黄、东海海域沉积物的源汇效应及其环境意义
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摘要
陆海相互作用过程中痕量元素和有机质的归宿和行为，不仅是全球物质循环过程(例如碳循环、汞的全球循环等)研究的关键，而且与人类活动(例如：重大水利工程、城市化进程和土地的使用、工业污染物质的排放和大气污染物的沉降)密切相关。如果在一个典型的河口或者陆架海域，将自然过程(河流的输入、季风的输送、外海流系的输送、再悬浮过程等)、人类活动与海洋环境状况(缺氧区、上升流等)相结合，辅助敏感的示踪剂，就有可能在崭新的层面上认识陆海相互作用过程中痕量元素和有机质在海洋学过程中的源汇效应，而长江口与黄、东海海域正是实施这一研究最为理想的场所之一。
本文以国家"973"项目(2002CB412400),国家自然科学基金面上项目(41076222）和国土资源部海洋油气资源与环境地质重点实验室基金(MRE201004)为依托，根据2003与2006年夏季、2009年冬季和2010年秋季长江口与黄东海海域四个航次的综合调查资料，测定了悬浮体含量、沉积物粒度、黏土矿物含量、有机碳、总氮、碳氮同位素、重金属元素和稀土元素含量等，分析了黄东海海域悬浮体的输送格局、沉积物的来源及其地球化学特征，定量估算了黄东海泥质区的沉积通量以及沉积物中重金属元素、有机碳的埋藏通量，结合前人的研究成果，系统地探讨了黄东海海域沉积物的源汇效应及其环境记录。主要结论如下：
(1)黄海海域秋季悬浮体含量介于0.1-300mg/L之间，小于5mg/L的水体占据了研究区绝大部分海域。悬浮体高含量区主要分布在苏北浅滩，低含量区主要分布在山东半岛南部海域和南黄海中部海域。黄海悬浮体分布特征受黄海环流系统和再悬浮作用影响显著。北黄海泥质区和山东半岛沿岸泥质区是渤海海峡输入物质的汇，长江冲淡水也可能携带部分泥沙经黄海暖流输送至北黄海泥质区，而南黄海中部泥质区主要受老黄河物质的影响。基于对北黄海泥质区、山东半岛沿岸泥质区和南黄海中部泥质区沉积通量的估算(其沉积通量分别约为20Mt/yr、25-75Mt/yr和49Mt/yr),可得知黄河通过渤海海峡的输送通量应大于43Mt/yr,每年至少有50Mt老黄河物质输入至东海东部海域。
(2)长江口海域夏季悬浮体含量的极大值出现在最大浑浊带，悬浮体高含量区主要出现在近岸泥质区中，在东海残留沉积区悬浮体含量较低。悬浮体含量的分布格局受沿岸流、长江冲淡水和台湾暖流的共同作用。表层悬浮体含量主要受长江冲淡水的影响，部分悬浮体可被携带至口外东北方向的海域。底层悬浮体含量在最大浑浊带可达1000mg/L,之后向外海方向迅速降低，在口外锋面处悬浮体含量出现明显的梯度变化，大部分悬浮体在沿岸流的作用下向南输送。闽浙沿岸泥质区的沉积通量约为186Mt/yr,而长江口外泥质区虽然面积较小，但却有着较快的堆积速率(最高可达到3g/cm2/yr),其沉积通量约为137Mt/yr。长江口泥质区和闽浙沿岸泥质区每年约沉积323Mt泥沙，大于基于浅地层剖面所估算的沉积通量240Mt/yr。
(3)北黄海泥质区沉积物中有机质主要以陆源为主。长江口外泥质区和闽浙沿岸泥质区中有机质在近岸主要以陆源沉积为主，由近岸向海沉积物受海源物质的影响逐渐增强。在南黄海中部泥质区沉积物，陆源有机质的输送依然是有机质来源的主要方式，海洋来源有机质在南黄海中部泥质区的东侧呈增加趋势，可能与黄海暖流的输入有关。在百年尺度上,北黄海泥质区每年埋藏的有机碳总量约为0.19Mt,南黄海中部泥质区每年约埋藏0.59Mt,而长江口外泥质区的有机碳埋藏通量约为1.24Mt,略低于闽浙沿岸泥质区(2.10Mt)。东海的有机碳理藏通量大于黄海，在东海至少有50%的有机碳埋藏于长江口外和闽浙沿岸泥质区。
