大庆宋芳屯油田芳2区块地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模研究
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摘要
本文研究的目的，一是利用横向上具有密集采样的地震数据和在纵向上具有高分辨率的井数据，为大庆宋芳屯油田芳2区块建立较为精确的储层地质模型，对芳葡62-34—芳48-38断块布井方案进行认证；二是通过对大庆宋芳屯油田芳2区块结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的研究，探讨地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模的技术细节，为大庆油田结合地震资料建立储层地质模型进行方法尝试和积累经验。
地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模技术，是指以地质统计学为基础的结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的技术和方法的总称。
和地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模的目的基本相同，现代地震资料反演也是致力于建立储层岩性与物性等参数的三维空间分布模型。但两者之间存在很大的不同，地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模以井资料为主，地震资料起约束作用，而地震反演以地震资料为主，井资料起约束作用；前者即包括确定性建模方法，也包括随机建模方法，而后者从广义上讲属确定性建模范畴；两者在建模算法和精度等方面还有所不同。论文在介绍储层地质建模技术研究的现状和发展趋势的基础上，论述了开展结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的重要性、地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模和广义储层地质建模的关系、地震资料在储层地质建模中应用的可行性、地震资料的约束作用，以及地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模技术的应用领域。
总结了地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模的方法体系，包括井震数据匹配方法、地震属性提取与有效性分析方法、储层结构模型建模方法和储层属性模型建模方法四部分内容。提出了将二维分布的地震属性用于三维储层地质建模的井震数据匹配地震属性纵向等值法、基于储层地质建模储层地质属性的地震属性分类方法、地震波形偏度与尖度的概念、地震时窗选取准则和地震属性分析准则，为在大庆油田开展储层地质建模建立了可选的地震属性参数表。井震数据匹配地震属性纵向等值法适用于薄储层的地质建模，有利于结合二维地震资料开展三维储层地质建模研究。介绍了能够结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的协克里金、同位协同克里金、具有外部漂移的克里金和贝叶斯克里金等确定性建模方法、序贯指示同位协同模拟、序贯高斯协模拟、序贯高斯同位协同模拟和块克里金序贯高斯模拟等随机建模方法，以及随机反演方法。在此基础上，结合研究区建模的实际要求分析和初选了大庆宋芳屯油田芳2区块储层地质建模方法。
宋芳屯油田芳2区块包括1979年开辟的芳2实验区及其西侧的芳葡62-34—芳48-38断块，储层是一套夹持于巨厚的黑色泥岩当中的下白垩统姚家组一段的砂泥岩互层。沉积相分为三角洲分流平原相、三角洲内前缘相、三角洲外前缘相和滨浅湖四个亚相，分别分布在葡萄花油层的9个小层之上。在对研究区储层地质特征研究、地震资料精细解释和地震属性分析的基础上，以地震主频为协变量，在平面上建立了砂岩厚度分布模型和钻井成功率预测模型；根据储层沉积亚相纵向分布的成层性，以沉积亚相界面为层面，在地震资料储层顶面和断层解释数据的约束下，建立了三维储层结构模型；以三维储层结构模型为基础，建立了砂体骨架模型，采用二步法建模策略建立了三维孔隙度模型。通过对不同模型精度与有效性的分析，对芳葡62-34—芳48-38断块布井方案进行了认证，认为该断块砂岩和孔隙度发育，适宜布井，对四口钻井成功率预测值较低的开发设计井提出了缓钻意见。
研究表明结合地震资料实现多信息综合储层建模，能够提高储层地质模型的精度，有效地降低模型中的不确定性。
This dissertation has two purposes. The first is to build reservoir geological models for Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun oil field, based on the application of seismic data that is areally dense, and well-log data that provides good vertical resolution. The second is to study the technique details of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data, based on the study of reservoir geological modeling in Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun oi! field, So that the methods of reservoir geological modeling can be tested and some experience can be accumulated for Daqing oil field.
The reservoir geological modeling techniques integrated seismic and well-log data are the techniques and methods based on geostatistics and integrated seismic data to build reservoir geological model.
