叠前逆时深度偏移在苏北QT地区的应用研究
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摘要
近年来,叠前偏移技术作为解决复杂构造成像的有效手段越来越多的受到人们的关注,随着我国陆上勘探开发已经到了中后阶段,勘探难度加大,资料处理日趋复杂,对地震资料的成像要求也随之提高。常规的叠后地震偏移以及叠前时间偏移已不能满足精细构造成像和储层描述的要求。叠前深度偏移在这方面有着不可替代的作用,本文主要研究应用三维叠前逆时深度偏移处理实际地震资料和速度建模的方法。
基于射线理论的Kichhoff积分法叠前深度偏移在目前工业生产中应用广泛,主要优点在于计算效率高,便于目标处理,对陡倾角地层较为适应,以及对不规则采集数据的适应能力,使得它三维叠前深度偏移应用领域一直占据主导地位,且与其匹配的偏移速度分析方法也比较成熟。但它固有的缺点是成像精度低、容易产生假频、振幅不保真以及多路径问题。
与Kichhoff叠前深度偏移相比,波动方程叠前深度偏移不用考虑走时和振幅,通过波场延拓来实现,其成像精度高,振幅保真,能体现地震波的动力学特征而受到青睐。在应用领域,近年来随着GPU的实现,使得有限差分波动方程叠前深度偏移具备了较强的生产力。对如叠后岩性反演及预测和叠前AVA(振幅随角度变化)的研究意义重大,因此波动方程叠前深度偏移技术已成为今后偏移技术的发展方向。
叠前深度偏移中速度模型是核心,偏移是检验速度性的工具,两者相统一。本文结合实际地震资料的特点,在前人理论研究的基础上,确定了一套适用的建模方法。
本文综合应用Kirchhoff积分法偏移中比较成熟的速度分析方法和波动方程高精度的成像。通过应用Kirchhoff积分法偏移考虑了各向异性,建立初始速度场,通过优化迭代应用逆时深度偏移对苏北曲塘凹陷的地震数据进行处理。应用效果表明,在计算机的强大支持下,波动方程是一种有效的地震成像方法,其发展前景广阔。
In recent years.The pre-stack depth migration as the effective method has been paied attention more and more for resolving the complex imaging. With the development of prospection and exploitation in land.the difficulty of it is becoming biger and biger.The requests of The complex seismic processing for the imaging is improving. The production indicates that the post-stack and the pre-stack time migration can not product accurate image of the reflect for high accuracy and the description of resvoir stratum.but the pre-stack reverse depth has the substitute function. In this paper, the application of pre-stack reverse depth migration in practice data and velocity methods were studied.
Kirchhoff integral migration based on the radial theory is applied widly in the production. The advantages of it as follow:the higher efficiency in computation.the flexible target oriented imaging, the capability suitable to big angle and the seismicdata of irregular survey. All of that make it to be an indispensable kind of migration way. Also the method of velocity analysis matching it has growed up. compare to the advantages of it. Low precision of imaging, the aliasing phenomenon, amplitude infidelity and multi-arrivals of travel-time are fatal limitation of it.
Comparing with Kirchhoff. The wave equation pre-stack depth migration don't consider the amplitude and the travel time and achieved by the continuation of wave field. has attached importance because of the high precision and embodying the dynamic characteristics of seismic wave field. The efficiency is improving along with the appearance of GPU, and the application of the wave equation pre-stack depth migration is more productively.Moreover. it has possessed important function for post-stack lithology inversion and pre-stack AVA and indicates the trend of imaging techniques.
Velocity is the core of wave pre-stack depth migration, while migration is the tool for velocity accuracy. it is uniform process between them.
In this paper, considering the velocity analysis capability of Kirchhoff and the higher precision imaging results of wave pre-stack depth migration. they are both applied in the practical seismic processing.Velocity model was built by high precision analysis regard of anisotropic through Kirchhoff intefral.
Migration,and then the method of reverse depth migration was applied to the QT seismic data. The result indicates that the reverse migration is an effcitive method of seismic imaging and has prospect development.
