加入红柱石、蓝晶石对刚玉—莫来石偏转磁芯承烧座性能的影响
|
摘要
由于偏转磁芯行业的快速发展，对偏转磁芯生产所用的窑具材料—承烧座的性能提出了更高的要求。而我国对偏转磁芯承烧座的研制较晚至今没有研制出高档的承烧座。
高性能的窑具应该具有良好的力学性能和良好的抗热冲击性能。纯莫来石质窑具材料具有较高的耐火度、荷重软化温度、抗热震性、抗化学侵蚀性、抗蠕变性、体积稳定性等。但是其强度较低，尤其是韧性过低，限制了在窑具材料中的应用。纯刚玉质窑具材料具有较高的熔点、硬度、化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性、高温机械性能等，但其烧成温度极高，耐热冲击性不好，同样也限制了其在窑具中的应用。刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷具有熔点高、抗蠕变、抗氧化性好，原料丰富、性价比高等特点，因而被广泛用作高温窑具材料。我国生产的刚玉-莫来石承烧座，由于基础研究起步较晚，与国外同类产品相比，产品质量有较大的差距，国产承烧座使用情况较好的使用寿命在40次左右，而韩国承烧座的使用寿命可达100次以上，国内外产品质量相差悬殊。改变我国承烧座的生产现状，提高其寿命，降低成本，成为承烧座生产的当务之急。
本文通过对比各种窑具材质的优缺点，最终选择了莫来石-刚玉质材料作为承烧座材质；课题研究内容是将不同粒度红柱石、蓝晶石作为添加剂引入到莫来石-刚玉质耐火材料中，探讨它们对莫来石-刚玉质耐火材料性能的影响。研究结果表明：当加入红柱石粒度小于0.5mm，加入量为15％时，试样的常温耐压强度最大，可达45.70MPa，分别比加入10％和20％时，常温耐压强度增长6.9％和22.4％。在保持颗粒级配基本不变的情况下，随着蓝晶石细粉(小于0.088mm)加入量的增加，试样的常温耐压强度逐渐的减小，而烧后线变化率逐渐的增大。在加入量相同的情况下，红柱石细粉(小于0.088mm)的耐压强度均大于蓝晶石(小于0.088mm)，并随着加入量的不断增加，耐压强度的差距越来越明显。
As the rapid development of deflection magnetic core, much higher requirements are made on the function of the burning frame which is the best material of the kiln furniture for producing deflection magnetic core. But in our country, the research on this burning frame is a little bit late and what's more, no advanced one has been produced so far.
Fine mechanics and resistance heat impact performances are needed for the well-functioned kiln furniture. While the kiln furniture of pure mullite has good refractoriness, thermal shock resistance, softening point under load, chemical corrosion resistance, creep properties resistance, volume stability and so on, its low intensity , especially its lower toughness, preventing it from the widely application in the kiln furniture. And on the other hand, the kiln furniture of pure corundum has high fusion, degree of hardness, chemical shock resistance, corrosive resistance, mechanics behavior in higher temperature etc., but its burning temperature is too high and its thermal shock resistance is not so good, so it is also not the suitable material for the kiln furniture. But Corundum-mullite multiphase ceramic is featured with high melting point and thermal shock resistance, fine creep properties resistance and oxidation resistance, abundance and low prices, as a result, it is wildly used in the kiln furniture. Since the late start of the research, the burning frame of corundum-mullite that produced by our country, compared with the foreign products of the same kind, has too much differences in quality. The burning frame produced in our country, to a large extent, can be used almost 40 times, but in Korea, it can be used over 100 times. Then the huge differences can be found in quality. So the pressing issue right now, is to make a change on the current production situation of the burning frame, improving its quality and lowing its cost.
This paper makes detailed comparisons about the advantages and shortcomings of the different materials for the kiln furniture, adopting corundum-mullite finally. The subject mainly makes a research on the performance of the fire-proof material of corundum-mullite as adding andalusite and kaynite of different particle size to it. The result is got as follows. When the particle size of andalusite is less than 0.5mm and its content is 15 percent in the corundum-mullite, the biggest ambient compressive strength can be got by the test sample in the normal temperature, as far as 45.70MPa. Compared with the content of 10 percent and 20 percent, the the ambient compressive strength increases 6.9 percent and 22.4 percent respectively. Under the circumstances of the same composition of the pellet, as the increase of the powdered kaynite( less than 0.088mm), the ambient compressive strength of the test sample decreases gradually while the line change percentage increases. While keeping the same content, the ambient compressive strength of powdered andalusite(less than 0.088mm) is larger than powdered kaynite( less than 0.088mm). what's more, as the increase of the content, the difference of the ambient compressive strength on these two materials is more and more clear.
