砂泥岩地层岩石声学实验及研究
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摘要
岩石物理学主要是研究在地下高温高压特殊的环境下岩石所表现的基本性质和运动的普遍形式。它作为连接地震数据与油藏特性和参数之间的桥梁,近些年来发挥了重要作用,如4D地震油藏监测,地震储层岩性预测,以及“亮点”和反射系数随入射角变化的分析等油气直接检测技术等。
随着现今油气勘探力度的加大,所面临的研究对象及亟待解决的地质问题愈来愈复杂,针对多勘探区的多复杂地质特征,应从基础性的岩石物理实验出发,研究各弹性参数的变化规律与理论机制模型,从而能更好地认识复杂储层的规律,进一步有效地指导储层预测与孔隙流体的识别。
岩石物理学的研究方法主要是实验方法,而声学实验研究是岩石物理学的重点内容。本论文主要依托由中国地质大学(北京)与北京大学合作的科研项目《WXS凹陷岩石物理参数实验及研究》和“斯伦贝谢大学生课外科技研究计划”重点项目(SLBX0908),针对WXS凹陷储层开展了岩石声学实验研究。通过模拟高温高压条件下岩石声学实验,获取岩样的孔隙度、渗透率和密度的基本物性数据,以及饱气样、饱水样与饱油样的纵横波速度和岩石薄片鉴定报告的基础性资料。从而建立岩性、物性、含流体性与弹性参数的关系,同时针对不同的弹性参数进行储层与流体敏感性的效果分析,优选出对研究区储层、流体敏感性参数。
通过对研究区的实验研究,取得的成果与认识主要有:(1)研究区中饱气、饱水、饱油(石脑油,ρo=0.691g/cm~3)岩样纵、横波速度的总体规律是:岩样在饱水、饱油、饱气三种状态下V_(pw)>V_(po)>V_(pg);三者的横波速度差别不大。实测纵横波速度与Biot-Gassmann理论计算结果相符。(2)通过实验物性数据分析,建立了波速与物性参数之间的经验关系模型,同时也建立了研究区的纵横波速度的经验关系模型,进一步开展叠前地震弹性参数反演及利用V_p预测V_s提供了依据。(3)通过对不同层段的孔隙流体敏感性分析,提出了储层流体检测的敏感参数优选建议:各层段气水敏感弹性参数7个,分别为:F、σ_(HSFIF)、λ_ρ、λ、σ、Kρ和K ;油水敏感弹性参数包括4个,依次为:F、σ_(HSFIF)、λρ和λ。实验与测井资料得出的敏感参数的结果进行了对比,认为是可靠的。
研究获得的创新性成果主要有:在国内首次开展的变油密度变饱和度实验研究中,发现低密度油实验结果符合Biot-Gassmann理论,高密度油的结果在中、低孔隙度时与Biot-Gassmann理论预测不符。
Rock physics research mainly the fundamental nature and the general form of movements in the ground under high temperature and high pressure. As a bridge linked seismic data and reservoir characteristics and parameters, it has played an important role, such as 4D seismic reservoir monitoring, reservoir lithology prediction of seismic and the direct detection technologies of oil and gas that include "bright spots" and analysis of the change of the reflection coefficient with the change of angle of incidence, etc..
With the increase of the intensity of the current oil and gas exploration, these facing research objects and geological problems that are demanding solution have become more complicated. For many exploration areas with complex geological features, we should base on the basic rock physics experiments, and then study change laws of elastic parameters and theoretical mechanism models, so these ways can be better to recognize laws of complex reservoir and can further guide effectively reservoir prediction and pore fluid identification.
Rock physics research methods are mainly experimental methods, and the acoustic experimental research is the focus content of rock physics. In this text, based on a Key Project of Students Extra-curricular Science and Technology Research Program of Schlumberger (Grant No. SLBX0908) and a cooperative research project between China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University, which is called rock physics parameters experiment and research in WXS Depression, acoustic experimental study on WXS Depression reservoir has been done. The high temperature and pressure conditions in rock acoustic experiments are simulated, the basic properties data of core samples is obtained, including porosity, permeability, density, wave velocities of samples saturated with gas, water and oil and the report of rock thin identification. Therefore, the relationships between parameters and lithology, physical properties and fluid properties are built, meanwhile, the effect of sensitivity including reservoirs sensitivity and fluid sensitivity is analyzed, both fluid sensitivity parameters and reservoirs sensitivity parameters in the study area are elected.
The following cognitions and conclusions are obtained through experimental study on the study area. (1) The general law of wave velocity of samples saturated with gas, water and oil is as follows: V_(pw)>V_(po)>V_(pg); the values of their S wave velocity are nearly equal. The measured wave velocity is consistent with theoretical calculation wave velocity of Biot-Gassmann theory. (2) Through the experimental material data analysis, the empirical relationship models between wave velocity and physical parameters are gained, while the empirical relationship model between P wave velocity and S wave velocity is built, these results provide a basis for the further pre-stack seismic inversion of elastic parameters and the prediction of Vs by the use of V_p. (3) Through the pore fluid sensitivity analysis of different strata, optimization recommendations of the reservoir fluid sensitivity parameters are proposed. In stratums, the number of sensitivity elastic parameters on gas-water is 7, including F,σ_(HSFIF),λρ,λ,σ, Kρand K ; while the number of sensitivity elastic parameters on oil-water is 4, including F,σ_(HSFIF),λρandλ. Compared the experimental results of fluid sensitivity with the logging results of fluid sensitivity, we believe these are reliable.