(4)长江口海域沉积物中重金属元素的高含量分布在口门附近，向海方向呈逐渐减少的趋势。长江口外泥质区中呈现重金属元素的高值，在东海残留沉积区内绝大多数重金属元素含量出现低值。铁锰氧化物结合态是长江口及邻近海域沉积物中重金属元素非残渣态的主要存在形式。在长江口外泥质区的南部出现高含量的铜元素非残渣态，长江水沙输入量呈一定的正相关性；非残渣态的铅元素含量受大气输入和工业污染的影响较明显。长江口海域Y16站岩芯沉积物中铅、锌含量在1990年后呈现逐渐增加的趋势，其含量变化主要受控于长江物质的供给、生物沉积作用以及人类活动污染物排放的影响。另外，长江输沙量的变化与重金属元素铅、锌含量旱现一定的负相关性，结合富集因子分析和相关分析可知，1990年后岩芯沉积物中铅、锌含量受到人类活动污染物排放的影响，但这种影响在长江大量输沙的背景下被明显减少。
(5)黄东海海域黏土矿物的分布特征主要受长江和黄河两条大河的影响，北黄海泥质区中黏土矿物主要受黄河输入物质控制，闽浙沿岸泥质区中黏土矿物被长江输入物质所控制。南黄海中部泥质区黏土矿物不仅受老黄河物质的影响，还受现代黄河和长江物质的影响，具多源特点。同时，韩国河流对南黄海中部泥质区中黏土矿物的贡献很小。
黄渤海海域悬浮体和沉积物中稀土总含量介于20至300μg/g之间。在悬浮体中，经北美页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式大致分为两类，一类为：水体的各层悬浮体中稀土元素配分模式均一致，与黄河沉积物接近。另一类为：底层悬浮体稀土元素配分模式与黄河沉积物接近，而表层和10m层悬浮体配分模式呈现重稀土相对富集，且稀土总量整体偏低。黄海海域悬浮体中稀土元素含量的变化主要受控于陆源碎屑物质，还可能受到水体的影响而体现出与陆源碎屑不同的配分模式。这种影响主要集中于悬浮体含量较低的表层或水深10m层中，可能由悬浮体清扫水体中重稀土元素所致。
本文的创新点主要为：一、基于矿物学、地球化学和水沙输送过程，系统地分析了黄、东海海域物质的输送格局和来源，重新估算和评价了沉积通量、有机碳的埋藏通量和重金属元素的环境效应。二、详尽分析了黄海海域悬浮体中稀土元素的含量及配分模式，发现部分表层悬浮体中稀土元素的配分模式虽仍呈近直线型分布，但重稀土元素相对富集，可能由悬浮体清扫水体中重稀土元素所致。
The behavior and late of trace elements and organic matter in the process of Land-Sea interection, is not noly the key for the material cycle (such as carbone cycle and mercury cycle), but also relate to human activities (such as Dam Construction, urbanization, land use, industrial pollution and air pollution). If combine the nature process, human activities and oceanic environmental conditions in a typical estuary or shelf, and assists the avilible proxy, it is possible to recognize source and sink of trace metals and organic matter in the oceanic process. Therefore, the Changjiang, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are one of the best places to study the source to sink of the sediment.
