基于系统实现的土地划区分级督察及预警研究
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摘要
土地督察制度是我国政府在市场经济发展的新时期下,针对我国耕地数量、质量不断下降,建设占用耕地范围不断扩大,地方政府土地违法情况屡禁不止的严峻形势,提出的行政监督制度,是我国土地管理体制改革中的一项重要尝试。研究土地督察理论与方法是新形势下显得极其重要。西北地区范围大,督察任务重,提高土地督察效率已刻不容缓,本研究选取近年土地违法违规情况较为突出的青海省作为研究区域。本研究在系统研究土地划区分级督察与预警理论体系的基础上,建立土地划区分级督察信息系统,科学划分督察区、评定督察警戒级、预测未来警度,形成分级督察办法和操作规范,是节省人力物力,提高督察效率与效果的有效方法。
土地督察类型区划分采用聚类分析方法。在类型区划分指标确定的过程中,充分考虑区域土地利用结构的分异特征和调整方向以及区域经济的发展水平等,指标体系更具特色和科学性,划分成果充分体现了青海省土地督察类型区特征。通过类型区划分研究将研究区土地督察分为耕地保护监管区、城市发展监管区、矿业发展监管区和生态保护监管区。
在土地督察类型区划分的基础上,综合考虑自然、社会、经济和土地利用状况等因素,以地类图斑评价为基础,按县级行政区为评价单元,采用多因素综合评价法评价了青海省土地督察级别。研究将研究区督察目标分为五个级别,地域差异明显;警戒级别的不同对土地利用状况和区域功能定位依赖性较强,呈现较强的相关性,耕地、城乡建设用地比例越大的区域督察级别越高。
土地督察警戒级评价是对研究区域当前土地督察警戒度状态的评价,难以反映未来的变化趋势,从预防的角度出发,建立土地督察预警系统是非常必要的。从研究区土地利用执行情况和土地督察情况出发,通过相关分析选取土地督察预警警兆指标,明确警情、确定警度,采用系统动力学建立了土地督察预警模型,并通过GIS系统实现,再在区域土地督察警情的预测的基础上,确定土地督察警情级别并进行预报,服务于土地督察的政府决策。
Land inspection institution is one administration inspection institution proposed by China government in the new period of growing market economy under the actuality of declined cultivated land quantity and quality, expanded area of cultivated land used for construction and illegal land use repeatedly caused by local governments. It is an important attempt in the reform of land management. The study on land inspection theories and methods is extremely important under new situations. Due to the vast coverage of Northwest China, land inspection is a heavy task. It is urgent to improve the efficiency of land inspection. Taking Qinghai as the study area, one province with more illegal land use cases in recent years, this paper establishes the systems of zoning, grading and early warning of land inspection to zone and grade land inspection and predict regional warning degree based on corresponding theories and methods,. It is an effective way to save manpower and resources and to improve inspection efficiency and effects.
Cluster analysis is used to zone the types of land inspection. In the process of selecting indices, this study fully considers the characters of differentiation and the direction of adjustment of land use structure and level of regional economic development to make the index system more characteristic and scientific. The results fully reflect the regional characteristics of the types of land inspection in Qinghai Province. The study area is divided into inspection zone of farmland protection, inspection zone of urban development, inspection zone of mining development and inspection zone of ecological protection.
Based on zoning land inspection types and considering the factors of nature, society, economy and land use, land inspection grades of Qinghai Provinces are determined adopting the method of multi-factor comprehensive evaluation on land patch and administrative region of county. The study area is divided into five grades with significant regional differences. The grades show a strong correlation to land use situation and regional function position. The larger the proportion of cultivated land and urban construction land is, the higher grade of land inspection is.
The evaluation of warning grades of land inspection is the process of judging the current states, difficult to reflect future trends. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an early warning system of land inspections from the perspective of prevention. Based on the situations of present land use and land inspection, this paper selects the indicators of early warning of land inspection by the method of relevant analysis to build a model for defining and determining warning degrees on the theory of system dynamics and then predicts warning degrees in different grades of land inspection to determine and issue regional warning degrees through GIS system, as a basis for policy-making of land inspection.
