石油焦煅烧过程计算机控制系统的研究与开发
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
回转窑煅烧石油焦是一个复杂的生产过程,影响煅烧条件的因素很多,存在强耦合、非线性和大时滞特性,无法建立精确的数学模型,难以通过常规控制方法实现过程稳定化控制。据此,将先进控制理论、计算机与网络通讯技术应用到石油焦煅烧过程,实现生产过程综合自动化,对提高煅后焦质量和生产效率及促进我国铝工业的发展有重要意义。
     论文以中国铝业公司青海分公司1#回转窑煅烧石油焦生产过程为应用背景,详细介绍了石油焦煅烧过程计算机控制系统的研究和设计的方法。在分析煅烧机理的基础上,探讨了回转窑煅烧带温度对锻后焦质量的影响,以及影响煅烧带温度的主要因素。以对煅烧带温度有直接影响的给料量和窑尾负压为被控对象,分别设计了一种改进的模糊控制器,结合变频调速技术,实现了给料量和窑尾负压的稳定化控制。利用WinCC组态软件,论文分析和设计了一套用于煅烧生产过程的监控系统,详细介绍了数据通讯、运行状态监视、故障诊断、数据管理和系统安全等功能模块的实现过程。在分析OPC技术规范的基础上,讨论了控制网与管理网无缝集成的方法,开发了客户接口程序,为实现企业管控一体化提供了解决方案。
     经过调试,系统已投入使用,现场运行结果表明系统稳定性好,可靠性高,达到了设计目标要求。
The calcining process of petroleum coke in rotary kiln is very complex, such as severe coupling, nonlinear and time-lagged. There are difficulties constructing its accurate mathematical model and realizing stable process control by the conventional control techniques. In this paper, advanced control theories and computer network techniques are applied to the calcining process so as to implement comprehensive automation, which is helpful not only to raise product quality and work efficiency, but also to promote aluminum industry.
    This paper presents the methods of researching and designing computer control system of the calcining process of petroleum coke. On the analysis of calcining mechanism, this paper discusses the significance of the temperature of calcining zone. An improved fuzzy controller is designed respectively according to the controlled objects, namely, feeding amount and negative pressure, which directly affect the temperature of calcining zone. And by the introduction of transducer technology, this paper realizes the stable process control of feeding amount and negative pressure. Further, a set of application system, used to monitor and control the calcining process, is developed in WinCC configuration software. The function modules, such as data communication, status monitor, fault diagnosis, data management and system security are introduced detailedly in this paper. After analyzing OPC specifications, this paper discusses some methods of linking control network to Intranet and provides a solution to the realization
     of Control & Management in One.
    The system has been in operation successfully in the enterprise. The results show that it has high stability and reliability.
引文
[1]李圣华,王平甫.石油焦煅烧概论—铝电解炭阳极技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.130~140
    [2]王平甫,家鲁宁.石油焦的特性变化及其对阳极性能的影响.铝电解炭阳极技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.61~62
    [3]刘凤琴,王平甫.煅烧条件对延迟石油焦性能影响的初步研究.铝电解炭阳极技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.141~147
    [4]刘志山.回转窑煅烧石油焦的生产技术优化.铝镁通讯,1998,16(2):9~11
    [5]于进,浅谈回转窑工艺操作最佳化的途径.铝电解炭阳极技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.162~163
    [6]包健,严义.计算机优化控制系统集成软件平台的研究.微计算机信息,2000,16(2):43~44
    [7]姜泽毅,汪霞.荒管再加热炉计算机优化控制系统及其应用。计算机研究与应用,2001,30(6):34~38
    [8]Siemens AG. SIEMENS MieroMaster 430 使用大全. Germany:Siemens,2002. 4~5
    [9]GEORGE A. PERDIKARIS. Computer Controlled Systems Theory and Application. USA: KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, 1991.108~109
    [10]张泰山.计算机控制系统.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000.217~218
    [11]阳春华,沈德耀,吴敏。焦炉配煤专家系统的定性定量综合设计方法。自动化学报,2000,26(2):228~230
    [12]阳春华,桂卫华.锌电解过程实时专家控制系统的设计.计算机应用,1999,19(4):37~39
    [13]J. J. Buckley. Universal fuzzy controller. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1992, Vol(2): 201~211
    [14]蔡自兴.智能控制-基础与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1998.115~140
    [15]桂卫华,周永孝.基于模糊算法的炉料粒级分布优化系统,计算技术与自动化,2001,20(3):37~40
    [16]Cai Zixing. Typical Architecture for Fuzzy Control. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 1997, 4(2): 140~145
    [17]Bornard J A. Use of rule-based system for process control. IEEE Contr Syst Mag, 1988, 8(1):3~13
    