This research is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41076022) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2002CB412400). Four cruises were accupied on the Changjiang estuary, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during summer of2003and2006, winter of2009and autumn of2010. The concentration of suspended sediment, grain size, clay mineral content, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, heavy metals and rare earth elements were determined, and transportation of suspended sediments, source of sediments were analysised and discussed. Based on other research, sediment deposition in the Yellow sea and the East China Sea were also estimated, and a complete discussion was taken to the sediment source and environmental records. The major conclution were drawn below:
(1) The concentration of suspended sediments range from0.1to300mg/L, and the suspended sediment concentration with less than5mg/L distributes in the most study area. The high concentration of suspended matter is in the shallow water along the northeastern coast of Jiangsu Province. The low is mostly in the south area of Shandong Peninsula and the mud area of the South Yellow Sea. The distribution of suspended sediments is controlled by the circulation system and the resuspcnded process. The mud of North Yellow Sea and the mud of Shandong Peninsula are the sink of sediment from the Bohai Straits. However, the Changjiang diluted water could carry parts of sediments to the mud of North Yellow Sea by the Yellow Sea Warm Current, and the sediment from old Yellow River is the major contribution for the mud of the middle part in the South Yellow Sea. The sediment accumulacation in the mud of the North Yellow Sea is about20Mt/yr, for the mud of the Shandong Peninsula is about25-75Mt/yr and the mud area of the South Yellow Sea is about49Mt/yr. Based on this, we could conclude that there are more than43Mt/yr sediment from the Bohai Strait and more than50Mt/yr sediment from old Yellow River are transported to the Fast China Sea.
(2) The max concentration of suspened sediment in the Changjiang estuary at summer is presented in turbidity maximum zone. High value is in the near shore mud area, and low value is preseted in the relict sediment of the East China Sea. The distribution of suspended sediments is controlled by the coastal current, the Changjiang dillutied water and Taiwan Warm Current, especially the max gradient of suspened sediment concentration presented in the shear front off the Changjiang estuary. The concentration of surface suspended sediment is controlled by the Changjiang diluted water, and part of the suspended sediment could be transported to the northeast direction. The max concentration of bottom suspended sediment is about1000mg/L in the turbidity maximum zone and shows a dcreased trend to the sea. Most of the suspended sediments are transported to the south off the Changjiang estuary by the coast current. It is about186Mt/yr sediment deposited in the mud of Minzhe coast. I lowever, the sediment depositon in the area of the Changjiang offshore mud is less than in the mud of Minzhe coast, but there is a high accumulacation rate in the Changjiang offshore mud area and its sediment deposition flux is about137Mt/yr. Therefor, the sediment deposited in the Changjiang offshore area is about323Mt/yr, above than the deposition flux caculated from the shallow seismic profile (240Mt/yr).
(3) The source of organic materr in the sediment of the North Yellow Sea mud area is mainly from terrigenous input. The near shore sediment of the mud area off the Changjiang estuary is controlled by the terrigenous input, and the ocean source effection is increasing to the sea. In the mud area of the South Yellow Sea, terrigenous input is still the main source for the organic matter, and in the east part, ocean source input is increased which may correlated to the Warm Current of Yellow Sea. During the hundand year time scale, there is about0.19Mt organic carbon depositions in the mud of North Yellow Sea every year. And0.59Mt organic carbon buried in mud of South Yellow Sea every year,1.24Mt/yr organic carbon in mud of the Changjiang estuary which is below the value of the Minzhe Coast mud area (2.10Mt/yr). The burry flux of organic carbon in the East China Sea is above the flux in the Yellow Sea. More than50%organic carbon is buried in the mud area off the Changjiang estuary.
