城市群基础设施融资机制研究
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摘要
进入21世纪,城市群已经成为参与国际竞争与分工的基本单元,我国在‘十一五’规划中也将城市群的协调发展与建设列入发展纲要。城市群基础设施的发展对推动整个城市化进程和城市群的形成具有十分重要的意义,综观我国改革历程,基础设施融资问题成为制约我国城市群又好又快发展的瓶颈。一方面城市群基础设施供给严重不足,建设资金短缺,存量资产运营不足；另一方面,传统城市群基础设施的规划与发展受制于单体城市行政主体,协调性差,重复建设现象普遍,资源浪费严重。立足城市群区域发展的角度探讨城市群基础设施融资机制成为当前城市化进程的重要课题。
本文从城市群发展历程入手,分析城市群基础设施对城市群发展的重要作用,并进一步分析城市群基础设施发展现状和存在的问题,探寻问题产生的根源,针对性地构建了城市群基础设施融资机制框架模型,即由三个子系统六项要素组成。然后以各子系统为模块,就其要素进行详细研究。
在城市群基础设施融资基础子系统中,扩展融资主体要素的内容,指出融资主体不仅包括资金筹集主体,也包括资金供给主体,而且融资主体的特性偏好会对融资产生重要影响；融资客体研究中,深入挖掘城市群基础设施这一特殊的融资客体所具备的特征,并提出对融资客体进行整合,发掘融资潜能的‘总—分—合’融资思路；在融资渠道分析时,提出设立城市群发展基金,以实现融资主体多元化和融资渠道多元化的建议,并对城市群发展基金运作提出对策思路。
在城市群基础设施融资决策子系统中,对融资成本内涵进行拓展,提出融资成本应包括融资外部成本和融资内部成本两部分,并指出在不同的融资阶段应对融资内、外部成本各有侧重；在融资方式方面,提出“基金+项目融资”的组合融资方式及其实施对策,还就城市群基础设施融资决策问题,构建了基于三角模糊的城市群基础设施项目融资决策模型,并通过案例验证。
在城市群基础设施融资风险子系统中,主要依据城市群基础设施融资风险的内涵,运用可拓理论构建城市群基础设施项目融资风险评价模型,并以长株潭城市群大河西先导区基础设施项目融资建设为例,对模型进行验证,并对该项目风险进行相应的分析评价,为项目风险防范与应对提出相应对策建议。
最后为结论及展望部分。对整个研究工作进行总结,提炼本研究的基本结论和主要创新点,并对今后研究工作进一步规划与展望。
In the21st century, the urban agglomeration has become the basic unit of participating in international competition and division, with its coordinated development and construction being included in the outline in the 'Eleventh Five-Year' Plan. The development of urban agglomeration infrastructure is of great significance to push ahead with the entire process of urbanization and the formation of urban agglomeration. In fact, infrastructure financing has become a bottleneck to constraint the sound and fast development of China's urban agglomeration in China's past reform process. On the one hand, the supply of urban agglomeration infrastructure, the construction funds and the stock asset management are of serious shortage. On the other hand, the traditional planning and development of urban agglomeration infrastructure are tied to single city administrative subject, which results in poor coordination, widespread duplication and serious resources waste. Based on the perspective of regional development, the research on the urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism has become an important field in urbanization.
By introducing the history of development of urban agglomeration, this thesis firstly analyzes the important role of infrastructure to the development of urban agglomeration, followed by the analysis of the current situation and problems existed and the exploration of the source of the problems. Then, the thesis targets to propose a framework model for the urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, which consists of three subsystems and six item elements. Finally, for each subsystem, a detailed study of its elements is carried out.
In the fundamental subsystem of urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, the thesis proposes that the financing subject, with its element contents being extended, includes the capital collecting and capital supplying subjects and the features of that have important impact on the financing. With regard to the financing object, the thesis explores the characteristics of urban agglomeration infrastructure, a special financing object, and puts forward the'Summary-Division-Integration' financing method to explore the financing potential by integrating the financing objects. On the analysis of financing channels, the thesis brings forward to set up an urban agglomeration development funds to achieve diversification of financing subjects and financing channels, and provides some countermeasures for the operation of urban agglomeration development funds.
In the decision-making subsystem of urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, the thesis expands the contents of financing costs, notes that the financing costs include both internal and external financing costs, which should be focused at different stages of financing. With respect to the ways of financing, the thesis proposes the combined "fund+project financing" and its implementation strategy, and tries to construct a financing decision-making model based on triangular fuzzy for urban agglomeration infrastructure project, and verifies the constructed model through a case.
