叠前地震属性在储层预测及油气检测中的方法研究
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摘要
基于叠前地震属性在储层预测及油气预测中的应用日益广泛,本文选择现在发展较为成熟的AVO技术,研究叠前道集上地震反射振幅随炮检距的变化特征。充分挖掘和利用叠前地震记录中的非零偏移距地震信息,拾取叠前属性特征,为储层预测提供更加丰富、可靠的依据。
本文主要分为三部分,第一部分首先介绍AVO技术的基础理论及岩石物理学基础,为AVO正演及属性分析奠定坚实的理论基础,并构建理论模型做AVO正演模拟,讨论不同类型的AVO异常。以典型的理论模型的AVO响应做参考,在实际工区的关键井上分析储层的岩性、物性,建立储层岩石物理模型,进行流体替换研究,分析复杂地质条件下油、气、水的AVO特征,建立相应的AVO检测标志,在实际地震记录中直接识别岩性及油气。并进行了薄层叠前反射地震响应正演及分析,研究了薄层厚度对叠前属性的影响。第二部分是利用AVO及FVO属性分析技术,合理地提取隐藏在地震信息中的岩性参数,并优选出对储层有利的属性。对截距、梯度、泊松比、流体因子等叠前属性,通过交汇分析技术检测出含气异常区。第三部分是应用叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术,详细说明了反演的基本思路。结合实际工区的岩石物理分析结果,进行弹性阻抗建模和反演,分析不同岩性、物性、含油气性的地震响应特征,研究有效储层的分布。
本文以胜利油田某洼陷的叠前资料为例,应用本文的技术方法取得了一定的异常预测结果。这表明,本文的研究思路和分析方法对复杂地区的AVO分析研究有一定的积极意义。
Based on increasingly widespread applying pre-stack seismic attributes in reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon prediction, this paper chose AVO technology which has developed more maturely to study change characteristics of reflection amplitude versus offset on pre-stack seismic gathers. Fully digging and using the non-zero offset seismic information in pre-stack seismic records, and picking up pre-stack attribute characteristics provided more extensive and reliable basis for reservoir prediction.
This paper is divided into three parts. The first introduced the basic theory of AVO technology and rock physics basis which can provide solid theoretical basis for AVO forward modeling and attribute analysis. Then theoretical models were constructed and AVO forward modeling was did to discuss the different types of AVO anomalies. Referring to the AVO response of typical theoretical models we analyzed lithologic characters and physical properties of reservoirs in the key well in the actual work area, established rock physics model of reservoirs, studied fluid replacement, analyzed AVO characteristics of oil, gas and water in complex geological conditions, created the corresponding AVO detection signs, and directly identified lithology and oil and gas in actual seismic records. Moreover forward modeling and analysis of pre-stack reflection seismic response of thin-layer was carried out, and pre-stack attributes on the impact of the thin-layer thickness were studied. The second part is that using AVO attribute analysis techniques, lithologic parameters hidden in seismic information were extracted reasonably, and the attributes that be favorable for reservoirs were optimized out. For the pre-stack attributes such as intercept, gradient, Poisson's ratio and fluid factors, gas anomaly was detected by using cross plot analysis techniques. The last part is that the pre-stack elastic impedance inversion techniques were applied, and the basic idea of the inversion was described in detail. Combined with the rock physics analysis of the actual work area, modeling and the elastic impedance inversion were done. Seismic response characteristics of different lithology, physical properties, oil and gas were analyzed to look for effective reservoir distribution.
This paper took the pre-stack seismic data from some low-lying in Shengli Oilfield as an example, and application of technical methods of this article has made some abnormal predictions. This shows that the ideas and analysis methods of this research had some positive significance for applying AVO analysis to complex areas.
本文主要分为三部分,第一部分首先介绍AVO技术的基础理论及岩石物理学基础,为AVO正演及属性分析奠定坚实的理论基础,并构建理论模型做AVO正演模拟,讨论不同类型的AVO异常。以典型的理论模型的AVO响应做参考,在实际工区的关键井上分析储层的岩性、物性,建立储层岩石物理模型,进行流体替换研究,分析复杂地质条件下油、气、水的AVO特征,建立相应的AVO检测标志,在实际地震记录中直接识别岩性及油气。并进行了薄层叠前反射地震响应正演及分析,研究了薄层厚度对叠前属性的影响。第二部分是利用AVO及FVO属性分析技术,合理地提取隐藏在地震信息中的岩性参数,并优选出对储层有利的属性。对截距、梯度、泊松比、流体因子等叠前属性,通过交汇分析技术检测出含气异常区。第三部分是应用叠前弹性波阻抗反演技术,详细说明了反演的基本思路。结合实际工区的岩石物理分析结果,进行弹性阻抗建模和反演,分析不同岩性、物性、含油气性的地震响应特征,研究有效储层的分布。
本文以胜利油田某洼陷的叠前资料为例,应用本文的技术方法取得了一定的异常预测结果。这表明,本文的研究思路和分析方法对复杂地区的AVO分析研究有一定的积极意义。
Based on increasingly widespread applying pre-stack seismic attributes in reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon prediction, this paper chose AVO technology which has developed more maturely to study change characteristics of reflection amplitude versus offset on pre-stack seismic gathers. Fully digging and using the non-zero offset seismic information in pre-stack seismic records, and picking up pre-stack attribute characteristics provided more extensive and reliable basis for reservoir prediction.
