中学生生殖健康与预防艾滋病健康教育干预研究
摘要
本次研究在山西省实验中学进行，采用分层整群抽样法抽取初二、高二学生共计447人作为研究对象，从基线测查的现况及需求出发，进行生殖健康与预防艾滋病健康教育干预研究。
研究采用问卷测查法及人群干预实验。资料处理用Epi info 2000建立数据库，SAS软件做统计分析。
主要结果如下：
(一)生殖健康与预防艾滋病需求测评
1．生殖健康需求测评：中学生缺乏一些最基本的生殖健康知识，初二学生知识掌握程度较差；中学生在生殖健康态度和行为方面存在一定问题。
2．预防艾滋病需求测评：中学生预防艾滋病的意识淡薄；预防艾滋病知识较缺乏，初二学生知识掌握程度较差；对待艾滋病患者态度消极，歧视艾滋病患者的负向态度较为严重；不利于艾滋病预防的态度和高危行为不可忽视。
(二)生殖健康与预防艾滋病健康教育干预实验
1．本次干预实验方法可行。具体方法是利用学校每两周一次的健康教育课，对干预组学生进行生殖健康和预防艾滋病健康教育干预，连续8周，共4次。干预方法为集体讲授和个别辅导相结合的形式。
2．本次干预实验内容适宜。具体内容有：青春发育与生殖健康、青春期常见生殖健康问题与防治措施、艾滋病基本知识、艾滋病的流行及正确对待艾滋病病人四部分。
3．本次干预实验效果显著。主要表现为：
(1)生殖健康与预防艾滋病知识、态度、行为得分均值显著提高。干预后，干预组学生各项得分均值均高于对照组；干预组学生自身的生殖健康与预防艾滋病总得分分别由干预前的71.24±11.49增长到88.16±13.52、123.78±27.53增长到160.40±25.84。
(2)生殖健康与预防艾滋病知识、态度、行为项目正向检出率提高。
山西医科大学硕士学位论文
(3)多因素分析显示:健康教育干预是影响干预后生殖健康总得
分和预防艾滋病总得分的主要因素。
曰在本次研究基础上提出对中学生进行生殖健康与预防艾滋
病健康教育的模式
利用每两周一次的健康教育课尽早在初中进行生殖健康教育
和预防艾滋病教育;将生殖健康教育与预防艾滋病教育相结合，在
进行生殖健康教育的过程中，适时融入预防艾滋病教育;在进行预
防艾滋病教育的过程中，进一步加强生殖健康教育。二者相互结合
的教育模式效果比较明显。
This study was conducted at a secondary school in Taiyuan City, Shanxi province, China. The subject including of 447 students in grade 8 and grade 11 was sampled by stratified cluster sampling. The study aimed to set up a way to improve the lever of reproductive health and the ability of preventing AIDS by health education.
The methods consisted of questionnaires and intervention. Data analyses were performed through Epi info 2000 and SAS software. The major results were as follows:
1. The evaluation of requirements of reproductive health and AIDS prevention
The results of base-line study indicated that secondary school students were poor in knowledge of reproductive health and AIDS prevention; there were a few problems happened in their attitude and behavior which did harm their reproductive health and which were risk factors to AIDS.
2. Reproductive health and AIDS prevention intervention experiment
(1) The results demonstrated that the intervention methods of study were appropriated.
Students were trained four times for eight weeks. Training methods included health education and consultations.
(2) The results demonstrated that the intervention contents of study were suitable.
The program consisted of four parts, which included of puberty and reproductive health, common problems in puberty and the measure to prevent those problems, the prevalence of AIDS and AIDS prevention education, the measure to prevent AIDS.
(3) The effectiveness of the program was of significance.
The mean score of reproductive health and AIDS prevention knowledge of intervention group had been significantly improved and some attitudes and behaviors had been ameliorated. After intervention, the total mean score of reproductive health of intervention group had been improved from 71.24±11.49 in pre-test to 88.16±13.52 in post-test; The total mean score of AIDS prevention of intervention group had been improved from 123.78 ± 27.53 to 160.40±25.84.