(4) High value of heavy metals in the Changjiang estuarine sediment is presented near the estuary, and shows a dreaseaing trend to the sea. Most of low vlues of heavy metals are presented in the relict sediment of the East China Sea. Fe-Mn oxide fraction is the major fraction for the sediment of Changjiang estuary. Non residual fraction of Cu correlated to the sediment flux of the Changjiang, and non residual fraction of Pb is affected by the atmospheric input. The concentration of Pb and Zn in the core Y16presents an increasing trend from1990s, which is mainly controlled by the Changjiang input, biogenic sedimentation, and human activities. Moreover, the sediment flux of Changjiang presents a negative correlation with the concentration of Pb and Zn. From1990. the concentration of Pb and Zn is affected by the anthropugenic pollution. But. such huge sediment flux from Changjiang significantly diluted the pollution in the sediment.
(5) The distribution of clay mineral in the sediment of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is mainly controlled by the Changjiang and the Yellow River. The clay from the North Yellow Sea in mainly controlled by the Yellow River input, and the clay from the mud of Minzhe coast is affected by the Chanjiang. However, the clay mineral in the mud of South Yellow Sea is not only effects by the Old Yellow River, but also effects by the Changjiang and Yellow River input. However, the contribution of clay mineral from the Korea River is neglectable in the mud of South Yellow Sea.
The REE concentrations of suspeneded sediment and surface sediment arc range from20to300μg/g. The REE distribution pattern normalized to North America Shale present two typies:one is that there is no distinguish of the REH distribution pattern in the different layers of suspended sediment. The other is thai REE distribution pattern in the bottom layers is same to the sediment of Yellow River. But, REE distribution pattern in the surface and10m layers are riched in HREE, and TREE is lower than others. The REE distribution pattern in the Yellow Sea is mainly controlled by the terrigenous input and others (such as surface suspended sediment) may affect by the REE in the water. It could be interperated that the suspeneded sediment adsorbs the HREE of the water.