This paper is divided into three parts. The first introduced the basic theory of AVO technology and rock physics basis which can provide solid theoretical basis for AVO forward modeling and attribute analysis. Then theoretical models were constructed and AVO forward modeling was did to discuss the different types of AVO anomalies. Referring to the AVO response of typical theoretical models we analyzed lithologic characters and physical properties of reservoirs in the key well in the actual work area, established rock physics model of reservoirs, studied fluid replacement, analyzed AVO characteristics of oil, gas and water in complex geological conditions, created the corresponding AVO detection signs, and directly identified lithology and oil and gas in actual seismic records. Moreover forward modeling and analysis of pre-stack reflection seismic response of thin-layer was carried out, and pre-stack attributes on the impact of the thin-layer thickness were studied. The second part is that using AVO attribute analysis techniques, lithologic parameters hidden in seismic information were extracted reasonably, and the attributes that be favorable for reservoirs were optimized out. For the pre-stack attributes such as intercept, gradient, Poisson's ratio and fluid factors, gas anomaly was detected by using cross plot analysis techniques. The last part is that the pre-stack elastic impedance inversion techniques were applied, and the basic idea of the inversion was described in detail. Combined with the rock physics analysis of the actual work area, modeling and the elastic impedance inversion were done. Seismic response characteristics of different lithology, physical properties, oil and gas were analyzed to look for effective reservoir distribution.
This paper took the pre-stack seismic data from some low-lying in Shengli Oilfield as an example, and application of technical methods of this article has made some abnormal predictions. This shows that the ideas and analysis methods of this research had some positive significance for applying AVO analysis to complex areas.
引文
Aki K and Richards P G.. Quantitative seismology: theory and methods. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. 1980
Avseth P., Mukerji T., and Mavko G.. Quantitative seismic interpretation– Applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005
Biot, M A.Theory of propatation of elastic waves in a fluid staturated porous solid.Acoust Sdc. Am., 1956,28:168～191
Castagna, J. P. and Swan H. W. Principle of AVO crossplotting, The Leading Edge, 1997,16:337～342
Chopra S, Pruden D. Multiattribute seismic annalysis on AVO-derived parameters[J]. TheLeading Edge, 2003,22(8):998～1002
Connolly P. Elastic impedance, The Leading Edge, 1999,18:438–452 Dvorkin J. P. and Mavko G.. Modeling attenuation in reservoir and non～reservoir rock, The Leading Edge, 2006,25:194～197
Han Dehua, Nur A, Morgan D.Effects of porosity and clay content on wave velocities in sandstones .Geophysics, 1986,51:2093～2107
Hilterman F. J. Seismic amplitude interpretation, The Society of Exploration Geophysicists. 2001 Ostrander W J. Plane～wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence. Geophysics, 1984, 49(6): 1637~1648
Ostrander W J. Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence[J]. Geophysics, 1984, 49(6): 1637~1648
Ross Christopher P. Effective AVO crossplot modeling: A tutorial[J]. Geophysics, 2000,65(3):700～711
Shuey R.T. A simplification of the Zoeppritz Equations, Geophysics, 1985,50: 609～614.
