组合高级氧化工艺预处理高浓度有机废液的研究
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摘要
化工、制药、电镀等企业都会产生大量废槽液、废溶剂等高浓度有机废液,这部分废液CODCr高、B/C值低、成分复杂、有毒有害。按环保要求这部分废液应交有专业资质的单位处置,多采用焚烧法处理,费用很高。不少企业为节省费用稀释后掺入普通废水中处理,而造成污水处理站超标排放或污染事故。这部分废液的处置已成为一个环保难题。
本课题针对高浓度有机废液的特点,设计了铁炭微电解/超声波—Fenton试剂氧化法—絮凝沉淀组合高级氧化预处理工艺,降低浓度、减小毒性,提高B/C比,将高浓度有机废液转变为普通废水再进行常规处理,达标排放。
铁炭微电解/超声波优化反应条件为:废液初始pH值为4.4,固液体积比为1:4,铁炭体积比为2:1,反应次数为2次,每次反应时间为60 min,超声波频率为45KHz;Fenton试剂反应优化条件为:pH=4,30%H_2O_2投加体积为废液体积的4%,反应时间为60 min;絮凝沉淀优化反应条件为:废液初始pH值为7,PAC和PAM的加入量分别为300 mg/L和5 mg/L。
采用该工艺处理后,模拟废液CODCr、TOC和对硝基苯酚的总去除率可以达到90.0%,79.7%,85.2%,B/C比可由处理前的0.052提高至0.346,可生化性得到较好改善。对取自宁波化工区某制药厂的两种实际废液进行了处理,CODCr分别从163000 mg/L和15000 mg/L降低至48100 mg/L和1000 mg/L,去除率分别达到70.5%和93.3%。由紫外光谱分析可知,废液中大分子难降解物质有效降解为小分子。
本文提出的高级氧化组合工艺对高浓度有机废液的预处理方法,处理费用比焚烧法低,技术可行,经济有效,具有较好的推广应用价值。
Chemical, pharmaceutical, electroplating and other enterprises produce a lot of high concentration organic wastewater, such as waste bath, waste solvents . They are characteristic of high CODCr, low B/C, complicated components, toxic and deleterious. According to the requirements of environmental protection department, the wastewater should be treated with incineration method by professional department, but the process costs too much. In order to save the cost many enterprises discharged the wastewater after diluted ,which would bring excess emissions or pollution accidents. So how to treat the high concentration organic wastewater has been a difficult environmental puzzle.
According to the characteristics of the high concentration organic wastewater , we designed advanced oxidation combined processes: ferric-carbon micro electrolysis/ultrasonic-Fenton reagent- flocculation. This pretreatment processes can debase concentration, reduce toxicity, improve B/C, change hazardous wastewater into ordinary wastewater which can be drainaged standard after conventional treatment.
The optimal conditions of the Micro-electrolysis/ultrasonic process were:pH was 4.4, the volume ratio of solid to liquid was 1:4, the volume ratio of iron to carbon was 2:1, reaction number was 2, each reaction time was 60 min , aerate, the frequency of ultrasonic was 45 KHz. The optimal conditions of Fenton reagent process were: pH was 4,the volume ratio of H_2O_2 to wastewater was 4%,reaction time was 60min. The coagulation sedimentation process optimal conditions were: pH was 7, dosage of PAC and PAM were 500mg/L and 5mg/L respectively.
The total removal rate of CODCr, TOC and p-nitrophenol reached 89.8%, 79.7% and 85.2% respectively when the combined processes pretreated simulation wastewater . The value of B/C increased from 0.052 to 0.346. The combined processes pretreated two kinds of practical wastewater , CODCr decreased from 163000 mg/L、15000 mg/L to 48100、1000 mg/L respectively, the removal rate reached to 70.5% and 93.3% . Ultraviolet spectrum had showed that a part of refractory materials are effectively degraded into small molecules.
The advanced oxidation combined processes pretreating high concentration organic wastewater cost only 10% of incineration method. They are economic、effective and feasible in technology, So the combined processes have good application value.
本课题针对高浓度有机废液的特点,设计了铁炭微电解/超声波—Fenton试剂氧化法—絮凝沉淀组合高级氧化预处理工艺,降低浓度、减小毒性,提高B/C比,将高浓度有机废液转变为普通废水再进行常规处理,达标排放。
铁炭微电解/超声波优化反应条件为:废液初始pH值为4.4,固液体积比为1:4,铁炭体积比为2:1,反应次数为2次,每次反应时间为60 min,超声波频率为45KHz;Fenton试剂反应优化条件为:pH=4,30%H_2O_2投加体积为废液体积的4%,反应时间为60 min;絮凝沉淀优化反应条件为:废液初始pH值为7,PAC和PAM的加入量分别为300 mg/L和5 mg/L。
采用该工艺处理后,模拟废液CODCr、TOC和对硝基苯酚的总去除率可以达到90.0%,79.7%,85.2%,B/C比可由处理前的0.052提高至0.346,可生化性得到较好改善。对取自宁波化工区某制药厂的两种实际废液进行了处理,CODCr分别从163000 mg/L和15000 mg/L降低至48100 mg/L和1000 mg/L,去除率分别达到70.5%和93.3%。由紫外光谱分析可知,废液中大分子难降解物质有效降解为小分子。
本文提出的高级氧化组合工艺对高浓度有机废液的预处理方法,处理费用比焚烧法低,技术可行,经济有效,具有较好的推广应用价值。
Chemical, pharmaceutical, electroplating and other enterprises produce a lot of high concentration organic wastewater, such as waste bath, waste solvents . They are characteristic of high CODCr, low B/C, complicated components, toxic and deleterious. According to the requirements of environmental protection department, the wastewater should be treated with incineration method by professional department, but the process costs too much. In order to save the cost many enterprises discharged the wastewater after diluted ,which would bring excess emissions or pollution accidents. So how to treat the high concentration organic wastewater has been a difficult environmental puzzle.
According to the characteristics of the high concentration organic wastewater , we designed advanced oxidation combined processes: ferric-carbon micro electrolysis/ultrasonic-Fenton reagent- flocculation. This pretreatment processes can debase concentration, reduce toxicity, improve B/C, change hazardous wastewater into ordinary wastewater which can be drainaged standard after conventional treatment.
The optimal conditions of the Micro-electrolysis/ultrasonic process were:pH was 4.4, the volume ratio of solid to liquid was 1:4, the volume ratio of iron to carbon was 2:1, reaction number was 2, each reaction time was 60 min , aerate, the frequency of ultrasonic was 45 KHz. The optimal conditions of Fenton reagent process were: pH was 4,the volume ratio of H_2O_2 to wastewater was 4%,reaction time was 60min. The coagulation sedimentation process optimal conditions were: pH was 7, dosage of PAC and PAM were 500mg/L and 5mg/L respectively.
The total removal rate of CODCr, TOC and p-nitrophenol reached 89.8%, 79.7% and 85.2% respectively when the combined processes pretreated simulation wastewater . The value of B/C increased from 0.052 to 0.346. The combined processes pretreated two kinds of practical wastewater , CODCr decreased from 163000 mg/L、15000 mg/L to 48100、1000 mg/L respectively, the removal rate reached to 70.5% and 93.3% . Ultraviolet spectrum had showed that a part of refractory materials are effectively degraded into small molecules.
The advanced oxidation combined processes pretreating high concentration organic wastewater cost only 10% of incineration method. They are economic、effective and feasible in technology, So the combined processes have good application value.
引文
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