    
    [18]Lee C C. Fuzzy Logic in Control Systems:Fuzzy Logic. Controller Part Ⅰ, Part Ⅱ. IEEE Trans. on Syst, Man, Cybern, 1990, 20(2):404~435
    [19]郭代仪,雷闻宇,梁山。模糊控制技术及其在冶金工业中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.82~85
    [20]熊朝晖.模糊逻辑在温度控制中的应用.计量与测试技术,2002,29(5):16~18
    [21]L. A. Zadeh. Outline of a New Approach to the Analysis of Complex Systems and Decision Process. IEEE Trans. on Syst, Man and Cybernet, 1973, 3 (1):28~44
    [22]Janaka K, Sugeno M. Stability analysis and design of fuzzy control syst ems. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1992, 45(2): 135~156
    [23]应浩.关于模糊控制理论与应用的若干问题.自动化学报,2001,24(4):591~592
    [24]胡伟,冯瑜.软件的模块化及在工程中的应用研究.计算机工程,1999,25(6):76~77
    [25]马国华.监控组态软件及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.80~92
    [26]邹益仁,马增良.现场总线控制系统的设计和开发。北京:国防工业出版社,2003.178~180
    [27]朱因心,王锦标.DCS开放式组态软件的设计与实现.计算机工程与应用,2003,39(17):125~127
    [28]Siemens AG. WinCC v5 The Configuration Manual and the Communication Manual. Germany:Siemens, 2000.21~28
    [29]Siemens AG. SIMATIC WinCC 系统描述. Germany: Siemens, 2000. 13~17
    [30]刘云生.现代数据库技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2001.120~145
    [31]王成光,苏宏业.流程工业实时数据库数据管理模型设计.浙江大学学报,2003,37(2):134~138
    [32]吴明光,张玉润.工业控制实时数据库的研究.控制与决策,1995,10(3):238~240
    [33]吴文传,张伯明.一体化系统的分布式实时数据库管理系统.中国电力,2000.33(10):85~89
    [34]Shim K G, Ramanatham P. Real-Time Computer Science and Engineering. proceedings of the IEEE, 1994, 82(1): 6~25
    [35]张志檩.实时数据库原理与应用.北京:中石化出版社,2001.55~61
    [36]Auslander D M, Tham C H. Real-Time Software for Control:Program
    
    Example in C. Prentice Hall. Int, 1990. 93~98
    [37]王荃,金海东.工控组态软件实时数据库系统的设计与实现.计算机应用, 2000,27(3):40~43
    [38]郑贵林,专祥涛.实时信息与数据库信息融合及组态技术研究.微计算机信息,2003,19(4):69~70
    [39]展在宏.西门子S7-300及工控组态软件WinCC的应用.包钢科技,2002,28(1):43~45
    [40]王涛涛,周雄健,裘丽华.利用MPI接口实现工控机和PLC之间的快速通信.计算机系统应用,2003,12(6):53~55
    [41]杨路明,雷亚军.组态软件WinCC在自动监控系统中的应用.计算技术与自动化,2003,22(4):21~24
    [42]杜学强.企业管理控制一体化与OPC。微计算机信息,2001,17(2):3~4
    [43]向冬,王润孝.基于OPC的多层过程控制系统构架设计及实现。计算机应用,2003,23(2):68~70
    [44]OPC Foundation. OPC Specification. http://www, opcfoundation, org
    [45]AL Chisholm. A Technical Overview of the OPC Data Access Interface. ISA Expo98, 1998.33~37
    [46]OPC Foundation. OPC Data Access Custom Interface Standard, Version2. 03. July 27, 1999.61~62
    [47]李京.工控软件互操作规范OPC技术讲座.自动化仪表,2002,23(5):68~70
    [48]阳宪惠.开放工控系统的中间件—OPC技术.自动化博览,2002,19(2):6~9
    [49]赵仕健.基于OPC的监控软件设计.计算机工程与应用,2002,38(9):109~110
    [50]Michael Halvorson. Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Professional Step by Step.北京:希望电子出版社,1999.371~375
    [51]薛福珍,林盛荣.基于OPC数据访问规范的客户端软件研究与开发.计算机工程,2002,28(4):230~231
    [52]OPC Server-Client Solution. http://www, programfan, net/showarticle, asp? id=2368

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700