生物法去除H_2S高效菌的筛选及胞外聚合物和生物量的研究
摘要
恶臭气体给人们的生活带来了越来越多的问题,使其已经成为一个严重的社会问题和环境问题。生物法去除恶臭气体是从20世纪50年代中期发展起来的,该法具有去除效率高、处理装置简单、处理成本低廉、运行维护容易、可避免二次污染等优点。本文以H_2S气体为研究对象,采用生物滴滤法去除该气体,并对该系统内的生物膜进行相关研究。
首先,对糖厂附近的污泥进行了驯化培养,并进行了菌株的纯化分离,分离出L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6六种不同的菌株,对这六种菌株进行了降解试验,发现菌株L2的去除效果是其中比较好的,而且用时是最短的。所以,选取菌株L2,并对其的适宜生长环境进行深入的实验研究,发现该菌在温度为20℃～35℃、pH值为6.0～7.0时的生长繁殖情况是最好的。然后采用纯菌株L2进行生物滴滤塔的挂膜实验。在该反应系统中,填料选用具有空隙大、表面积大的陶粒载体,并采用气液逆流的方式进行系统内生物膜的培养。实验结果表明,在停留时间为70s时,可以处理浓度为1200mg/m~3的H_2S气体,去除效率可以达到87%。
其次,在系统稳定之后,通过对比提取生物膜的物理方法和化学方法后,确定采用超声波法来提取反应系统中陶粒上的生物膜,并对超声实验的环境条件进行了研究,发现在超声时间为25min时的提取效果是最好的。另外,在本实验中,采用胞外多聚糖来代替EPS,所以,确定采用苯酚硫酸法来测定胞外多聚糖,并对该方法的可靠性进行实验研究,实验表明,该方法的稳定性、精密度、重现性、回收率都是比较好的。然后在不同的外界环境条件如温度、pH值、不同填料层高度下,测定不同H_2S进气浓度时的多聚糖含量,发现多聚糖在温度为20℃～30℃、pH值为6.0～7.0时生长状态是最好的,上层填料的多聚糖含量比下层的多以及多聚糖与去除率之间具有良好的相关性,说明多聚糖对H_2S气体具有吸附作用。
最后,采用磷脂比色法测定生物膜中的活性生物量,并在不同的H_2S进气浓度、不同填料层高度处对生物量进行了测定,结果发现上层塔比下层塔的生物量多,生物量与多聚糖以及生物量与去除率之间都也具有较好的相关性。
Stench brought about an increasing number of problems to people's lives,it has become a serious social problems and environmental issues.Biological methods removing the gas of the stench have developed from the mid-20th century,which have some advantages,such as high removal efficiency,simple treatment plant,low-cost,the easy operation and maintenance,avoiding secondary pollution and so on.In this paper, it removed H_2S to use the biological filter,and researched the biofilm of this system.
First,the sludge from the sugar factory had been domesticated,and isolated six different bacteria which were designated L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6.These bacteria had a degradation experiment,which found that the removing effect of bacteria L2 is the best in the shortest possible time.So,the bacteria L2 had been researched in different growing environment,the experiment showed that the growth of the bacteria at 20℃～35℃,pH 6.0～7.0 is the best.And the bacteria L2 had been used the bio-trickling reactor.In this reaction system,the packing were ceramisites which have a big porosity and surface area,and this system had used a gas-liquid counter-current culture.The experimental results showed that in the residence time of 70s,this system could deal with H_2S gas of 1200mg/m~3 concentration,and the removal efficiency could reach to 87%.
Secondly,After the stability of the system,selected the ultrasonic method to extract the biofilm of the reaction system on the ceramisites by comparing physical methods and chemical methods,and the experimental results showed that the ultrasound time of the best extraction was 25min.In addition,in this experiment,extracellular polysaccharides were used to replace the EPS,therefore,it determine extracellular polysaccharides to use the phenol sulfuric acid method,and the reliability of the method was researched,the results showed that the stability,the precision,the reproducibility, the recovery of the method was relatively good.And then,in different environmental conditions such as temperature,pH,different fill height,different the inlet concentration of H_2S,the polysaccharides were determined,experimental results showed that the growth of the polysaccharides was the best at 20℃～30℃,pH 6.0～7.0,the polysaccharides were more the upper fill than the lower fill,and the relation between the polysaccharides and the removal rate had the good correlation,it illustrated the polysaccharides had an adsorption to H_2S.
Finally,it determined the activity of biofilm biomass to use the Colorimetric phospholipid method,and the biomass in different inlet H2S concentration,different packing layer height were measured,the results showed that the biomass of the upper tower were more than the lower,and the relation between the biomass and the removal rate were good correlation as well as the relation between the biomass and the polysaccharides.