高性能的窑具应该具有良好的力学性能和良好的抗热冲击性能。纯莫来石质窑具材料具有较高的耐火度、荷重软化温度、抗热震性、抗化学侵蚀性、抗蠕变性、体积稳定性等。但是其强度较低，尤其是韧性过低，限制了在窑具材料中的应用。纯刚玉质窑具材料具有较高的熔点、硬度、化学稳定性、耐腐蚀性、高温机械性能等，但其烧成温度极高，耐热冲击性不好，同样也限制了其在窑具中的应用。刚玉-莫来石复相陶瓷具有熔点高、抗蠕变、抗氧化性好，原料丰富、性价比高等特点，因而被广泛用作高温窑具材料。我国生产的刚玉-莫来石承烧座，由于基础研究起步较晚，与国外同类产品相比，产品质量有较大的差距，国产承烧座使用情况较好的使用寿命在40次左右，而韩国承烧座的使用寿命可达100次以上，国内外产品质量相差悬殊。改变我国承烧座的生产现状，提高其寿命，降低成本，成为承烧座生产的当务之急。
本文通过对比各种窑具材质的优缺点，最终选择了莫来石-刚玉质材料作为承烧座材质；课题研究内容是将不同粒度红柱石、蓝晶石作为添加剂引入到莫来石-刚玉质耐火材料中，探讨它们对莫来石-刚玉质耐火材料性能的影响。研究结果表明：当加入红柱石粒度小于0.5mm，加入量为15％时，试样的常温耐压强度最大，可达45.70MPa，分别比加入10％和20％时，常温耐压强度增长6.9％和22.4％。在保持颗粒级配基本不变的情况下，随着蓝晶石细粉(小于0.088mm)加入量的增加，试样的常温耐压强度逐渐的减小，而烧后线变化率逐渐的增大。在加入量相同的情况下，红柱石细粉(小于0.088mm)的耐压强度均大于蓝晶石(小于0.088mm)，并随着加入量的不断增加，耐压强度的差距越来越明显。
As the rapid development of deflection magnetic core, much higher requirements are made on the function of the burning frame which is the best material of the kiln furniture for producing deflection magnetic core. But in our country, the research on this burning frame is a little bit late and what's more, no advanced one has been produced so far.
Fine mechanics and resistance heat impact performances are needed for the well-functioned kiln furniture. While the kiln furniture of pure mullite has good refractoriness, thermal shock resistance, softening point under load, chemical corrosion resistance, creep properties resistance, volume stability and so on, its low intensity , especially its lower toughness, preventing it from the widely application in the kiln furniture. And on the other hand, the kiln furniture of pure corundum has high fusion, degree of hardness, chemical shock resistance, corrosive resistance, mechanics behavior in higher temperature etc., but its burning temperature is too high and its thermal shock resistance is not so good, so it is also not the suitable material for the kiln furniture. But Corundum-mullite multiphase ceramic is featured with high melting point and thermal shock resistance, fine creep properties resistance and oxidation resistance, abundance and low prices, as a result, it is wildly used in the kiln furniture. Since the late start of the research, the burning frame of corundum-mullite that produced by our country, compared with the foreign products of the same kind, has too much differences in quality. The burning frame produced in our country, to a large extent, can be used almost 40 times, but in Korea, it can be used over 100 times. Then the huge differences can be found in quality. So the pressing issue right now, is to make a change on the current production situation of the burning frame, improving its quality and lowing its cost.
This paper makes detailed comparisons about the advantages and shortcomings of the different materials for the kiln furniture, adopting corundum-mullite finally. The subject mainly makes a research on the performance of the fire-proof material of corundum-mullite as adding andalusite and kaynite of different particle size to it. The result is got as follows. When the particle size of andalusite is less than 0.5mm and its content is 15 percent in the corundum-mullite, the biggest ambient compressive strength can be got by the test sample in the normal temperature, as far as 45.70MPa. Compared with the content of 10 percent and 20 percent, the the ambient compressive strength increases 6.9 percent and 22.4 percent respectively. Under the circumstances of the same composition of the pellet, as the increase of the powdered kaynite( less than 0.088mm), the ambient compressive strength of the test sample decreases gradually while the line change percentage increases. While keeping the same content, the ambient compressive strength of powdered andalusite(less than 0.088mm) is larger than powdered kaynite( less than 0.088mm). what's more, as the increase of the content, the difference of the ambient compressive strength on these two materials is more and more clear.
