东濮凹陷胡状集非均质油藏剩余油分布与挖潜研究
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摘要
胡状集油田构造复杂,储层具有严重非均质性,经过二十多年的开发,目前已进入中高含水阶段。本论文在油藏精细描述的基础上,研究储层的非均质特征;通过分析注水前、后取心井室内实验和化验资料,研究储层注水后变化规律;利用室内实验数据和生产测试数据研究中差层启动压力梯度、启动压力,建立了中差层启动压力梯度、启动压力与储层物性的关系模型;将启动压力研究与剩余油分布研究结合起来,丰富了剩余油研究方法,并应用多种方法研究了胡状集油田的剩余油分布规律;针对严重非均质油藏剩余油分布特点,在借鉴国内外油田成功经验的基础上,提出分类剩余油挖潜对策。
本研究针对胡状集油田储层严重非均质性的特点,从沉积学和成岩作用的角度分析,认为砂岩低成份成熟度和低结构成熟度是该区储层严重非均质性形成的内因;利用大量生产数据和室内实验结果研究分析,认为开发过程中采取密井网、小井距强注强采的开采方式,是储层非均质性进一步加剧的外因;储层中分布的高渗条带对油田开发影响很大,是油田注水波及体积小、开发效果差的重要原因。储层注水后变化规律室内实验分析结果表明:注水开发对储层的渗透率影响较大,在一定注采条件下,中高渗储层容易发生增渗作用,并且储层的原始渗透率越高,产生的增渗作用越强;注水对储层微观非均质的影响,主要体现在大孔隙、喉道数量的增加,注水后储层微观非均质性增强,驱油效率降低。剩余油分布规律主要受构造和储层的非均质性控制,层内剩余油所占比重最大,是今后挖潜的重点方向。中差层启动压力梯度室内实验证明:低渗透、中高渗透层都存在启动压力梯度;低渗透层启动压力梯度高,中高渗透层启动压力梯度明显降低;由低渗透到中高渗透层,启动压力梯度变化速率存在明显的区间性。中差层启动压力生产测试结果表明:随着渗透率升高,启动压力总体上呈降低趋势,但启动压力与渗透率之间的规律性变差;影响启动压力高低的因素较多,除了渗透率之外,沉积相带变化、注采井距、油水井井筒状况等都将影响启动压力测试结果。针对严重非均质油藏剩余油分布特点,挖潜剩余油包括注采调整、层系调整、应用采油和钻井工艺技术等多种技术手段,有时需要采用复合的技术手段。
论文的主要特色和创新主要有几点:第一,通过研究启动压力梯度室内实验和启动压力现场测试数据,建立了启动压力梯度、启动压力与渗透率之间的数学模型;第二,将启动压力与剩余油研究结合起来,形成了新的剩余油研究方法;第三,分析了储层注水后变化的主客观因素,研究了储层注水后变化规律;第四,研究剩余油分布规律,提出挖潜对策;第五,认识到挖潜严重非均质油藏的剩余油,需要综合配套应用多种技术手段。
The structure is complicated and it has a serious heterogeneous reservoir inHuzhuangji oilfield, and now the oilfield has been in medium-high water cutdevelopment period after more than twenty years. The paper studies the heterogeneitycharacteristics of the reservoir on the basis of reservoir fine description;it studies thechanging rules of reservoir after water injection through analyzing the indoor experimentand chemical test data of the cored wells before and after water injection. And the papersets up the relation model of start-up pressure grades、start-up pressure and reservoirproperty on the use of the difference layer's start-up pressure grades and start-up pressurein the study of indoor experiment data and development testing data;The combination ofstart-up pressure study and remaining oil distribution study increases the study methodsof remaining oil and the paper studies the distribution rules of remaining oil inHuzhuangji Oilfield with several methods, and puts forward potential-tapping methods ofremaining oil on the basis of the use of reference on successful experience of in andabroad the country.
