云和寨气田石炭系沉积相与储层特征研究
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摘要
云和寨气田是川东地区众多北北东向高陡构造带下的一个潜伏含气构造,是具有优越圈闭条件的断层—背斜复合型油气田。本论文在前人的研究成果基础之上,以碳酸盐岩沉积学、测井地质学和储层地质学为理论指导,采用宏微观相结合的研究方法,充分利用岩芯、录井、测井、物性、生产动态资料和薄片镜下鉴定分析手段,展开石炭系碳酸盐岩储集岩的沉积相和储层特征研究。
川东地区石炭系黄龙组发育C_2hl~1、C_2hl~2和C_2hl~3三套地层,因石炭纪末期发生的构造抬升运动—云南运动,使得研究区云和寨构造普遍缺失C_2hl~3。通过地层的划分与对比研究发现,石炭系横向上分布连续,厚度较稳定。沉积相的划分对比,主要借鉴了前人针对川东地区提出的“咸化泻湖湖平面升降碳酸盐岩沉积模式”,结合区域沉积背景,运用传统的沉积学标志、古生物标志和测井相标志来共同判断研究区的沉积相和微相类型。研究区共识别出两种沉积体系,以发育局限台地沉积环境中的蒸发泻湖沉积亚相为主,在黄龙组底部为蒸发膏湖沉积,具体可划分出5种沉积微相类型。深入分析了不同时期的沉积相平面展布特征,显示C_2hl~2段沉积微相类型丰富,浅滩微相较发育。
储层特征研究是本论文的另一重要内容。研究表明,云和寨石炭系属于裂缝—孔隙型储层,岩性主要为晶粒云岩和角砾云岩,孔隙类型以晶间孔及溶蚀孔为主,储层物性较差,非均质性强,具有低—中孔、低渗和低-中含水饱和度的特征。利用裂缝的测井响应特征对研究区的裂缝特征进行了精细描述以及裂缝参数计算,结果显示裂缝孔隙度较低,对储层的贡献主要表现为渗滤条件的改善,南区以发育网状缝为特征,北区主要为高角度缝。储层主要分布在C_2hl~2段中,发育Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层,其中,Ⅰ+Ⅱ类储层构成了石炭系黄龙组的优质储层,呈薄层状零星间夹于Ⅲ类储层中。储渗单元划分结果显示本区主要为低渗和特低渗储层,仅南区云和1～云和2井区为中-高渗区。储层发育受沉积相、成岩作用和构造作用的综合控制,沉积相中的浅滩微相,成岩作用中的白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶作用以及构造运动过程中(尤其是第四纪时期的喜马拉雅山运动)产生的大量半充填/无充填裂缝是形成有利储层的重要原因。
综合研究认为:云和1井和云和2井之间区域、云和11井区域为整个构造南区储层发育的有利区域,北区也有较大的开采空间,云和3井附近区域可作为下一步的勘探目标。
There are many NNE steep structural belts in east area of Sichuan,Yunhezhai is a buried gaseous structure among them,which is a fault- anticline complex gasfield with excellent trap conditions.In order to study the sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of Carboniferous carbonate reservoir in depth,the essay is based on previous research achievements,take the carbonate sedimentology, logging and reservoir geology as a theories guidance,adopt a combination research method of micro-macro,and make full use of various datum containing core,well logging,physical property,production performance, thin section identification and analysis,and so on.
In Late Carboniferous period,Yunnan event happened,a tectonic uplift movement, which made a denudationon on the top level of Huanglong group in Carboniferous , and resulted in a missing of 3rd member in Yunhezhai structure.Through the study of stratigraphic classification and correlation,it shows that Carboniferous distributes continuous and its thickness is stable in the horizontal.Quoting“carbonate sedimentary model of surface of the lake fluctuate in the salted lagoon”,which is proposed by predecessors for the eastern Sichuan especially,combining with regional sedimentary,taking the traditional petrological character , paleontologic evidence and electrofacies analysis to identify the sedimentary facies and microfacies.The study area develop two main depositional systems of restricted platform and evaporitic platform,which are composed by 5 types of microfacies,the evaporitic lagoon subfacies developed in the previous facies is most important and widespread,and the latter facies only occur in the bottom of Huanglong group.The character of the plane distribution of sedimentary facies in different periods indicate that abundant microfacies types and shallow is developed in 2nd member of Huanglong group.