首先,对糖厂附近的污泥进行了驯化培养,并进行了菌株的纯化分离,分离出L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、L6六种不同的菌株,对这六种菌株进行了降解试验,发现菌株L2的去除效果是其中比较好的,而且用时是最短的。所以,选取菌株L2,并对其的适宜生长环境进行深入的实验研究,发现该菌在温度为20℃～35℃、pH值为6.0～7.0时的生长繁殖情况是最好的。然后采用纯菌株L2进行生物滴滤塔的挂膜实验。在该反应系统中,填料选用具有空隙大、表面积大的陶粒载体,并采用气液逆流的方式进行系统内生物膜的培养。实验结果表明,在停留时间为70s时,可以处理浓度为1200mg/m~3的H_2S气体,去除效率可以达到87%。
其次,在系统稳定之后,通过对比提取生物膜的物理方法和化学方法后,确定采用超声波法来提取反应系统中陶粒上的生物膜,并对超声实验的环境条件进行了研究,发现在超声时间为25min时的提取效果是最好的。另外,在本实验中,采用胞外多聚糖来代替EPS,所以,确定采用苯酚硫酸法来测定胞外多聚糖,并对该方法的可靠性进行实验研究,实验表明,该方法的稳定性、精密度、重现性、回收率都是比较好的。然后在不同的外界环境条件如温度、pH值、不同填料层高度下,测定不同H_2S进气浓度时的多聚糖含量,发现多聚糖在温度为20℃～30℃、pH值为6.0～7.0时生长状态是最好的,上层填料的多聚糖含量比下层的多以及多聚糖与去除率之间具有良好的相关性,说明多聚糖对H_2S气体具有吸附作用。
最后,采用磷脂比色法测定生物膜中的活性生物量,并在不同的H_2S进气浓度、不同填料层高度处对生物量进行了测定,结果发现上层塔比下层塔的生物量多,生物量与多聚糖以及生物量与去除率之间都也具有较好的相关性。
Stench brought about an increasing number of problems to people's lives,it has become a serious social problems and environmental issues.Biological methods removing the gas of the stench have developed from the mid-20th century,which have some advantages,such as high removal efficiency,simple treatment plant,low-cost,the easy operation and maintenance,avoiding secondary pollution and so on.In this paper, it removed H_2S to use the biological filter,and researched the biofilm of this system.
First,the sludge from the sugar factory had been domesticated,and isolated six different bacteria which were designated L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6.These bacteria had a degradation experiment,which found that the removing effect of bacteria L2 is the best in the shortest possible time.So,the bacteria L2 had been researched in different growing environment,the experiment showed that the growth of the bacteria at 20℃～35℃,pH 6.0～7.0 is the best.And the bacteria L2 had been used the bio-trickling reactor.In this reaction system,the packing were ceramisites which have a big porosity and surface area,and this system had used a gas-liquid counter-current culture.The experimental results showed that in the residence time of 70s,this system could deal with H_2S gas of 1200mg/m~3 concentration,and the removal efficiency could reach to 87%.
Secondly,After the stability of the system,selected the ultrasonic method to extract the biofilm of the reaction system on the ceramisites by comparing physical methods and chemical methods,and the experimental results showed that the ultrasound time of the best extraction was 25min.In addition,in this experiment,extracellular polysaccharides were used to replace the EPS,therefore,it determine extracellular polysaccharides to use the phenol sulfuric acid method,and the reliability of the method was researched,the results showed that the stability,the precision,the reproducibility, the recovery of the method was relatively good.And then,in different environmental conditions such as temperature,pH,different fill height,different the inlet concentration of H_2S,the polysaccharides were determined,experimental results showed that the growth of the polysaccharides was the best at 20℃～30℃,pH 6.0～7.0,the polysaccharides were more the upper fill than the lower fill,and the relation between the polysaccharides and the removal rate had the good correlation,it illustrated the polysaccharides had an adsorption to H_2S.
Finally,it determined the activity of biofilm biomass to use the Colorimetric phospholipid method,and the biomass in different inlet H2S concentration,different packing layer height were measured,the results showed that the biomass of the upper tower were more than the lower,and the relation between the biomass and the removal rate were good correlation as well as the relation between the biomass and the polysaccharides.
引文
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[2]石磊主编.恶臭污染测试与控制技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004
[3]赵由才主编,袁园,李广科,伍志春副主编.环境工程化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2003
[4]伦世仪主编,陈坚,曲音波副主编.环境生物工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2002
[5]姜安玺,等.催化法在恶臭治理中的应用[J].哈尔滨商业大学报.2004,20(2):203-206
[6]洪伟,古国榜,等.光催化氧化法治理恶臭污染的工程应用[J].环境工程.2002,20(6):40-44
[7]李珊红,李彩亭,谭娅,肖辰畅,崔箫.恶臭气体的治理技术及其进展[J].四川环境.2005,24(4)
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