引文
[1] 陈国华21世纪软磁铁氧体材料和元件发展趋势．磁性材料及器件，2001，32(4)：34～36
[2] Lu J. W. Application and analysis of adjustable profile high frequency switch modetransformer having a U-shaped winding structure. IEEE Trans. Magn., 1998, 34(4): 1345～1347
[3] Takadate K., Yamamoto Y., Makino A. etal. Fine grained MnZn ferrites in the highdriving. J. Appl. Phys., 1998, 83(11): 6861～6863
[4] 徐泽玮．电源技术中应用的软磁材料发展回顾与分析(一)．金属功能材料，2001，8(5)：1～7
[5] 何水校．软磁铁氧体材料的应用与市场．磁性材料及器件，1998，29(1)：44～47
[6] 赵志，杨晓连，崔跃民等．陕西国有大中型企业技术进步现状及对策．中国投资，2002(2)：42～44
[7] 张鸿，任燕．关于陕西信息产业发展的思考．统计与信息论坛，2002，55(17)：88～91
[8] 仇兆增．彩色显示器用偏转磁芯材料的性能．磁性材料及器件，1999，31(4)：22～27
[9] 郭海珠，余森编著．实用耐火原料手册．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000
[10] 钦征骑．新型陶瓷材料手册．南京：江苏科学技术出版社，1996
[11] 李家驹．陶瓷工艺学．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001
[12] 轻工业部第一轻工业局编．日用陶瓷工业手册．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1984
[13] 曾令可，任雪潭，贺海洋等．影响窑具使用寿命的因素及提高窑具抗热震性，陶瓷，2001，(1)：26～30
[14] 关振铎，张中太，焦金生．无机材料物理性能。北京：清华大学出版社，1992，42～45
[15] 刘秉诚．日用陶瓷匣钵和棚板结构中的力学特性．湖南陶瓷，1979，(2)：26～28
[16] 华南理工学院等．陶瓷材料物理性能．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1979
[17] 郑珠，赵渭权．莫来石推板的研制．耐火材料，1996，(6)：332～334
[18] 赵世柯，黄校先，施鹰等．相变设计改善耐火材料抗热震性的设想．耐火材 料，1999，33(2)：104～106
[19] 王润泽，刘延伶．改善耐火材料抗热冲击性的途径．耐火材料，1987，(1)：7～12
[20] 徐永东，张立同，韩金探．高温结构陶瓷材料的设计准则．硅酸盐通报，1997，(3)：55～58
[21] J. Selsing. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1961, 44(1): 419
[22] 王润泽，刘延伶．改善耐火材料抗热冲击性的途径．耐火材料，1987(1)：7～12
[23] 王维邦．耐火材料工艺学，北京：冶金工业出版社．1994，86～87
[24] Sadanaga R. The structure of mullite, 2Al_2O_3.SiO2 and relationship with the structure of sillimanite and andalrsite, Acta Crystallogr, 1962, (15): 65～68
[25] Schneider H, Mullite and Mullite Ceramics. Edited by Rahman S H. John Wiley&Sons, Chichester, 1994, (5): 232～234
[26] Sonuparla, Sol-gel processing of IR transparent mullite ceramic, J.Am.Ceram.Soc, 1977, 60(3～4): 150～155
[27] 洪金生，黄校先，郭景坤，SiC颗粒和Y-TZP强化增韧莫来石陶瓷，无机材料学报，1990，5(4)：340～345
[28] 杜春生．莫来石的工业应用．硅酸盐通报，1998，(2)：57～60
[29] 刘平，叶先贤．莫来石的研究及应用进展．地质科技情报，1998，17(2)：18～21
[30] 杜晶．高纯莫来石原料合成工艺研究，耐火材料，2006，40(2)：114～116
[31] 王维邦．耐火材料工艺学，北京：冶金工业出版社．1994，93～94
[32] 徐平坤．合成堇青石工艺的研究．耐火材料，1982，125(4)：15～22