3. Based on the research results, a way for health education of reproductive health and AIDS prevention in secondary school has been set up, which is as follow:
Health education of reproductive health and AIDS prevention should be taught earlier in junior high school through health education course. The effectiveness of the health education combining reproductive health and AIDS prevention is of significance.
研究采用问卷测查法及人群干预实验。资料处理用Epi info 2000建立数据库，SAS软件做统计分析。
主要结果如下：
(一)生殖健康与预防艾滋病需求测评
1．生殖健康需求测评：中学生缺乏一些最基本的生殖健康知识，初二学生知识掌握程度较差；中学生在生殖健康态度和行为方面存在一定问题。
2．预防艾滋病需求测评：中学生预防艾滋病的意识淡薄；预防艾滋病知识较缺乏，初二学生知识掌握程度较差；对待艾滋病患者态度消极，歧视艾滋病患者的负向态度较为严重；不利于艾滋病预防的态度和高危行为不可忽视。
(二)生殖健康与预防艾滋病健康教育干预实验
1．本次干预实验方法可行。具体方法是利用学校每两周一次的健康教育课，对干预组学生进行生殖健康和预防艾滋病健康教育干预，连续8周，共4次。干预方法为集体讲授和个别辅导相结合的形式。
2．本次干预实验内容适宜。具体内容有：青春发育与生殖健康、青春期常见生殖健康问题与防治措施、艾滋病基本知识、艾滋病的流行及正确对待艾滋病病人四部分。
3．本次干预实验效果显著。主要表现为：
(1)生殖健康与预防艾滋病知识、态度、行为得分均值显著提高。干预后，干预组学生各项得分均值均高于对照组；干预组学生自身的生殖健康与预防艾滋病总得分分别由干预前的71.24±11.49增长到88.16±13.52、123.78±27.53增长到160.40±25.84。
(2)生殖健康与预防艾滋病知识、态度、行为项目正向检出率提高。
山西医科大学硕士学位论文
(3)多因素分析显示:健康教育干预是影响干预后生殖健康总得
分和预防艾滋病总得分的主要因素。
曰在本次研究基础上提出对中学生进行生殖健康与预防艾滋
病健康教育的模式
利用每两周一次的健康教育课尽早在初中进行生殖健康教育
和预防艾滋病教育;将生殖健康教育与预防艾滋病教育相结合，在
进行生殖健康教育的过程中，适时融入预防艾滋病教育;在进行预
防艾滋病教育的过程中，进一步加强生殖健康教育。二者相互结合
的教育模式效果比较明显。
This study was conducted at a secondary school in Taiyuan City, Shanxi province, China. The subject including of 447 students in grade 8 and grade 11 was sampled by stratified cluster sampling. The study aimed to set up a way to improve the lever of reproductive health and the ability of preventing AIDS by health education.
The methods consisted of questionnaires and intervention. Data analyses were performed through Epi info 2000 and SAS software. The major results were as follows:
1. The evaluation of requirements of reproductive health and AIDS prevention
The results of base-line study indicated that secondary school students were poor in knowledge of reproductive health and AIDS prevention; there were a few problems happened in their attitude and behavior which did harm their reproductive health and which were risk factors to AIDS.
2. Reproductive health and AIDS prevention intervention experiment
(1) The results demonstrated that the intervention methods of study were appropriated.
Students were trained four times for eight weeks. Training methods included health education and consultations.
(2) The results demonstrated that the intervention contents of study were suitable.
The program consisted of four parts, which included of puberty and reproductive health, common problems in puberty and the measure to prevent those problems, the prevalence of AIDS and AIDS prevention education, the measure to prevent AIDS.
(3) The effectiveness of the program was of significance.
The mean score of reproductive health and AIDS prevention knowledge of intervention group had been significantly improved and some attitudes and behaviors had been ameliorated. After intervention, the total mean score of reproductive health of intervention group had been improved from 71.24±11.49 in pre-test to 88.16±13.52 in post-test; The total mean score of AIDS prevention of intervention group had been improved from 123.78 ± 27.53 to 160.40±25.84.
