基于科技计划的区域科技创新资源配置系统优化研究
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摘要
科技全球化和知识经济的发展,使科技创新能力成为衡量国家及区域综合竞争力的核心。由于作为科技创新重要保障的科技创新资源具有衰退性与稀缺性,因此利用科技计划促进科技创新资源的优化配置与有效利用已成为各国或区域政府支持科技创新的重要战略手段。在科技计划管理改革探索中,亟需一套系统的理论与方法为其提供有效支持。因此,研究与设计基于科技计划的科技创新资源优化配置理论与方法,促进区域科技创新发展具有重要理论与现实意义。
本文在对国内外科技创新资源配置相关理论、方法以及科技计划管理相关问题研究脉络进行系统分析的基础上,界定区域科技创新资源,综合分析区域科技创新资源配置系统的概念、要素、特征、结构、功能以及结构与功能的作用机理,揭示科技计划优化资源配置的功能与实现过程,构建基于科技计划的配置系统结构优化理论框架,提出理论核心思想与配置系统结构优化规则,并从实际管理与应用角度设计配置系统结构优化管理模型。
从配置主体与配置系统目标角度出发,以企业科技活动行为、高校科技活动行为、科研院所科技活动行为、政府科技活动行为以及配置系统运行效果作为五个潜变量,分别以不同配置主体的科技人力资源与财力资源投入作为潜变量的测量指标构建结构方程模型,在对数据进行综合处理与拟合优度及信度、效度检验的基础上,得出配置主体之间的影响程度以及各配置主体对配置系统运行效果的作用与影响方式,据此提出区域科技创新资源的配置模式。
构建区域科技创新资源客体的优化配置方法体系,基于主导产业理论,提出科技主导产业的选择原则,设计量化选择指标体系,给出指标采集与计算方法;基于增长极理论,提出科技辐射区的选择原则,利用反映其特征的科技优势、科技创新资源利用效率以及反映科技发展区特征的科技发展速度构建科技计划优先支持地区的三维选择模型;同时,运用运筹学理论思想,构建了科技经费的项目优化配置模型。
利用系统动力学思想,在分析配置系统因果关系的基础上,构建系统动力学模型,并确定灵敏度分析的对象,为系统综合优化提供方法支持。利用分形理论,从系统结构分布特征与规律入手,构建区域科技创新资源配置效果分形评价模型。
基于“按照科技创新资源优化配置方向推进科技计划管理改革”的思路,提出优化科技计划体系和完善科技计划过程管理等策略;基于产学研联盟、产业集群、区域科技创新平台体系在科技创新资源配置方面的独特优势,提出利用科技计划推动产学研联盟与产业集群发展和区域科技创新平台体系建设,促进科技创新资源优化配置的路径与策略;并从客体结构优化视角,提出优化科技人力、财力、物力及信息资源配置的有关策略。
在上述研究基础上,以黑龙江省为实证研究对象,分析其科技创新资源配置现状,选择六大产业重点支持领域与地区,确定黑龙江省配置系统敏感变量和综合优化方式,并对黑龙江省科技创新资源配置效果进行评价,提出黑龙江省科技创新资源优化配置的有关对策。
本文对区域科技创新资源配置系统结构优化理论、方法与策略体系的研究与设计以及对黑龙江省的实证研究,可为我国各区域科技计划管理的科学化、制度化和规范化,以及提高区域科技创新资源的配置效率和推动区域科技创新提供先进的理论指导和科学的方法支持。
The globalization of science and technology (S&T) and the development of knowledge and economy make S&T innovating competence become the core to weight countries and regions' comprehensive competitiveness. For S&T innovation resources as an important guarantee for S&T innovation has the characteristic of scarcity and recession, accelerating S&T innovation resources optimal allocation and efficient utilization has already become important strategic method for each country or regional government to support S&T innovation. In the exploration of S&T program management revolution, a set of systematic theory and method is needed greatly to offer effective support. Therefore, study and design S&T innovation resources' optimal allocating theory and method based on S&T program has great academic significance and practical meaning to promote the development of regional S&T innovation.
Based on the systematic analysis of domestic and foreign theory and method related to S&T innovation resources allocation as well as the research aspects of S&T program management, this paper defines regional science and technology innovation resources and comprehensively analyzes the concept, factor, characteristics, structure, function and the interacting mechanism between structure and function, and then it expounds S&T resources optimal allocation function of S&T program as well as its realizing process. Meanwhile allocation system structure optimization theory framework based on S&T program is constructed, and its core thought as well as allocation system structure optimization regulation are also put forward; from practical managing and applying viewpoint, allocation system structure optimization managing model is also designed.