The purpose of advanced seismic inversion is similar with reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data. It also aims at building 3D model of reservoir lithology and physics character. But they have a lot of different points. Firstly, well-log data is main data in reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data, seismic data only makes restriction function, and seismic data is main in seismic inversion, well-log data only makes restriction function. Secondly, reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data not only includes deterministic modeling methods, but also includes stochastic modeling methods, and seismic inversion belongs to deterministic modeling domain. They also have some difference ir, modeling arithmetic and precision. Based on the introduce about research actuality and development direction of the reservoir geological modeling techniques, some problems are discussed for understanding the reservoir geological modeling techniques integrated seismic and well-log data, for example, the significance of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic data, the relation of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic data and generalized reservoir geological modeling, the feasibility of incorporating seismic data in reservoir models, the restriction function of seismic data, and the application domain of the reservoir geological modeling techniques integrated seismic and well-log data.
The method system of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data is built. It includes the matching methods of well-log and seismic data, the methods of seismic attribute extraction and effectiveness analysis, the methods of reservoir structure modeling, and the methods of reservoir property modeling. A new matching method of well-log and seismic data is presented so that two-dimensional distributed seismic attribute can be used in 3D reservoir geological modeling. It is named vertical equivalence method. The seismic attribute classification method based on the geological properties in reservoir geological modeling, seismic wave skewness and kurtosis conception, and the rules of seismic time window selection and attribute analysis are presented. A seismic attribute table is built for reservoir geological modeling in Daqing oil field. The seismic attribute vertical equivalence method used in well-log and seismic data matching is effective for thin reservoir geological modeling. It benefits to build 3D reservoir geological model with 2D seismic data. Some methods that can integrate seismic data to build reservoir geological model are introduced, for example, co-Kriging, collocated co-Kriging, Kriging with an external drift and bayes Kriging of deterministic modeling methods, sequential indicator collocated co-simulation, sequential
Gaussian co-simulation, sequential Gaussian collocated co-simulation and sequential Gaussian simulation with block Kriging of stochastic modeling methods, and stochastic inversion method. Based on the reservoir geological modeling fact request of the research area, the reservoir geological modeling methods are analyzed and selected for Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun oil field.
Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun
地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模技术，是指以地质统计学为基础的结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的技术和方法的总称。
和地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模的目的基本相同，现代地震资料反演也是致力于建立储层岩性与物性等参数的三维空间分布模型。但两者之间存在很大的不同，地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模以井资料为主，地震资料起约束作用，而地震反演以地震资料为主，井资料起约束作用；前者即包括确定性建模方法，也包括随机建模方法，而后者从广义上讲属确定性建模范畴；两者在建模算法和精度等方面还有所不同。论文在介绍储层地质建模技术研究的现状和发展趋势的基础上，论述了开展结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的重要性、地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模和广义储层地质建模的关系、地震资料在储层地质建模中应用的可行性、地震资料的约束作用，以及地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模技术的应用领域。
总结了地震与地质资料综合储层地质建模的方法体系，包括井震数据匹配方法、地震属性提取与有效性分析方法、储层结构模型建模方法和储层属性模型建模方法四部分内容。提出了将二维分布的地震属性用于三维储层地质建模的井震数据匹配地震属性纵向等值法、基于储层地质建模储层地质属性的地震属性分类方法、地震波形偏度与尖度的概念、地震时窗选取准则和地震属性分析准则，为在大庆油田开展储层地质建模建立了可选的地震属性参数表。井震数据匹配地震属性纵向等值法适用于薄储层的地质建模，有利于结合二维地震资料开展三维储层地质建模研究。介绍了能够结合地震资料建立储层地质模型的协克里金、同位协同克里金、具有外部漂移的克里金和贝叶斯克里金等确定性建模方法、序贯指示同位协同模拟、序贯高斯协模拟、序贯高斯同位协同模拟和块克里金序贯高斯模拟等随机建模方法，以及随机反演方法。在此基础上，结合研究区建模的实际要求分析和初选了大庆宋芳屯油田芳2区块储层地质建模方法。