3. Based on the research results, a way for health education of reproductive health and AIDS prevention in secondary school has been set up, which is as follow:
Health education of reproductive health and AIDS prevention should be taught earlier in junior high school through health education course. The effectiveness of the health education combining reproductive health and AIDS prevention is of significance.
引文
1．陆焯平．美国青少年性教育进展．外国医学社会医学分册，1996；13(3)：106-110．
2．王文军，张瑾，庞淑兰．唐山市大学生艾滋病知识、态度及性观念调查分析．中国学校卫生，2001；22(5)：426-427．
3．同[1]
4．余小鸣，王嘉，籍红等．中学生青春期生殖健康信息和服务利用的现况．中国学校卫生，2001；22(4)：323-324．
5．曾毅．艾滋病的流行趋势、研究进展及遏制策略．中国公共卫生，2001；17(12)：1061-1062．
6．董建群，张孔来．HIV／AIDS的流行现况及研究进展．中国公共卫生，2001；17(12)：1063-1064．
7．何景琳，许文青．学校预防艾滋病教育在中国．中国健康教育，2001；17(1)：15-18．
8．[美]劳伦 克拉克，著．郑治国，等译．艾滋病ABS．北京：中国妇女出版社，1999．72．
9．叶广俊主编：儿童少年卫生学，第4版，人民卫生出版社，2000：176．
10. Hurrelmann. K., Leppin. A. and Nordlohne, E. Promoting Health In Schools: The German Example. Health Promotion International, 1995; 10(10): 121-131.
11. Smith, C., Roberts, C., Nutbeam, D. and Macdonald, G. The Health Promoting Schools: Progress And Future Challenges In Welsh Secondary School. Health Promotion International, 1992; 7(7): 171-179.
12．同[1]
13．于虹，钱汉竹，赵鹏飞等．医科大学新生生殖健康问题的知识、态度、行为研究．中国校医，1998：12(4)．
14．孙江平，马迎华，陈虹等．深圳、云南两地中学生艾滋病与危险行为的健康教育需求的研究．中国公共卫生，2001：17(5)：438-440．
15. Gillmore MR, et al. Substance use and other factors associated with risky sexual behavior among pregnant adolescents. Family Planning Perspective, 1992; 24(6): 255-268.
16. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Selecting the items, in: Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. Oxford: Oxford University: SAGE Publications, inc. 1991.
17．叶广俊主编：儿童少年卫生学，第3版，人民卫生出版社，1994．
18. Woodward CA, chambers LW. Guide to questionnaire construction and question writing. Ottawa: Canadian Public Health Association, 1986.
19．刘广文，王芳芳，邢玉梅．太原市某小学学生心理健康状况分析．中国学校卫生．2000：21(6)：446-447．
20．黄敬亨 主编：健康教育学，上海医科大学出版社，1992．
21．华西医科大学主编：健康行为学，人民卫生出版社，第1版，1993．
22. Ubell E. Sex-education programs that work-and some that don't. Parade Magaxine. February 12, 1995:18-20.
23．游川，丁辉，项小英．中国青少年青春期生殖健康教育现状分析．中国健康教育．2001：17(8)：159-162．
24．同[17]
25．Lawrenle W-Green，Marshall W，Krewter，Sigrid G．Deeds，Kay B．Partridge．(李新正，胡伟民，陈莺译)，健康教育计划设计PRECEOE模式，上海医科大学出版社，1989：卜4．
26．同[1]．
27．同[7]．
28．同[7]