From the viewpoint of allocation subject and allocation system's target, takes S&T activity conduct of enterprise and university and research institute and government as well as operating effect of allocation system as five potential variables, and individually takes S&T human resources and capital resources input of different allocation subjects as observation indexes of potential variables to construct structural equation model. On the basis of making comprehensive treatment on data and testing fitting grade and reliability as well as validity, influencing degree among allocation subjects as well as acting and influencing ways between each subject and allocation system operating effect is gained. Accordingly, puts forward allocation pattern of regional S&T innovation resources.
Constructs optimal allocation method system of regional S&T innovation resources subjects, and based on leading industry theory, points out leading industry selecting principles and designs quantitative selecting index system, brings forward index collecting and calculating method; and based on growth pole theory, points out S&T radiating area selecting principles and constructs three-dimension selecting model using S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources' utilizing efficiency which reflect S&T radiating area's characteristic as well as S&T developing speed which reflects S&T developing area's characteristic; In addition, this paper constructs project optimal allocation model of S&T funds using operation research theory thought.
Using system dynamics thought and on the basis of analyzing causality of allocation system, this paper constructs system dynamics model. Meanwhile, this paper selects sensitivity analyzing objects, which offers method support for system's comprehensive optimization. Meanwhile, according to fractal theory, it establishes fractal evaluation model on regional S&T innovation resources allocation effect from the aspects of system structure distribution characteristic and regulation.
According to the thought-"promote S&T program reform according to the direction of S&T innovation resources optimal allocating", this paper puts forward tactics on S&T program system optimization and S&T program process management perfecting and so on. For the special advantage on S&T innovation resources allocation of industry-university- research institute alliance and industry cluster as well as regional S&T innovation platform system, the tactics of accelerating S&T innovation resources optimal allocation based on promoting industry-university-research institute alliance and industry cluster development as well as the construction of regional S&T innovation platform system by S&T program are put forward; and then related tactics on optimizing S&T human resources as well as capital and material and information resources' allocation are brought forward from the aspects of objects structure optimization.
Based on the above research, this paper takes Heilongjiang province as positive research object, analyzes its S&T innovation resources' current allocation situation, selects the preferential support field of six industries as well as areas receiving great support, and then ascertains Heilongjiang allocation system's sensitive variables and comprehensive optimization method. Meanwhile it evaluates S&T innovation resources' allocating effect of Heilongjiang and related countermeasures on optimizing S&T innovation resources allocation of Heilongjiang are also put forward.
The research and design on regional S&T innovation resources allocation theory and method as well as tactics system and the positive study on Heilongjiang province can offer advantageous theory guidance and scientific method support for scientific and institutionalized and standardized S&T program management of each region as well as the improvement of region's S&T innovation resources allocating efficiency and the acceleration of region's S&T innovation.
本文在对国内外科技创新资源配置相关理论、方法以及科技计划管理相关问题研究脉络进行系统分析的基础上,界定区域科技创新资源,综合分析区域科技创新资源配置系统的概念、要素、特征、结构、功能以及结构与功能的作用机理,揭示科技计划优化资源配置的功能与实现过程,构建基于科技计划的配置系统结构优化理论框架,提出理论核心思想与配置系统结构优化规则,并从实际管理与应用角度设计配置系统结构优化管理模型。
从配置主体与配置系统目标角度出发,以企业科技活动行为、高校科技活动行为、科研院所科技活动行为、政府科技活动行为以及配置系统运行效果作为五个潜变量,分别以不同配置主体的科技人力资源与财力资源投入作为潜变量的测量指标构建结构方程模型,在对数据进行综合处理与拟合优度及信度、效度检验的基础上,得出配置主体之间的影响程度以及各配置主体对配置系统运行效果的作用与影响方式,据此提出区域科技创新资源的配置模式。
构建区域科技创新资源客体的优化配置方法体系,基于主导产业理论,提出科技主导产业的选择原则,设计量化选择指标体系,给出指标采集与计算方法;基于增长极理论,提出科技辐射区的选择原则,利用反映其特征的科技优势、科技创新资源利用效率以及反映科技发展区特征的科技发展速度构建科技计划优先支持地区的三维选择模型;同时,运用运筹学理论思想,构建了科技经费的项目优化配置模型。
利用系统动力学思想,在分析配置系统因果关系的基础上,构建系统动力学模型,并确定灵敏度分析的对象,为系统综合优化提供方法支持。利用分形理论,从系统结构分布特征与规律入手,构建区域科技创新资源配置效果分形评价模型。
基于“按照科技创新资源优化配置方向推进科技计划管理改革”的思路,提出优化科技计划体系和完善科技计划过程管理等策略;基于产学研联盟、产业集群、区域科技创新平台体系在科技创新资源配置方面的独特优势,提出利用科技计划推动产学研联盟与产业集群发展和区域科技创新平台体系建设,促进科技创新资源优化配置的路径与策略;并从客体结构优化视角,提出优化科技人力、财力、物力及信息资源配置的有关策略。
在上述研究基础上,以黑龙江省为实证研究对象,分析其科技创新资源配置现状,选择六大产业重点支持领域与地区,确定黑龙江省配置系统敏感变量和综合优化方式,并对黑龙江省科技创新资源配置效果进行评价,提出黑龙江省科技创新资源优化配置的有关对策。
本文对区域科技创新资源配置系统结构优化理论、方法与策略体系的研究与设计以及对黑龙江省的实证研究,可为我国各区域科技计划管理的科学化、制度化和规范化,以及提高区域科技创新资源的配置效率和推动区域科技创新提供先进的理论指导和科学的方法支持。
The globalization of science and technology (S&T) and the development of knowledge and economy make S&T innovating competence become the core to weight countries and regions' comprehensive competitiveness. For S&T innovation resources as an important guarantee for S&T innovation has the characteristic of scarcity and recession, accelerating S&T innovation resources optimal allocation and efficient utilization has already become important strategic method for each country or regional government to support S&T innovation. In the exploration of S&T program management revolution, a set of systematic theory and method is needed greatly to offer effective support. Therefore, study and design S&T innovation resources' optimal allocating theory and method based on S&T program has great academic significance and practical meaning to promote the development of regional S&T innovation.