基于射线理论的Kichhoff积分法叠前深度偏移在目前工业生产中应用广泛,主要优点在于计算效率高,便于目标处理,对陡倾角地层较为适应,以及对不规则采集数据的适应能力,使得它三维叠前深度偏移应用领域一直占据主导地位,且与其匹配的偏移速度分析方法也比较成熟。但它固有的缺点是成像精度低、容易产生假频、振幅不保真以及多路径问题。
与Kichhoff叠前深度偏移相比,波动方程叠前深度偏移不用考虑走时和振幅,通过波场延拓来实现,其成像精度高,振幅保真,能体现地震波的动力学特征而受到青睐。在应用领域,近年来随着GPU的实现,使得有限差分波动方程叠前深度偏移具备了较强的生产力。对如叠后岩性反演及预测和叠前AVA(振幅随角度变化)的研究意义重大,因此波动方程叠前深度偏移技术已成为今后偏移技术的发展方向。
叠前深度偏移中速度模型是核心,偏移是检验速度性的工具,两者相统一。本文结合实际地震资料的特点,在前人理论研究的基础上,确定了一套适用的建模方法。
本文综合应用Kirchhoff积分法偏移中比较成熟的速度分析方法和波动方程高精度的成像。通过应用Kirchhoff积分法偏移考虑了各向异性,建立初始速度场,通过优化迭代应用逆时深度偏移对苏北曲塘凹陷的地震数据进行处理。应用效果表明,在计算机的强大支持下,波动方程是一种有效的地震成像方法,其发展前景广阔。
In recent years.The pre-stack depth migration as the effective method has been paied attention more and more for resolving the complex imaging. With the development of prospection and exploitation in land.the difficulty of it is becoming biger and biger.The requests of The complex seismic processing for the imaging is improving. The production indicates that the post-stack and the pre-stack time migration can not product accurate image of the reflect for high accuracy and the description of resvoir stratum.but the pre-stack reverse depth has the substitute function. In this paper, the application of pre-stack reverse depth migration in practice data and velocity methods were studied.
Kirchhoff integral migration based on the radial theory is applied widly in the production. The advantages of it as follow:the higher efficiency in computation.the flexible target oriented imaging, the capability suitable to big angle and the seismicdata of irregular survey. All of that make it to be an indispensable kind of migration way. Also the method of velocity analysis matching it has growed up. compare to the advantages of it. Low precision of imaging, the aliasing phenomenon, amplitude infidelity and multi-arrivals of travel-time are fatal limitation of it.
Comparing with Kirchhoff. The wave equation pre-stack depth migration don't consider the amplitude and the travel time and achieved by the continuation of wave field. has attached importance because of the high precision and embodying the dynamic characteristics of seismic wave field. The efficiency is improving along with the appearance of GPU, and the application of the wave equation pre-stack depth migration is more productively.Moreover. it has possessed important function for post-stack lithology inversion and pre-stack AVA and indicates the trend of imaging techniques.
Velocity is the core of wave pre-stack depth migration, while migration is the tool for velocity accuracy. it is uniform process between them.
In this paper, considering the velocity analysis capability of Kirchhoff and the higher precision imaging results of wave pre-stack depth migration. they are both applied in the practical seismic processing.Velocity model was built by high precision analysis regard of anisotropic through Kirchhoff intefral.
Migration,and then the method of reverse depth migration was applied to the QT seismic data. The result indicates that the reverse migration is an effcitive method of seismic imaging and has prospect development.
引文
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[2]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2010,48(5)：475-478.
[3]丁仁伟,李振春,孙小东.叠前逆时深度偏移中的激发时间成像条件[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6)：1859-1965.
[4]底青云,王妙月.弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4)：570-579.
[5]杜启振,秦童.横向各向同性介质弹性波多分量叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3)：801-807.
[6]邓玉琼,戴霆范.弹性波叠前有限元反时偏移[J].石油物探,1990,29(3)：22-23.
[7]董春晖.共聚焦点叠前深度偏移速度估计方法研究[D].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6)：1865-1871.
[8]董渊,杨慧珠,杜启振.有限元—有限差分法二维波动逆时偏移初探[J].石油大学学报,2003,27(6)：25-29.
[9]潘宏勋,方伍宝.地震速度分析方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5)：325-333.
[10]胡英,张研,陈立康.速度建模的影响因素与技术对策[J].石油物探,2006(9)：503-507.
[11]罗银河,刘江平,董桥梁,范向勇.Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移及应用[J].天然气工业,2005(8)：35-37.
[12]罗银河,刘江平,俞国柱.叠前深度偏移述评[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6)：540-545.
[13]李满树,方伍宝,孔祥宁.波动方程叠前深度偏移技术在苏北C工区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6)：407-411.
[14]刘红伟,李博,刘洪.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7)：1725-1733.
[15]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9)：2171-2180.
[16]马淑芳,李振春.波动方程叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3)：153-160.
[17]马在田.论反射地震偏移成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(3)：1-5.
[18]邱光辉.三维叠前深度偏移在地震资料处理中的应用[D].中国水运,2008,08(6)：175-177.
[19]孙耀华,宋建平.叠前深度偏移技术在焉耆盆地本东地区构造研究中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(3)：379-383.
[20]Samuel H.Gray,方伍宝.地震偏移问题及解决方案[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(2)：44-60.
[21]王喜双,梁奇,徐凌.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6)：23-27.
[22]王丽,屠世杰,赵传雪.叠前深度偏移技术在江苏火成岩地区的应用[J].石油物探,2005,45(1)：79-82.
[23]王童奎,付兴深,朱德献.谱元法叠前逆时偏移研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3)：681-685.