From the aspects of sedimentology and diagenic metamorphism, this study pointsout that low compositional maturity and low textural maturity is the inner cause offorming serious heterogeneity in the district;And adopting dense well pattern and closespacing forced injection-forced development make it more serious on heterogeneity;High permeability stripes in the reservoir which affects the development of oilfield somuch is the important cause of small volume of injection water and poor developmentresult. The result of indoor experiment analysis on reservoir after water injection showsthat: water injection development affects the reservoir permeability very much andincreasing permeability action happens in layer with medium-high permeability in somecases. And the higher the original permeability is, the stronger increasing permeabilityaction happens. The effects on microscope reservoir heterogeneity after water injectionmainly appears in the increase of big pore space and throat, the stronger of reservoirheterogeneity and the decline of oil- driving efficiency. The distribution rules ofremaining oil are mainly affected by structure and reservoir heterogeneity, and theimportant direction of potential- tapping of remaining oil is the remaining oil in thelayers. Indoor experiment on start-up pressure grades of medium-poor layers shows thatstart-up pressure grades exists in layers with medium-high permeability;If start-uppressure grades is high, and start-up pressure grades of layers with medium-highpermeability declines obviously;The ratio of start-up pressure grades appears an obviousinterval characteristics from layers with small permeability to layers with medium-highpermeability. The result of development test on medium-poor layers shows that, with theincrease of permeability, start-up pressure rises in general, but the rules between start-uppressure and permeability becomes worse;Besides permeability, the variation ofsedimentary facies、injection-development well space and well pit conditions of oil waterwells affect the test results of start-up pressure. In view of the distribution characteristics
of remaining oil of reservoir with serious heterogeneity, the methods of potential- tappingof remaining oil include adjustment of injection and development、adjustment of layersystem、application of technological methods of oil mining and well drilling or complexmethods.The features and innovations of the paper are mainly like followed: First, set up themathematical model between start-up pressure grades 、 start-up pressure andpermeability through the study on data of indoor experiment on start-up pressure gradesand field test on start-up pressure;Second, create a new method on remaining oil studyon the combination of start-up pressure and remaining oil study;Third, analyze thesubjective and objective elements of variation on reservoir after water-injection, studythe variation rules of the reservoir;Fourth, put forward the potential-tapping methods onthe basis of the study on distribution of remaining oil;Fifth, point out that complextechnological methods should be used on the potential-tapping of remaining oil inreservoir with serious heterogeneity.
本研究针对胡状集油田储层严重非均质性的特点,从沉积学和成岩作用的角度分析,认为砂岩低成份成熟度和低结构成熟度是该区储层严重非均质性形成的内因;利用大量生产数据和室内实验结果研究分析,认为开发过程中采取密井网、小井距强注强采的开采方式,是储层非均质性进一步加剧的外因;储层中分布的高渗条带对油田开发影响很大,是油田注水波及体积小、开发效果差的重要原因。储层注水后变化规律室内实验分析结果表明:注水开发对储层的渗透率影响较大,在一定注采条件下,中高渗储层容易发生增渗作用,并且储层的原始渗透率越高,产生的增渗作用越强;注水对储层微观非均质的影响,主要体现在大孔隙、喉道数量的增加,注水后储层微观非均质性增强,驱油效率降低。剩余油分布规律主要受构造和储层的非均质性控制,层内剩余油所占比重最大,是今后挖潜的重点方向。中差层启动压力梯度室内实验证明:低渗透、中高渗透层都存在启动压力梯度;低渗透层启动压力梯度高,中高渗透层启动压力梯度明显降低;由低渗透到中高渗透层,启动压力梯度变化速率存在明显的区间性。中差层启动压力生产测试结果表明:随着渗透率升高,启动压力总体上呈降低趋势,但启动压力与渗透率之间的规律性变差;影响启动压力高低的因素较多,除了渗透率之外,沉积相带变化、注采井距、油水井井筒状况等都将影响启动压力测试结果。针对严重非均质油藏剩余油分布特点,挖潜剩余油包括注采调整、层系调整、应用采油和钻井工艺技术等多种技术手段,有时需要采用复合的技术手段。
论文的主要特色和创新主要有几点:第一,通过研究启动压力梯度室内实验和启动压力现场测试数据,建立了启动压力梯度、启动压力与渗透率之间的数学模型;第二,将启动压力与剩余油研究结合起来,形成了新的剩余油研究方法;第三,分析了储层注水后变化的主客观因素,研究了储层注水后变化规律;第四,研究剩余油分布规律,提出挖潜对策;第五,认识到挖潜严重非均质油藏的剩余油,需要综合配套应用多种技术手段。