In the subsystem of the risk of urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, the thesis constructs a risk assessment model based on Extension Theory, and takes the urban agglomeration infrastructure project of Large-River-West Region in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan as an illustration to verify the constructed model by analyzing and evaluating the project risk, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures to risk prevention.
The final is the conclusions and outlook section, which summarizes the entire research work and extracts the main innovations of this paper, the basic conclusions and future prospects for further research work.
本文从城市群发展历程入手,分析城市群基础设施对城市群发展的重要作用,并进一步分析城市群基础设施发展现状和存在的问题,探寻问题产生的根源,针对性地构建了城市群基础设施融资机制框架模型,即由三个子系统六项要素组成。然后以各子系统为模块,就其要素进行详细研究。
在城市群基础设施融资基础子系统中,扩展融资主体要素的内容,指出融资主体不仅包括资金筹集主体,也包括资金供给主体,而且融资主体的特性偏好会对融资产生重要影响；融资客体研究中,深入挖掘城市群基础设施这一特殊的融资客体所具备的特征,并提出对融资客体进行整合,发掘融资潜能的‘总—分—合’融资思路；在融资渠道分析时,提出设立城市群发展基金,以实现融资主体多元化和融资渠道多元化的建议,并对城市群发展基金运作提出对策思路。
在城市群基础设施融资决策子系统中,对融资成本内涵进行拓展,提出融资成本应包括融资外部成本和融资内部成本两部分,并指出在不同的融资阶段应对融资内、外部成本各有侧重；在融资方式方面,提出“基金+项目融资”的组合融资方式及其实施对策,还就城市群基础设施融资决策问题,构建了基于三角模糊的城市群基础设施项目融资决策模型,并通过案例验证。
在城市群基础设施融资风险子系统中,主要依据城市群基础设施融资风险的内涵,运用可拓理论构建城市群基础设施项目融资风险评价模型,并以长株潭城市群大河西先导区基础设施项目融资建设为例,对模型进行验证,并对该项目风险进行相应的分析评价,为项目风险防范与应对提出相应对策建议。
最后为结论及展望部分。对整个研究工作进行总结,提炼本研究的基本结论和主要创新点,并对今后研究工作进一步规划与展望。
In the21st century, the urban agglomeration has become the basic unit of participating in international competition and division, with its coordinated development and construction being included in the outline in the 'Eleventh Five-Year' Plan. The development of urban agglomeration infrastructure is of great significance to push ahead with the entire process of urbanization and the formation of urban agglomeration. In fact, infrastructure financing has become a bottleneck to constraint the sound and fast development of China's urban agglomeration in China's past reform process. On the one hand, the supply of urban agglomeration infrastructure, the construction funds and the stock asset management are of serious shortage. On the other hand, the traditional planning and development of urban agglomeration infrastructure are tied to single city administrative subject, which results in poor coordination, widespread duplication and serious resources waste. Based on the perspective of regional development, the research on the urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism has become an important field in urbanization.
By introducing the history of development of urban agglomeration, this thesis firstly analyzes the important role of infrastructure to the development of urban agglomeration, followed by the analysis of the current situation and problems existed and the exploration of the source of the problems. Then, the thesis targets to propose a framework model for the urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, which consists of three subsystems and six item elements. Finally, for each subsystem, a detailed study of its elements is carried out.
In the fundamental subsystem of urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, the thesis proposes that the financing subject, with its element contents being extended, includes the capital collecting and capital supplying subjects and the features of that have important impact on the financing. With regard to the financing object, the thesis explores the characteristics of urban agglomeration infrastructure, a special financing object, and puts forward the'Summary-Division-Integration' financing method to explore the financing potential by integrating the financing objects. On the analysis of financing channels, the thesis brings forward to set up an urban agglomeration development funds to achieve diversification of financing subjects and financing channels, and provides some countermeasures for the operation of urban agglomeration development funds.
In the decision-making subsystem of urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, the thesis expands the contents of financing costs, notes that the financing costs include both internal and external financing costs, which should be focused at different stages of financing. With respect to the ways of financing, the thesis proposes the combined "fund+project financing" and its implementation strategy, and tries to construct a financing decision-making model based on triangular fuzzy for urban agglomeration infrastructure project, and verifies the constructed model through a case.
In the subsystem of the risk of urban agglomeration infrastructure financing mechanism, the thesis constructs a risk assessment model based on Extension Theory, and takes the urban agglomeration infrastructure project of Large-River-West Region in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan as an illustration to verify the constructed model by analyzing and evaluating the project risk, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures to risk prevention.
The final is the conclusions and outlook section, which summarizes the entire research work and extracts the main innovations of this paper, the basic conclusions and future prospects for further research work.
引文
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