加装扣环机车轮对的力学行为研究
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摘要
铁路运输在我国的交通运输业中举足轻重，对整个国民经济影响巨大。针对我国机车广泛采用的组装式机车轮对，可能因轮箍弛缓造成的机车脱轨事故、颠覆，影响铁路运输安全的问题，本文提出给组装式机车轮对轮箍加装安全扣环。该措施可有效地防止因轮箍弛缓而造成的列车脱轨乃至颠覆等重大事故。
加装扣环后的机车轮对在运用过程中的应力及其分布状态、轮对的动力学特性、轮箍的踏面和轮缘使用安全边界、运用过程中轮对的温度场及应力等方面将产生相应的影响。因此，必须对加装扣环后机车轮对的力学行为进行研究，为保证铁路机车运行安全提供理论依据。本文在分析轮轨系统相互作用关系的基础上，对加装扣环车轮的力学行为进行了研究，主要研究内容包括：
(1)针对组装式机车轮对可能因轮箍迟缓造成机车脱轨与颠覆问题，提出在轮箍内侧加装扣环的解决方案，可有效地防止因此造成的列车脱轨与颠覆。
(2)对加装扣环的机车轮对的静、动力学行为进行了研究。研究结果表明扣环槽的存在对轮对静、动力学行为产生了一定影响，但这些影响是局部的，并没有引起质的变化。从理论上证明机车轮对加装扣环后能够保证运行安全。
(3)分析了轮对踏面线形的演变及磨耗型踏面的特点，提出了轮箍踏面均匀磨损假说。由此假说建立优化模型，寻求到加装扣环轮对的理论极限边界。研究表明铁道部轮对技术规范规定的禁用限度对于加装扣环的机车轮对仍然是安全和适用的。
(4)对加装扣环的机车轮对在紧急制动工况下的力学行为进行了研究。模拟分析了垫片间间隙对轮对的应力分布的影响，指出轮箍加装垫片时，其片间间隙的控制范围。
上述研究是以与武汉铁路局科委及武昌机务段的合作研究项目《轮对加装扣环的性能分析及模拟仿真》为背景的，研究结果表明机车轮对加装扣环方案是安全可靠与可行的，可有效的防止因轮箍弛缓造成列车脱轨与颠覆，对于保证铁路机车的运行安全有着重大的意义。该方案已在武汉、郑州、北京等铁路局部分机车上采用，运行情况良好。
The railage plays very important role in the traffic transport of our country, and has great effect on our country economy. Because the assembly locomotive wheel which is widely used in our country may cause the digression and subversion accident because of the rim relaxation, which badly affects the safety of the railage, this article brings forward the method that adds a safety retaining ring to the rim of the assembly locomotive wheel, which can effectively prevent the serious accident such as locomotive digression, subversion caused by the rim relaxation.
The change that adds retaining ring to the locomotive wheel will influence the moving wheel on the stress and its distribution of the assembling wheel, the dynamics characteristics of the wheel, the safety border of the rim tread and flange of the wheel, the temperature and stress field, etc. So it is necessary to analyze the mechanics behaviour of the locomotive wheel added the retaining ring, so that we can supply the theory proof to the safety usage of the locomotive. At the basis of the analysis to the relationship of the reciprocity of the wheel and rail system, it studies the mechanics behaviour of the locomotive wheel added the retaining ring. The research includes:
(1) For the locomotive digression and subversion problem caused by the rim relaxation of the assembly locomotive wheel, bringing forward the method that adds the retaining ring to the inside of the rim, which can effectively prevent the locomotive digression and subversion.
(2) Researching the statics and dynamics of the locomotive wheel added retaining ring. The research result shows that the presence of the retaining ring trough has some effect to the statics and dynamics, but the effect is local and does not cause the change of the quality. It proves, from theory, that the locomotive wheel can run safely after adding the retaining ring.
(3) Analysing the alignment evolvement of the locomotive wheel tread and the character of wearing tread, giving the uniformity wear suppose of the wheel tyre tread. Building the optimization model by the suppose to quest the theory high-point borderline of the adding retaining ring wheel. The research shows that the forbidden limit which is prescribed in the technology criterion by the Railway Department is until safe and applicable to the locomotive wheel added the retaining ring.
