schedule monitor and control in virtual enterprise of small enterprise cluster is designed and developed. The function modules and structure of the system are introduced and a portion of the system interfaces is shown .An example is also given.
引文
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