Besides sedimentary facies,characteristics of the reservoir is another important part of this paper.The results show that Carboniferous is fractured–porous type reservoir,crystallite dolomite and dolomite breccia are the main rock types in this area,both intercrystal pore and emposieu are well-developed.Generally speaking,the reservoir has poor properties and strong heterogeneity, specifically expressed in a low - medium porosity, low permeability and low -medium water saturation.There are a lot of fracture found in the drilling core,taking advantage of log response,the fracture is described in detail,and parameters about it are quantitative calculated.Fracture has a great effect on improving permeability,while little to change the reservoir capacity.Mesh fracture develop in the south of Yunhezhai structure,and high angle fracture in the north.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲtype reservoir are found in Huanglong group,especially in the 2nd member of it.Ⅰ+Ⅱtype reservoir distribute amongⅢtype reservoir thinly laminated and odd,which are considered the best reservoir of Huanglong group.Speaking from permeability,low and extremely low permeability type reservoir are widespread,except the southern area,which show a medium-high permeability.Through a detailed analysis,it suggest that reservoir is integrated controlled by sedimentary facies, diagenesis and tectonic action,Favorable reservoir always developed in such an environment : shallow microfacies ,dolomitization,dissolution,recrystallization diagenesis and fractures with half filled or not filled developed,which are generated by tectonic movemen(tespecially Himalayan orogeny),all of the above conditions are very benefit to form favorable reservoir.
It is Comprehensive considered that the favorable reservoir of Yunhezhai structure is distributed mainly in the area between well Yunhe 1 and well Yunhe2,and the area around well Yunhe 11.However,there is still great exploration potential in the northern part,and the region in the vicinity of well Yunhe 3 is preferred to be the next prospect area.
川东地区石炭系黄龙组发育C_2hl~1、C_2hl~2和C_2hl~3三套地层,因石炭纪末期发生的构造抬升运动—云南运动,使得研究区云和寨构造普遍缺失C_2hl~3。通过地层的划分与对比研究发现,石炭系横向上分布连续,厚度较稳定。沉积相的划分对比,主要借鉴了前人针对川东地区提出的“咸化泻湖湖平面升降碳酸盐岩沉积模式”,结合区域沉积背景,运用传统的沉积学标志、古生物标志和测井相标志来共同判断研究区的沉积相和微相类型。研究区共识别出两种沉积体系,以发育局限台地沉积环境中的蒸发泻湖沉积亚相为主,在黄龙组底部为蒸发膏湖沉积,具体可划分出5种沉积微相类型。深入分析了不同时期的沉积相平面展布特征,显示C_2hl~2段沉积微相类型丰富,浅滩微相较发育。
储层特征研究是本论文的另一重要内容。研究表明,云和寨石炭系属于裂缝—孔隙型储层,岩性主要为晶粒云岩和角砾云岩,孔隙类型以晶间孔及溶蚀孔为主,储层物性较差,非均质性强,具有低—中孔、低渗和低-中含水饱和度的特征。利用裂缝的测井响应特征对研究区的裂缝特征进行了精细描述以及裂缝参数计算,结果显示裂缝孔隙度较低,对储层的贡献主要表现为渗滤条件的改善,南区以发育网状缝为特征,北区主要为高角度缝。储层主要分布在C_2hl~2段中,发育Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层,其中,Ⅰ+Ⅱ类储层构成了石炭系黄龙组的优质储层,呈薄层状零星间夹于Ⅲ类储层中。储渗单元划分结果显示本区主要为低渗和特低渗储层,仅南区云和1～云和2井区为中-高渗区。储层发育受沉积相、成岩作用和构造作用的综合控制,沉积相中的浅滩微相,成岩作用中的白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶作用以及构造运动过程中(尤其是第四纪时期的喜马拉雅山运动)产生的大量半充填/无充填裂缝是形成有利储层的重要原因。
综合研究认为:云和1井和云和2井之间区域、云和11井区域为整个构造南区储层发育的有利区域,北区也有较大的开采空间,云和3井附近区域可作为下一步的勘探目标。
There are many NNE steep structural belts in east area of Sichuan,Yunhezhai is a buried gaseous structure among them,which is a fault- anticline complex gasfield with excellent trap conditions.In order to study the sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics of Carboniferous carbonate reservoir in depth,the essay is based on previous research achievements,take the carbonate sedimentology, logging and reservoir geology as a theories guidance,adopt a combination research method of micro-macro,and make full use of various datum containing core,well logging,physical property,production performance, thin section identification and analysis,and so on.