宋芳屯油田芳2区块包括1979年开辟的芳2实验区及其西侧的芳葡62-34—芳48-38断块，储层是一套夹持于巨厚的黑色泥岩当中的下白垩统姚家组一段的砂泥岩互层。沉积相分为三角洲分流平原相、三角洲内前缘相、三角洲外前缘相和滨浅湖四个亚相，分别分布在葡萄花油层的9个小层之上。在对研究区储层地质特征研究、地震资料精细解释和地震属性分析的基础上，以地震主频为协变量，在平面上建立了砂岩厚度分布模型和钻井成功率预测模型；根据储层沉积亚相纵向分布的成层性，以沉积亚相界面为层面，在地震资料储层顶面和断层解释数据的约束下，建立了三维储层结构模型；以三维储层结构模型为基础，建立了砂体骨架模型，采用二步法建模策略建立了三维孔隙度模型。通过对不同模型精度与有效性的分析，对芳葡62-34—芳48-38断块布井方案进行了认证，认为该断块砂岩和孔隙度发育，适宜布井，对四口钻井成功率预测值较低的开发设计井提出了缓钻意见。
研究表明结合地震资料实现多信息综合储层建模，能够提高储层地质模型的精度，有效地降低模型中的不确定性。
This dissertation has two purposes. The first is to build reservoir geological models for Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun oil field, based on the application of seismic data that is areally dense, and well-log data that provides good vertical resolution. The second is to study the technique details of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data, based on the study of reservoir geological modeling in Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun oi! field, So that the methods of reservoir geological modeling can be tested and some experience can be accumulated for Daqing oil field.
The reservoir geological modeling techniques integrated seismic and well-log data are the techniques and methods based on geostatistics and integrated seismic data to build reservoir geological model.
The purpose of advanced seismic inversion is similar with reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data. It also aims at building 3D model of reservoir lithology and physics character. But they have a lot of different points. Firstly, well-log data is main data in reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data, seismic data only makes restriction function, and seismic data is main in seismic inversion, well-log data only makes restriction function. Secondly, reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data not only includes deterministic modeling methods, but also includes stochastic modeling methods, and seismic inversion belongs to deterministic modeling domain. They also have some difference ir, modeling arithmetic and precision. Based on the introduce about research actuality and development direction of the reservoir geological modeling techniques, some problems are discussed for understanding the reservoir geological modeling techniques integrated seismic and well-log data, for example, the significance of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic data, the relation of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic data and generalized reservoir geological modeling, the feasibility of incorporating seismic data in reservoir models, the restriction function of seismic data, and the application domain of the reservoir geological modeling techniques integrated seismic and well-log data.
The method system of reservoir geological modeling integrated seismic and well-log data is built. It includes the matching methods of well-log and seismic data, the methods of seismic attribute extraction and effectiveness analysis, the methods of reservoir structure modeling, and the methods of reservoir property modeling. A new matching method of well-log and seismic data is presented so that two-dimensional distributed seismic attribute can be used in 3D reservoir geological modeling. It is named vertical equivalence method. The seismic attribute classification method based on the geological properties in reservoir geological modeling, seismic wave skewness and kurtosis conception, and the rules of seismic time window selection and attribute analysis are presented. A seismic attribute table is built for reservoir geological modeling in Daqing oil field. The seismic attribute vertical equivalence method used in well-log and seismic data matching is effective for thin reservoir geological modeling. It benefits to build 3D reservoir geological model with 2D seismic data. Some methods that can integrate seismic data to build reservoir geological model are introduced, for example, co-Kriging, collocated co-Kriging, Kriging with an external drift and bayes Kriging of deterministic modeling methods, sequential indicator collocated co-simulation, sequential
Gaussian co-simulation, sequential Gaussian collocated co-simulation and sequential Gaussian simulation with block Kriging of stochastic modeling methods, and stochastic inversion method. Based on the reservoir geological modeling fact request of the research area, the reservoir geological modeling methods are analyzed and selected for Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun oil field.
Fang 2 area of Daqing Songfangtun
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