[24]吴清岭,李来林.基于波动方程正演模拟的偏移孔径分析[J].大庆石油与开发,2008(6)：116-122.
[25]吴清岭,李来林,陈斌.基于覆盖次数的叠前振幅归一化处理在大庆油田的应用[J].大庆石油与开发,2008(2)：121-127.
[26]吴萍,杨长春,王真理.克希霍夫叠前深度偏移在川东地区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4)：1339-1348.
[27]辛可锋,王华忠,马在田.共聚焦点层析速度建模[J].石油物探,2005,44(4)：329-333.
[28]薛东川,王尚旭.波动方程有限元叠前逆时偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1)：17-21.
[29]徐琴,李振春,鲍伟.波动方程偏移中的成像条件研究进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(4)：247-252.
[30]熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2002.
[31]杨瑞娟,吕秀华.叠前偏移方法述评[J].小型油气藏,2008,13(3)：29-33.
[32]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8)：1902-1913.
[33]张铁强,王正和.叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用[D].物探化探计算技术,
2007,29(4)：281-285.
[34]张猛,孟祥宾,匡斌.积分法叠前深度偏移技术在BS6地区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1)：387-392.
[35]张春燕,李振春,孙小东.逆时偏移方法技术进展综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(5)：309-317.
[36]张延香.叠前深度偏移处理技术在坬西地区的应用[J].SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION,2009,7:35-39.
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[2]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2010,48(5)：475-478.
[3]丁仁伟,李振春,孙小东.叠前逆时深度偏移中的激发时间成像条件[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6)：1859-1965.
[4]底青云,王妙月.弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4)：570-579.
[5]杜启振,秦童.横向各向同性介质弹性波多分量叠前逆时偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3)：801-807.
[6]邓玉琼,戴霆范.弹性波叠前有限元反时偏移[J].石油物探,1990,29(3)：22-23.
[7]董春晖.共聚焦点叠前深度偏移速度估计方法研究[D].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6)：1865-1871.
[8]董渊,杨慧珠,杜启振.有限元—有限差分法二维波动逆时偏移初探[J].石油大学学报,2003,27(6)：25-29.
[9]潘宏勋,方伍宝.地震速度分析方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5)：325-333.
[10]胡英,张研,陈立康.速度建模的影响因素与技术对策[J].石油物探,2006(9)：503-507.
[11]罗银河,刘江平,董桥梁,范向勇.Kirchhoff弯曲射线叠前时间偏移及应用[J].天然气工业,2005(8)：35-37.
[12]罗银河,刘江平,俞国柱.叠前深度偏移述评[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6)：540-545.
[13]李满树,方伍宝,孔祥宁.波动方程叠前深度偏移技术在苏北C工区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6)：407-411.
[14]刘红伟,李博,刘洪.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7)：1725-1733.
[15]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9)：2171-2180.
[16]马淑芳,李振春.波动方程叠前深度偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(3)：153-160.
[17]马在田.论反射地震偏移成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(3)：1-5.
[18]邱光辉.三维叠前深度偏移在地震资料处理中的应用[D].中国水运,2008,08(6)：175-177.
[19]孙耀华,宋建平.叠前深度偏移技术在焉耆盆地本东地区构造研究中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(3)：379-383.
[20]Samuel H.Gray,方伍宝.地震偏移问题及解决方案[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(2)：44-60.
[21]王喜双,梁奇,徐凌.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6)：23-27.
[22]王丽,屠世杰,赵传雪.叠前深度偏移技术在江苏火成岩地区的应用[J].石油物探,2005,45(1)：79-82.
[23]王童奎,付兴深,朱德献.谱元法叠前逆时偏移研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3)：681-685.
[24]吴清岭,李来林.基于波动方程正演模拟的偏移孔径分析[J].大庆石油与开发,2008(6)：116-122.
[25]吴清岭,李来林,陈斌.基于覆盖次数的叠前振幅归一化处理在大庆油田的应用[J].大庆石油与开发,2008(2)：121-127.
[26]吴萍,杨长春,王真理.克希霍夫叠前深度偏移在川东地区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4)：1339-1348.
[27]辛可锋,王华忠,马在田.共聚焦点层析速度建模[J].石油物探,2005,44(4)：329-333.
[28]薛东川,王尚旭.波动方程有限元叠前逆时偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1)：17-21.
[29]徐琴,李振春,鲍伟.波动方程偏移中的成像条件研究进展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(4)：247-252.
[30]熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2002.
[31]杨瑞娟,吕秀华.叠前偏移方法述评[J].小型油气藏,2008,13(3)：29-33.
[32]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8)：1902-1913.
[33]张铁强,王正和.叠前深度偏移在复杂构造模型成像中的应用[D].物探化探计算技术,
2007,29(4)：281-285.
[34]张猛,孟祥宾,匡斌.积分法叠前深度偏移技术在BS6地区的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(1)：387-392.
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