In Late Carboniferous period,Yunnan event happened,a tectonic uplift movement, which made a denudationon on the top level of Huanglong group in Carboniferous , and resulted in a missing of 3rd member in Yunhezhai structure.Through the study of stratigraphic classification and correlation,it shows that Carboniferous distributes continuous and its thickness is stable in the horizontal.Quoting“carbonate sedimentary model of surface of the lake fluctuate in the salted lagoon”,which is proposed by predecessors for the eastern Sichuan especially,combining with regional sedimentary,taking the traditional petrological character , paleontologic evidence and electrofacies analysis to identify the sedimentary facies and microfacies.The study area develop two main depositional systems of restricted platform and evaporitic platform,which are composed by 5 types of microfacies,the evaporitic lagoon subfacies developed in the previous facies is most important and widespread,and the latter facies only occur in the bottom of Huanglong group.The character of the plane distribution of sedimentary facies in different periods indicate that abundant microfacies types and shallow is developed in 2nd member of Huanglong group.
Besides sedimentary facies,characteristics of the reservoir is another important part of this paper.The results show that Carboniferous is fractured–porous type reservoir,crystallite dolomite and dolomite breccia are the main rock types in this area,both intercrystal pore and emposieu are well-developed.Generally speaking,the reservoir has poor properties and strong heterogeneity, specifically expressed in a low - medium porosity, low permeability and low -medium water saturation.There are a lot of fracture found in the drilling core,taking advantage of log response,the fracture is described in detail,and parameters about it are quantitative calculated.Fracture has a great effect on improving permeability,while little to change the reservoir capacity.Mesh fracture develop in the south of Yunhezhai structure,and high angle fracture in the north.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲtype reservoir are found in Huanglong group,especially in the 2nd member of it.Ⅰ+Ⅱtype reservoir distribute amongⅢtype reservoir thinly laminated and odd,which are considered the best reservoir of Huanglong group.Speaking from permeability,low and extremely low permeability type reservoir are widespread,except the southern area,which show a medium-high permeability.Through a detailed analysis,it suggest that reservoir is integrated controlled by sedimentary facies, diagenesis and tectonic action,Favorable reservoir always developed in such an environment : shallow microfacies ,dolomitization,dissolution,recrystallization diagenesis and fractures with half filled or not filled developed,which are generated by tectonic movemen(tespecially Himalayan orogeny),all of the above conditions are very benefit to form favorable reservoir.
It is Comprehensive considered that the favorable reservoir of Yunhezhai structure is distributed mainly in the area between well Yunhe 1 and well Yunhe2,and the area around well Yunhe 11.However,there is still great exploration potential in the northern part,and the region in the vicinity of well Yunhe 3 is preferred to be the next prospect area.
引文
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