(4) Researching the mechanics behaviour of the locomotive wheel added the
加装扣环后的机车轮对在运用过程中的应力及其分布状态、轮对的动力学特性、轮箍的踏面和轮缘使用安全边界、运用过程中轮对的温度场及应力等方面将产生相应的影响。因此，必须对加装扣环后机车轮对的力学行为进行研究，为保证铁路机车运行安全提供理论依据。本文在分析轮轨系统相互作用关系的基础上，对加装扣环车轮的力学行为进行了研究，主要研究内容包括：
(1)针对组装式机车轮对可能因轮箍迟缓造成机车脱轨与颠覆问题，提出在轮箍内侧加装扣环的解决方案，可有效地防止因此造成的列车脱轨与颠覆。
(2)对加装扣环的机车轮对的静、动力学行为进行了研究。研究结果表明扣环槽的存在对轮对静、动力学行为产生了一定影响，但这些影响是局部的，并没有引起质的变化。从理论上证明机车轮对加装扣环后能够保证运行安全。
(3)分析了轮对踏面线形的演变及磨耗型踏面的特点，提出了轮箍踏面均匀磨损假说。由此假说建立优化模型，寻求到加装扣环轮对的理论极限边界。研究表明铁道部轮对技术规范规定的禁用限度对于加装扣环的机车轮对仍然是安全和适用的。
(4)对加装扣环的机车轮对在紧急制动工况下的力学行为进行了研究。模拟分析了垫片间间隙对轮对的应力分布的影响，指出轮箍加装垫片时，其片间间隙的控制范围。
上述研究是以与武汉铁路局科委及武昌机务段的合作研究项目《轮对加装扣环的性能分析及模拟仿真》为背景的，研究结果表明机车轮对加装扣环方案是安全可靠与可行的，可有效的防止因轮箍弛缓造成列车脱轨与颠覆，对于保证铁路机车的运行安全有着重大的意义。该方案已在武汉、郑州、北京等铁路局部分机车上采用，运行情况良好。
The railage plays very important role in the traffic transport of our country, and has great effect on our country economy. Because the assembly locomotive wheel which is widely used in our country may cause the digression and subversion accident because of the rim relaxation, which badly affects the safety of the railage, this article brings forward the method that adds a safety retaining ring to the rim of the assembly locomotive wheel, which can effectively prevent the serious accident such as locomotive digression, subversion caused by the rim relaxation.
The change that adds retaining ring to the locomotive wheel will influence the moving wheel on the stress and its distribution of the assembling wheel, the dynamics characteristics of the wheel, the safety border of the rim tread and flange of the wheel, the temperature and stress field, etc. So it is necessary to analyze the mechanics behaviour of the locomotive wheel added the retaining ring, so that we can supply the theory proof to the safety usage of the locomotive. At the basis of the analysis to the relationship of the reciprocity of the wheel and rail system, it studies the mechanics behaviour of the locomotive wheel added the retaining ring. The research includes:
(1) For the locomotive digression and subversion problem caused by the rim relaxation of the assembly locomotive wheel, bringing forward the method that adds the retaining ring to the inside of the rim, which can effectively prevent the locomotive digression and subversion.
(2) Researching the statics and dynamics of the locomotive wheel added retaining ring. The research result shows that the presence of the retaining ring trough has some effect to the statics and dynamics, but the effect is local and does not cause the change of the quality. It proves, from theory, that the locomotive wheel can run safely after adding the retaining ring.
(3) Analysing the alignment evolvement of the locomotive wheel tread and the character of wearing tread, giving the uniformity wear suppose of the wheel tyre tread. Building the optimization model by the suppose to quest the theory high-point borderline of the adding retaining ring wheel. The research shows that the forbidden limit which is prescribed in the technology criterion by the Railway Department is until safe and applicable to the locomotive wheel added the retaining ring.
(4) Researching the mechanics behaviour of the locomotive wheel added the
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