[33] 伊衍升，张景德．氧化铝陶瓷及其复合材料，北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[34] C.Kay, Damage assent of alumina fiber-reinced mullite ceramic matrix composites subjected to cyclic fatigue at ambient and elevated temperatures, J. Eur.Ceram.So, 2000, (22): 447～452
[35] Nischik, Effect of processing on mechanical properties of platelet-reinforced mullite composites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1991,(74): 2464～2468
[36] 李庭寿，孙庚辰．莫来石-刚玉系高温材料的力学性能．耐火材料，1989，23(2)：9～12
[37] 李晓明，吴请顺，祝洪喜．低温烧成莫来石结合刚玉砖的研究．硅酸盐通报，1989，8(3)：76～78
[38] 李楠，玉堂，尹进鸣．低蠕变莫来石-刚玉制品的研制．耐火材料，1990，24(5)：15～18
[39] 叶叔方．低蠕变莫来石-刚玉组合砖的试制．耐火材料，1994，28(1)：57～58
[40] 刘翔，万鑫，谢昌明．刚玉-莫来石中间包整体式水口砖的研制与使用．耐火材料，1996，30(2)：117～118
[41] 茅宇雄，王家邦，杨辉等．莫来石质陶瓷窑具基质的组成设计．材料导报，2000，(14)：37～39
[42] 陈桂华，杨辉，王家邦等．莫来石结合莫来石/刚玉质高温推板的研制．硅酸盐学报，2002，10(增刊)：105～108
[43] 陈桂华．莫来石-刚玉质抗热震复相陶瓷的研究．硕士学位论文，浙江大学
[44] 李庭寿，孙庚辰．莫来石-刚玉系烧结材料在不同温度下断裂强度和断口形貌的研究．耐火材料，1990，24(4)：17～21
[45] 林彬荫，硅线石 红柱石和兰晶石的开发利用．1988年全国优质硅酸铝制品学术论文，1988：44～45
[46] 翁润生．兰晶石族矿物的综合利用和开发．1996中国硅酸盐学会工艺岩石学分会年会论文集，1996：11～19
[47] 徐晓梅，冯改山．耐火材料技术手册．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000，290～192
[48] 林彬荫．兰晶石红柱石硅线石．北京：冶金工业出版社，1998
[49] 靳亲国，李静．河南省三石原料资源现状及应用．2001年全国不定型耐火材料会议论文集，2001：46～47
[50] 徐晓梅，冯改山．耐火材料技术手册，北京：冶金工业出版社，2000，162
[2] Lu J. W. Application and analysis of adjustable profile high frequency switch modetransformer having a U-shaped winding structure. IEEE Trans. Magn., 1998, 34(4): 1345～1347
[3] Takadate K., Yamamoto Y., Makino A. etal. Fine grained MnZn ferrites in the highdriving. J. Appl. Phys., 1998, 83(11): 6861～6863
[4] 徐泽玮．电源技术中应用的软磁材料发展回顾与分析(一)．金属功能材料，2001，8(5)：1～7
[5] 何水校．软磁铁氧体材料的应用与市场．磁性材料及器件，1998，29(1)：44～47
[6] 赵志，杨晓连，崔跃民等．陕西国有大中型企业技术进步现状及对策．中国投资，2002(2)：42～44
[7] 张鸿，任燕．关于陕西信息产业发展的思考．统计与信息论坛，2002，55(17)：88～91
[8] 仇兆增．彩色显示器用偏转磁芯材料的性能．磁性材料及器件，1999，31(4)：22～27
[9] 郭海珠，余森编著．实用耐火原料手册．北京：中国建材工业出版社，2000
[10] 钦征骑．新型陶瓷材料手册．南京：江苏科学技术出版社，1996
[11] 李家驹．陶瓷工艺学．北京：中国轻工业出版社，2001
[12] 轻工业部第一轻工业局编．日用陶瓷工业手册．北京：中国轻工业出版社，1984
[13] 曾令可，任雪潭，贺海洋等．影响窑具使用寿命的因素及提高窑具抗热震性，陶瓷，2001，(1)：26～30
[14] 关振铎，张中太，焦金生．无机材料物理性能。北京：清华大学出版社，1992，42～45
[15] 刘秉诚．日用陶瓷匣钵和棚板结构中的力学特性．湖南陶瓷，1979，(2)：26～28
[16] 华南理工学院等．陶瓷材料物理性能．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1979
[17] 郑珠，赵渭权．莫来石推板的研制．耐火材料，1996，(6)：332～334
[18] 赵世柯，黄校先，施鹰等．相变设计改善耐火材料抗热震性的设想．耐火材 料，1999，33(2)：104～106