Based on the systematic analysis of domestic and foreign theory and method related to S&T innovation resources allocation as well as the research aspects of S&T program management, this paper defines regional science and technology innovation resources and comprehensively analyzes the concept, factor, characteristics, structure, function and the interacting mechanism between structure and function, and then it expounds S&T resources optimal allocation function of S&T program as well as its realizing process. Meanwhile allocation system structure optimization theory framework based on S&T program is constructed, and its core thought as well as allocation system structure optimization regulation are also put forward; from practical managing and applying viewpoint, allocation system structure optimization managing model is also designed.
From the viewpoint of allocation subject and allocation system's target, takes S&T activity conduct of enterprise and university and research institute and government as well as operating effect of allocation system as five potential variables, and individually takes S&T human resources and capital resources input of different allocation subjects as observation indexes of potential variables to construct structural equation model. On the basis of making comprehensive treatment on data and testing fitting grade and reliability as well as validity, influencing degree among allocation subjects as well as acting and influencing ways between each subject and allocation system operating effect is gained. Accordingly, puts forward allocation pattern of regional S&T innovation resources.
Constructs optimal allocation method system of regional S&T innovation resources subjects, and based on leading industry theory, points out leading industry selecting principles and designs quantitative selecting index system, brings forward index collecting and calculating method; and based on growth pole theory, points out S&T radiating area selecting principles and constructs three-dimension selecting model using S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources' utilizing efficiency which reflect S&T radiating area's characteristic as well as S&T developing speed which reflects S&T developing area's characteristic; In addition, this paper constructs project optimal allocation model of S&T funds using operation research theory thought.
Using system dynamics thought and on the basis of analyzing causality of allocation system, this paper constructs system dynamics model. Meanwhile, this paper selects sensitivity analyzing objects, which offers method support for system's comprehensive optimization. Meanwhile, according to fractal theory, it establishes fractal evaluation model on regional S&T innovation resources allocation effect from the aspects of system structure distribution characteristic and regulation.
According to the thought-"promote S&T program reform according to the direction of S&T innovation resources optimal allocating", this paper puts forward tactics on S&T program system optimization and S&T program process management perfecting and so on. For the special advantage on S&T innovation resources allocation of industry-university- research institute alliance and industry cluster as well as regional S&T innovation platform system, the tactics of accelerating S&T innovation resources optimal allocation based on promoting industry-university-research institute alliance and industry cluster development as well as the construction of regional S&T innovation platform system by S&T program are put forward; and then related tactics on optimizing S&T human resources as well as capital and material and information resources' allocation are brought forward from the aspects of objects structure optimization.
Based on the above research, this paper takes Heilongjiang province as positive research object, analyzes its S&T innovation resources' current allocation situation, selects the preferential support field of six industries as well as areas receiving great support, and then ascertains Heilongjiang allocation system's sensitive variables and comprehensive optimization method. Meanwhile it evaluates S&T innovation resources' allocating effect of Heilongjiang and related countermeasures on optimizing S&T innovation resources allocation of Heilongjiang are also put forward.
The research and design on regional S&T innovation resources allocation theory and method as well as tactics system and the positive study on Heilongjiang province can offer advantageous theory guidance and scientific method support for scientific and institutionalized and standardized S&T program management of each region as well as the improvement of region's S&T innovation resources allocating efficiency and the acceleration of region's S&T innovation.
引文
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