贝智敏,周英,席敏红. AVO属性工作站处理及解释.海洋石油,2001,3
陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.层状介质AVO叠前反演.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):626～662
陈习峰,张海洋.应用AVO属性识别含油砂体.小型油气藏,2005,10(1):20～23
程冰洁、张玉芬. AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用.物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1):89～93
冯亮.基于地震AVO属性的储层流体预测:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2008
何诚,蔡友洪,李邗,等. AVO属性交会图解释技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.天然气地球科学,2008,19(3):316～319
何樵登等.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986
李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略.石油地物理勘探,1998,33(4):423～438
李艳玲. AVO叠前反演技术研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):103～105
马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报2003,46(1):118～124
容娇君.弹性AVO反演. [硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2008
宋宗平.应用AVO属性数据进行波阻抗反演处理.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):465～467
孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽. PP波AVO多属性交会图分析.天然气工业, 2004,24(2):44～47
孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽. P～P波AVO近似对比研究:定量分析.石油地球物理勘探, 2002,37(4):172～179
王家映著.地球物理反演理论.第一版.北京:中国地质大学出版社, 1998
王玉,苗永康,孟宪军,等.岩石物理横波速度曲线计算技术.油气地质与采收率,2006,13(4):58～61
王云专,李素华,朱伦等.基于AVO正演模拟的泊松比反演.大庆石油学院学报,2006, 30(1): 7～15
王云专,杨立伟,李素华.剩余时差校正及泊松比反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):214～218
王之敬,王炳章.地震岩石物理学基本准则[J].石油物探译丛,2001,4:1～20
谢里夫R E,吉尔达特L P.勘探地震学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社,1999
熊定钰,钱忠平,赵波.拟合AVO属性反演.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):646～651
杨立伟. AVO属性分析:[硕士学位论文].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007
杨绍国,周熙襄.多波多层数据反演.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(6):695～705
杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社, 1997
姚姚,詹正彬,钱绍湖.地震勘探新技术与新方法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1991
殷八斤,曾灏,等. AVO技术的理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
张宝金,成谷,王云专等.去噪强度,去噪效率与振幅保真.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):1～5
张扬.利用Xu-White模型估算地震波速度[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(2):188～194
张玉华.基于岩石物理的AVO正演模拟研究:[硕士学位论文].中国石油大学(华东),2007
郑晓东. Zoeppritz方程的近似及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(2):129～134
邹才能张颖,等.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
Avseth P., Mukerji T., and Mavko G.. Quantitative seismic interpretation– Applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005
Biot, M A.Theory of propatation of elastic waves in a fluid staturated porous solid.Acoust Sdc. Am., 1956,28:168～191
Castagna, J. P. and Swan H. W. Principle of AVO crossplotting, The Leading Edge, 1997,16:337～342
Chopra S, Pruden D. Multiattribute seismic annalysis on AVO-derived parameters[J]. TheLeading Edge, 2003,22(8):998～1002
Connolly P. Elastic impedance, The Leading Edge, 1999,18:438–452 Dvorkin J. P. and Mavko G.. Modeling attenuation in reservoir and non～reservoir rock, The Leading Edge, 2006,25:194～197
Han Dehua, Nur A, Morgan D.Effects of porosity and clay content on wave velocities in sandstones .Geophysics, 1986,51:2093～2107
Hilterman F. J. Seismic amplitude interpretation, The Society of Exploration Geophysicists. 2001 Ostrander W J. Plane～wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence. Geophysics, 1984, 49(6): 1637~1648
Ostrander W J. Plane-wave reflection coefficients for gas sands at nonnormal angles of incidence[J]. Geophysics, 1984, 49(6): 1637~1648
Ross Christopher P. Effective AVO crossplot modeling: A tutorial[J]. Geophysics, 2000,65(3):700～711
Shuey R.T. A simplification of the Zoeppritz Equations, Geophysics, 1985,50: 609～614.
贝智敏,周英,席敏红. AVO属性工作站处理及解释.海洋石油,2001,3
陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.层状介质AVO叠前反演.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):626～662
陈习峰,张海洋.应用AVO属性识别含油砂体.小型油气藏,2005,10(1):20～23
程冰洁、张玉芬. AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用.物探化探计算技术,2003,25(1):89～93
冯亮.基于地震AVO属性的储层流体预测:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2008
何诚,蔡友洪,李邗,等. AVO属性交会图解释技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用.天然气地球科学,2008,19(3):316～319
何樵登等.地震勘探原理和方法.北京:地质出版社,1986
李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略.石油地物理勘探,1998,33(4):423～438
李艳玲. AVO叠前反演技术研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):103～105
马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报2003,46(1):118～124
容娇君.弹性AVO反演. [硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2008
宋宗平.应用AVO属性数据进行波阻抗反演处理.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):465～467
孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽. PP波AVO多属性交会图分析.天然气工业, 2004,24(2):44～47
孙鹏远,孙建国,卢秀丽. P～P波AVO近似对比研究:定量分析.石油地球物理勘探, 2002,37(4):172～179
王家映著.地球物理反演理论.第一版.北京:中国地质大学出版社, 1998
王玉,苗永康,孟宪军,等.岩石物理横波速度曲线计算技术.油气地质与采收率,2006,13(4):58～61
王云专,李素华,朱伦等.基于AVO正演模拟的泊松比反演.大庆石油学院学报,2006, 30(1): 7～15
王云专,杨立伟,李素华.剩余时差校正及泊松比反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):214～218
王之敬,王炳章.地震岩石物理学基本准则[J].石油物探译丛,2001,4:1～20
谢里夫R E,吉尔达特L P.勘探地震学(第二版).北京:石油工业出版社,1999
熊定钰,钱忠平,赵波.拟合AVO属性反演.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):646～651
杨立伟. AVO属性分析:[硕士学位论文].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007
杨绍国,周熙襄.多波多层数据反演.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(6):695～705
杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社, 1997
姚姚,詹正彬,钱绍湖.地震勘探新技术与新方法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1991
殷八斤,曾灏,等. AVO技术的理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社,1995
张宝金,成谷,王云专等.去噪强度,去噪效率与振幅保真.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):1～5
张扬.利用Xu-White模型估算地震波速度[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(2):188～194
张玉华.基于岩石物理的AVO正演模拟研究:[硕士学位论文].中国石油大学(华东),2007
郑晓东. Zoeppritz方程的近似及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,1991,26(2):129～134
邹才能张颖,等.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2003