The main innovative results of this research are as follows. In the first undertaken experimental study of velocity on different oil density saturated samples, we can draw a conclusion that experimental results with samples saturated light oil are content with Biot-Gassmann theory and the experimental results with low-medium porosity samples saturated heavy oil are inconsistent with Biot-Gassmann theory.
随着现今油气勘探力度的加大,所面临的研究对象及亟待解决的地质问题愈来愈复杂,针对多勘探区的多复杂地质特征,应从基础性的岩石物理实验出发,研究各弹性参数的变化规律与理论机制模型,从而能更好地认识复杂储层的规律,进一步有效地指导储层预测与孔隙流体的识别。
岩石物理学的研究方法主要是实验方法,而声学实验研究是岩石物理学的重点内容。本论文主要依托由中国地质大学(北京)与北京大学合作的科研项目《WXS凹陷岩石物理参数实验及研究》和“斯伦贝谢大学生课外科技研究计划”重点项目(SLBX0908),针对WXS凹陷储层开展了岩石声学实验研究。通过模拟高温高压条件下岩石声学实验,获取岩样的孔隙度、渗透率和密度的基本物性数据,以及饱气样、饱水样与饱油样的纵横波速度和岩石薄片鉴定报告的基础性资料。从而建立岩性、物性、含流体性与弹性参数的关系,同时针对不同的弹性参数进行储层与流体敏感性的效果分析,优选出对研究区储层、流体敏感性参数。
通过对研究区的实验研究,取得的成果与认识主要有:(1)研究区中饱气、饱水、饱油(石脑油,ρo=0.691g/cm~3)岩样纵、横波速度的总体规律是:岩样在饱水、饱油、饱气三种状态下V_(pw)>V_(po)>V_(pg);三者的横波速度差别不大。实测纵横波速度与Biot-Gassmann理论计算结果相符。(2)通过实验物性数据分析,建立了波速与物性参数之间的经验关系模型,同时也建立了研究区的纵横波速度的经验关系模型,进一步开展叠前地震弹性参数反演及利用V_p预测V_s提供了依据。(3)通过对不同层段的孔隙流体敏感性分析,提出了储层流体检测的敏感参数优选建议:各层段气水敏感弹性参数7个,分别为:F、σ_(HSFIF)、λ_ρ、λ、σ、Kρ和K ;油水敏感弹性参数包括4个,依次为:F、σ_(HSFIF)、λρ和λ。实验与测井资料得出的敏感参数的结果进行了对比,认为是可靠的。
研究获得的创新性成果主要有:在国内首次开展的变油密度变饱和度实验研究中,发现低密度油实验结果符合Biot-Gassmann理论,高密度油的结果在中、低孔隙度时与Biot-Gassmann理论预测不符。
Rock physics research mainly the fundamental nature and the general form of movements in the ground under high temperature and high pressure. As a bridge linked seismic data and reservoir characteristics and parameters, it has played an important role, such as 4D seismic reservoir monitoring, reservoir lithology prediction of seismic and the direct detection technologies of oil and gas that include "bright spots" and analysis of the change of the reflection coefficient with the change of angle of incidence, etc..
With the increase of the intensity of the current oil and gas exploration, these facing research objects and geological problems that are demanding solution have become more complicated. For many exploration areas with complex geological features, we should base on the basic rock physics experiments, and then study change laws of elastic parameters and theoretical mechanism models, so these ways can be better to recognize laws of complex reservoir and can further guide effectively reservoir prediction and pore fluid identification.
Rock physics research methods are mainly experimental methods, and the acoustic experimental research is the focus content of rock physics. In this text, based on a Key Project of Students Extra-curricular Science and Technology Research Program of Schlumberger (Grant No. SLBX0908) and a cooperative research project between China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University, which is called rock physics parameters experiment and research in WXS Depression, acoustic experimental study on WXS Depression reservoir has been done. The high temperature and pressure conditions in rock acoustic experiments are simulated, the basic properties data of core samples is obtained, including porosity, permeability, density, wave velocities of samples saturated with gas, water and oil and the report of rock thin identification. Therefore, the relationships between parameters and lithology, physical properties and fluid properties are built, meanwhile, the effect of sensitivity including reservoirs sensitivity and fluid sensitivity is analyzed, both fluid sensitivity parameters and reservoirs sensitivity parameters in the study area are elected.
The following cognitions and conclusions are obtained through experimental study on the study area. (1) The general law of wave velocity of samples saturated with gas, water and oil is as follows: V_(pw)>V_(po)>V_(pg); the values of their S wave velocity are nearly equal. The measured wave velocity is consistent with theoretical calculation wave velocity of Biot-Gassmann theory. (2) Through the experimental material data analysis, the empirical relationship models between wave velocity and physical parameters are gained, while the empirical relationship model between P wave velocity and S wave velocity is built, these results provide a basis for the further pre-stack seismic inversion of elastic parameters and the prediction of Vs by the use of V_p. (3) Through the pore fluid sensitivity analysis of different strata, optimization recommendations of the reservoir fluid sensitivity parameters are proposed. In stratums, the number of sensitivity elastic parameters on gas-water is 7, including F,σ_(HSFIF),λρ,λ,σ, Kρand K ; while the number of sensitivity elastic parameters on oil-water is 4, including F,σ_(HSFIF),λρandλ. Compared the experimental results of fluid sensitivity with the logging results of fluid sensitivity, we believe these are reliable.
The main innovative results of this research are as follows. In the first undertaken experimental study of velocity on different oil density saturated samples, we can draw a conclusion that experimental results with samples saturated light oil are content with Biot-Gassmann theory and the experimental results with low-medium porosity samples saturated heavy oil are inconsistent with Biot-Gassmann theory.
引文
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