[19] 王润泽，刘延伶．改善耐火材料抗热冲击性的途径．耐火材料，1987，(1)：7～12
[20] 徐永东，张立同，韩金探．高温结构陶瓷材料的设计准则．硅酸盐通报，1997，(3)：55～58
[21] J. Selsing. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1961, 44(1): 419
[22] 王润泽，刘延伶．改善耐火材料抗热冲击性的途径．耐火材料，1987(1)：7～12
[23] 王维邦．耐火材料工艺学，北京：冶金工业出版社．1994，86～87
[24] Sadanaga R. The structure of mullite, 2Al_2O_3.SiO2 and relationship with the structure of sillimanite and andalrsite, Acta Crystallogr, 1962, (15): 65～68
[25] Schneider H, Mullite and Mullite Ceramics. Edited by Rahman S H. John Wiley&Sons, Chichester, 1994, (5): 232～234
[26] Sonuparla, Sol-gel processing of IR transparent mullite ceramic, J.Am.Ceram.Soc, 1977, 60(3～4): 150～155
[27] 洪金生，黄校先，郭景坤，SiC颗粒和Y-TZP强化增韧莫来石陶瓷，无机材料学报，1990，5(4)：340～345
[28] 杜春生．莫来石的工业应用．硅酸盐通报，1998，(2)：57～60
[29] 刘平，叶先贤．莫来石的研究及应用进展．地质科技情报，1998，17(2)：18～21
[30] 杜晶．高纯莫来石原料合成工艺研究，耐火材料，2006，40(2)：114～116
[31] 王维邦．耐火材料工艺学，北京：冶金工业出版社．1994，93～94
[32] 徐平坤．合成堇青石工艺的研究．耐火材料，1982，125(4)：15～22
[33] 伊衍升，张景德．氧化铝陶瓷及其复合材料，北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[34] C.Kay, Damage assent of alumina fiber-reinced mullite ceramic matrix composites subjected to cyclic fatigue at ambient and elevated temperatures, J. Eur.Ceram.So, 2000, (22): 447～452
[35] Nischik, Effect of processing on mechanical properties of platelet-reinforced mullite composites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1991,(74): 2464～2468
[36] 李庭寿，孙庚辰．莫来石-刚玉系高温材料的力学性能．耐火材料，1989，23(2)：9～12
[37] 李晓明，吴请顺，祝洪喜．低温烧成莫来石结合刚玉砖的研究．硅酸盐通报，1989，8(3)：76～78
[38] 李楠，玉堂，尹进鸣．低蠕变莫来石-刚玉制品的研制．耐火材料，1990，24(5)：15～18
[39] 叶叔方．低蠕变莫来石-刚玉组合砖的试制．耐火材料，1994，28(1)：57～58
[40] 刘翔，万鑫，谢昌明．刚玉-莫来石中间包整体式水口砖的研制与使用．耐火材料，1996，30(2)：117～118
[41] 茅宇雄，王家邦，杨辉等．莫来石质陶瓷窑具基质的组成设计．材料导报，2000，(14)：37～39
[42] 陈桂华，杨辉，王家邦等．莫来石结合莫来石/刚玉质高温推板的研制．硅酸盐学报，2002，10(增刊)：105～108
[43] 陈桂华．莫来石-刚玉质抗热震复相陶瓷的研究．硕士学位论文，浙江大学
[44] 李庭寿，孙庚辰．莫来石-刚玉系烧结材料在不同温度下断裂强度和断口形貌的研究．耐火材料，1990，24(4)：17～21
[45] 林彬荫，硅线石 红柱石和兰晶石的开发利用．1988年全国优质硅酸铝制品学术论文，1988：44～45
[46] 翁润生．兰晶石族矿物的综合利用和开发．1996中国硅酸盐学会工艺岩石学分会年会论文集，1996：11～19
[47] 徐晓梅，冯改山．耐火材料技术手册．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000，290～192
[48] 林彬荫．兰晶石红柱石硅线石．北京：冶金工业出版社，1998
[49] 靳亲国，李静．河南省三石原料资源现状及应用．2001年全国不定型耐火材料会议论文集，2001：46～47
[50] 徐晓梅，冯改山．耐火材料技术手册，北京：冶金工业出版社，2000，162