29．吕姿之，钮文异，孙昕英，等．北京某医科大学学生对艾滋病／性病／安全性行为教育需求的定性研究．中国学校卫生，1998；19(1)：1-6
30．王爱霞．艾滋病的临床．中华内科杂志：1994，33(7)；488-489．
31. CDC. Preventing tobacco use among young people-A report of the Surgeon General, 1994. 36-104.
32．同[15]．
33．杜宇欣，等．幼儿卫生知识与习惯调查．中国学校卫生．1996：17(2)：123．
34．同[5]
35．吴阶平．性知识和性道德教育是预防医学的课题．中华预防医学杂志：1987，21(6)：313．
36．陈晶琦，孔艳秋，王冬梅．阜新县高中学生性与生殖健康教育需求评价．中国校医，1998；12(1)．
2．王文军，张瑾，庞淑兰．唐山市大学生艾滋病知识、态度及性观念调查分析．中国学校卫生，2001；22(5)：426-427．
3．同[1]
4．余小鸣，王嘉，籍红等．中学生青春期生殖健康信息和服务利用的现况．中国学校卫生，2001；22(4)：323-324．
5．曾毅．艾滋病的流行趋势、研究进展及遏制策略．中国公共卫生，2001；17(12)：1061-1062．
6．董建群，张孔来．HIV／AIDS的流行现况及研究进展．中国公共卫生，2001；17(12)：1063-1064．
7．何景琳，许文青．学校预防艾滋病教育在中国．中国健康教育，2001；17(1)：15-18．
8．[美]劳伦 克拉克，著．郑治国，等译．艾滋病ABS．北京：中国妇女出版社，1999．72．
9．叶广俊主编：儿童少年卫生学，第4版，人民卫生出版社，2000：176．
10. Hurrelmann. K., Leppin. A. and Nordlohne, E. Promoting Health In Schools: The German Example. Health Promotion International, 1995; 10(10): 121-131.
11. Smith, C., Roberts, C., Nutbeam, D. and Macdonald, G. The Health Promoting Schools: Progress And Future Challenges In Welsh Secondary School. Health Promotion International, 1992; 7(7): 171-179.
12．同[1]
13．于虹，钱汉竹，赵鹏飞等．医科大学新生生殖健康问题的知识、态度、行为研究．中国校医，1998：12(4)．
14．孙江平，马迎华，陈虹等．深圳、云南两地中学生艾滋病与危险行为的健康教育需求的研究．中国公共卫生，2001：17(5)：438-440．
15. Gillmore MR, et al. Substance use and other factors associated with risky sexual behavior among pregnant adolescents. Family Planning Perspective, 1992; 24(6): 255-268.
16. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Selecting the items, in: Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. Oxford: Oxford University: SAGE Publications, inc. 1991.
17．叶广俊主编：儿童少年卫生学，第3版，人民卫生出版社，1994．
18. Woodward CA, chambers LW. Guide to questionnaire construction and question writing. Ottawa: Canadian Public Health Association, 1986.
19．刘广文，王芳芳，邢玉梅．太原市某小学学生心理健康状况分析．中国学校卫生．2000：21(6)：446-447．
20．黄敬亨 主编：健康教育学，上海医科大学出版社，1992．
21．华西医科大学主编：健康行为学，人民卫生出版社，第1版，1993．
22. Ubell E. Sex-education programs that work-and some that don't. Parade Magaxine. February 12, 1995:18-20.
23．游川，丁辉，项小英．中国青少年青春期生殖健康教育现状分析．中国健康教育．2001：17(8)：159-162．
24．同[17]
25．Lawrenle W-Green，Marshall W，Krewter，Sigrid G．Deeds，Kay B．Partridge．(李新正，胡伟民，陈莺译)，健康教育计划设计PRECEOE模式，上海医科大学出版社，1989：卜4．
26．同[1]．
27．同[7]．
28．同[7]
29．吕姿之，钮文异，孙昕英，等．北京某医科大学学生对艾滋病／性病／安全性行为教育需求的定性研究．中国学校卫生，1998；19(1)：1-6
30．王爱霞．艾滋病的临床．中华内科杂志：1994，33(7)；488-489．
31. CDC. Preventing tobacco use among young people-A report of the Surgeon General, 1994. 36-104.
32．同[15]．
33．杜宇欣，等．幼儿卫生知识与习惯调查．中国学校卫生．1996：17(2)：123．
34．同[5]
35．吴阶平．性知识和性道德教育是预防医学的课题．中华预防医学杂志：1987，21(6)：313．
36．陈晶琦，孔艳秋，王冬梅．阜新县高中学生性与生殖健康教育需求评价．中国校医，1998；12(1)．