土地督察类型区划分采用聚类分析方法。在类型区划分指标确定的过程中,充分考虑区域土地利用结构的分异特征和调整方向以及区域经济的发展水平等,指标体系更具特色和科学性,划分成果充分体现了青海省土地督察类型区特征。通过类型区划分研究将研究区土地督察分为耕地保护监管区、城市发展监管区、矿业发展监管区和生态保护监管区。
在土地督察类型区划分的基础上,综合考虑自然、社会、经济和土地利用状况等因素,以地类图斑评价为基础,按县级行政区为评价单元,采用多因素综合评价法评价了青海省土地督察级别。研究将研究区督察目标分为五个级别,地域差异明显;警戒级别的不同对土地利用状况和区域功能定位依赖性较强,呈现较强的相关性,耕地、城乡建设用地比例越大的区域督察级别越高。
土地督察警戒级评价是对研究区域当前土地督察警戒度状态的评价,难以反映未来的变化趋势,从预防的角度出发,建立土地督察预警系统是非常必要的。从研究区土地利用执行情况和土地督察情况出发,通过相关分析选取土地督察预警警兆指标,明确警情、确定警度,采用系统动力学建立了土地督察预警模型,并通过GIS系统实现,再在区域土地督察警情的预测的基础上,确定土地督察警情级别并进行预报,服务于土地督察的政府决策。
Land inspection institution is one administration inspection institution proposed by China government in the new period of growing market economy under the actuality of declined cultivated land quantity and quality, expanded area of cultivated land used for construction and illegal land use repeatedly caused by local governments. It is an important attempt in the reform of land management. The study on land inspection theories and methods is extremely important under new situations. Due to the vast coverage of Northwest China, land inspection is a heavy task. It is urgent to improve the efficiency of land inspection. Taking Qinghai as the study area, one province with more illegal land use cases in recent years, this paper establishes the systems of zoning, grading and early warning of land inspection to zone and grade land inspection and predict regional warning degree based on corresponding theories and methods,. It is an effective way to save manpower and resources and to improve inspection efficiency and effects.
Cluster analysis is used to zone the types of land inspection. In the process of selecting indices, this study fully considers the characters of differentiation and the direction of adjustment of land use structure and level of regional economic development to make the index system more characteristic and scientific. The results fully reflect the regional characteristics of the types of land inspection in Qinghai Province. The study area is divided into inspection zone of farmland protection, inspection zone of urban development, inspection zone of mining development and inspection zone of ecological protection.
Based on zoning land inspection types and considering the factors of nature, society, economy and land use, land inspection grades of Qinghai Provinces are determined adopting the method of multi-factor comprehensive evaluation on land patch and administrative region of county. The study area is divided into five grades with significant regional differences. The grades show a strong correlation to land use situation and regional function position. The larger the proportion of cultivated land and urban construction land is, the higher grade of land inspection is.
The evaluation of warning grades of land inspection is the process of judging the current states, difficult to reflect future trends. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an early warning system of land inspections from the perspective of prevention. Based on the situations of present land use and land inspection, this paper selects the indicators of early warning of land inspection by the method of relevant analysis to build a model for defining and determining warning degrees on the theory of system dynamics and then predicts warning degrees in different grades of land inspection to determine and issue regional warning degrees through GIS system, as a basis for policy-making of land inspection.
引文
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L. Picarelli,L. Olivares,B. Avolio.Zoning for flowslide and debris flow in pyroclastic soils of Campania Region based on“infinite slope”analysis.Engineering Geology,2008.132~141.
Mar?′a del Carmen Sabatini,Adriana Verdiell,Ricardo M. Rodr?′guez Iglesias,Marta Vidal.A quantitative method for zoning of protected areas and its spatial ecologicalimplications.Journal of Environmental Management,2007.198~206.
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