The structure is complicated and it has a serious heterogeneous reservoir inHuzhuangji oilfield, and now the oilfield has been in medium-high water cutdevelopment period after more than twenty years. The paper studies the heterogeneitycharacteristics of the reservoir on the basis of reservoir fine description;it studies thechanging rules of reservoir after water injection through analyzing the indoor experimentand chemical test data of the cored wells before and after water injection. And the papersets up the relation model of start-up pressure grades、start-up pressure and reservoirproperty on the use of the difference layer's start-up pressure grades and start-up pressurein the study of indoor experiment data and development testing data;The combination ofstart-up pressure study and remaining oil distribution study increases the study methodsof remaining oil and the paper studies the distribution rules of remaining oil inHuzhuangji Oilfield with several methods, and puts forward potential-tapping methods ofremaining oil on the basis of the use of reference on successful experience of in andabroad the country.
From the aspects of sedimentology and diagenic metamorphism, this study pointsout that low compositional maturity and low textural maturity is the inner cause offorming serious heterogeneity in the district;And adopting dense well pattern and closespacing forced injection-forced development make it more serious on heterogeneity;High permeability stripes in the reservoir which affects the development of oilfield somuch is the important cause of small volume of injection water and poor developmentresult. The result of indoor experiment analysis on reservoir after water injection showsthat: water injection development affects the reservoir permeability very much andincreasing permeability action happens in layer with medium-high permeability in somecases. And the higher the original permeability is, the stronger increasing permeabilityaction happens. The effects on microscope reservoir heterogeneity after water injectionmainly appears in the increase of big pore space and throat, the stronger of reservoirheterogeneity and the decline of oil- driving efficiency. The distribution rules ofremaining oil are mainly affected by structure and reservoir heterogeneity, and theimportant direction of potential- tapping of remaining oil is the remaining oil in thelayers. Indoor experiment on start-up pressure grades of medium-poor layers shows thatstart-up pressure grades exists in layers with medium-high permeability;If start-uppressure grades is high, and start-up pressure grades of layers with medium-highpermeability declines obviously;The ratio of start-up pressure grades appears an obviousinterval characteristics from layers with small permeability to layers with medium-highpermeability. The result of development test on medium-poor layers shows that, with theincrease of permeability, start-up pressure rises in general, but the rules between start-uppressure and permeability becomes worse;Besides permeability, the variation ofsedimentary facies、injection-development well space and well pit conditions of oil waterwells affect the test results of start-up pressure. In view of the distribution characteristics
of remaining oil of reservoir with serious heterogeneity, the methods of potential- tappingof remaining oil include adjustment of injection and development、adjustment of layersystem、application of technological methods of oil mining and well drilling or complexmethods.The features and innovations of the paper are mainly like followed: First, set up themathematical model between start-up pressure grades 、 start-up pressure andpermeability through the study on data of indoor experiment on start-up pressure gradesand field test on start-up pressure;Second, create a new method on remaining oil studyon the combination of start-up pressure and remaining oil study;Third, analyze thesubjective and objective elements of variation on reservoir after water-injection, studythe variation rules of the reservoir;Fourth, put forward the potential-tapping methods onthe basis of the study on distribution of remaining oil;Fifth, point out that complextechnological methods should be used on the potential-tapping of remaining oil inreservoir with serious heterogeneity.
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