The innovation point of this paper is about:firstly, based on the mineralogy, geochemistry and sediment transports, we analysis the sediment transportation pattern and souce in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, recalculated the sediment flux, burry flux of organic matter and the environment effection of heavy metals. Secondly, a detail work for the REE in the suspended sediment of Yellow Sea is carried out. Parts of REE distribution pattern in the surface and10m Layers suspended sediment present nearly a line, but the HREE is related rich. The related rich HREE in the surface of suspended sediment is may attributed by the asorbtion of HREE from the water.
本文以国家"973"项目(2002CB412400),国家自然科学基金面上项目(41076222）和国土资源部海洋油气资源与环境地质重点实验室基金(MRE201004)为依托，根据2003与2006年夏季、2009年冬季和2010年秋季长江口与黄东海海域四个航次的综合调查资料，测定了悬浮体含量、沉积物粒度、黏土矿物含量、有机碳、总氮、碳氮同位素、重金属元素和稀土元素含量等，分析了黄东海海域悬浮体的输送格局、沉积物的来源及其地球化学特征，定量估算了黄东海泥质区的沉积通量以及沉积物中重金属元素、有机碳的埋藏通量，结合前人的研究成果，系统地探讨了黄东海海域沉积物的源汇效应及其环境记录。主要结论如下：
(1)黄海海域秋季悬浮体含量介于0.1-300mg/L之间，小于5mg/L的水体占据了研究区绝大部分海域。悬浮体高含量区主要分布在苏北浅滩，低含量区主要分布在山东半岛南部海域和南黄海中部海域。黄海悬浮体分布特征受黄海环流系统和再悬浮作用影响显著。北黄海泥质区和山东半岛沿岸泥质区是渤海海峡输入物质的汇，长江冲淡水也可能携带部分泥沙经黄海暖流输送至北黄海泥质区，而南黄海中部泥质区主要受老黄河物质的影响。基于对北黄海泥质区、山东半岛沿岸泥质区和南黄海中部泥质区沉积通量的估算(其沉积通量分别约为20Mt/yr、25-75Mt/yr和49Mt/yr),可得知黄河通过渤海海峡的输送通量应大于43Mt/yr,每年至少有50Mt老黄河物质输入至东海东部海域。
(2)长江口海域夏季悬浮体含量的极大值出现在最大浑浊带，悬浮体高含量区主要出现在近岸泥质区中，在东海残留沉积区悬浮体含量较低。悬浮体含量的分布格局受沿岸流、长江冲淡水和台湾暖流的共同作用。表层悬浮体含量主要受长江冲淡水的影响，部分悬浮体可被携带至口外东北方向的海域。底层悬浮体含量在最大浑浊带可达1000mg/L,之后向外海方向迅速降低，在口外锋面处悬浮体含量出现明显的梯度变化，大部分悬浮体在沿岸流的作用下向南输送。闽浙沿岸泥质区的沉积通量约为186Mt/yr,而长江口外泥质区虽然面积较小，但却有着较快的堆积速率(最高可达到3g/cm2/yr),其沉积通量约为137Mt/yr。长江口泥质区和闽浙沿岸泥质区每年约沉积323Mt泥沙，大于基于浅地层剖面所估算的沉积通量240Mt/yr。
(3)北黄海泥质区沉积物中有机质主要以陆源为主。长江口外泥质区和闽浙沿岸泥质区中有机质在近岸主要以陆源沉积为主，由近岸向海沉积物受海源物质的影响逐渐增强。在南黄海中部泥质区沉积物，陆源有机质的输送依然是有机质来源的主要方式，海洋来源有机质在南黄海中部泥质区的东侧呈增加趋势，可能与黄海暖流的输入有关。在百年尺度上,北黄海泥质区每年埋藏的有机碳总量约为0.19Mt,南黄海中部泥质区每年约埋藏0.59Mt,而长江口外泥质区的有机碳埋藏通量约为1.24Mt,略低于闽浙沿岸泥质区(2.10Mt)。东海的有机碳理藏通量大于黄海，在东海至少有50%的有机碳埋藏于长江口外和闽浙沿岸泥质区。
(4)长江口海域沉积物中重金属元素的高含量分布在口门附近，向海方向呈逐渐减少的趋势。长江口外泥质区中呈现重金属元素的高值，在东海残留沉积区内绝大多数重金属元素含量出现低值。铁锰氧化物结合态是长江口及邻近海域沉积物中重金属元素非残渣态的主要存在形式。在长江口外泥质区的南部出现高含量的铜元素非残渣态，长江水沙输入量呈一定的正相关性；非残渣态的铅元素含量受大气输入和工业污染的影响较明显。长江口海域Y16站岩芯沉积物中铅、锌含量在1990年后呈现逐渐增加的趋势，其含量变化主要受控于长江物质的供给、生物沉积作用以及人类活动污染物排放的影响。另外，长江输沙量的变化与重金属元素铅、锌含量旱现一定的负相关性，结合富集因子分析和相关分析可知，1990年后岩芯沉积物中铅、锌含量受到人类活动污染物排放的影响，但这种影响在长江大量输沙的背景下被明显减少。
(5)黄东海海域黏土矿物的分布特征主要受长江和黄河两条大河的影响，北黄海泥质区中黏土矿物主要受黄河输入物质控制，闽浙沿岸泥质区中黏土矿物被长江输入物质所控制。南黄海中部泥质区黏土矿物不仅受老黄河物质的影响，还受现代黄河和长江物质的影响，具多源特点。同时，韩国河流对南黄海中部泥质区中黏土矿物的贡献很小。
黄渤海海域悬浮体和沉积物中稀土总含量介于20至300μg/g之间。在悬浮体中，经北美页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式大致分为两类，一类为：水体的各层悬浮体中稀土元素配分模式均一致，与黄河沉积物接近。另一类为：底层悬浮体稀土元素配分模式与黄河沉积物接近，而表层和10m层悬浮体配分模式呈现重稀土相对富集，且稀土总量整体偏低。黄海海域悬浮体中稀土元素含量的变化主要受控于陆源碎屑物质，还可能受到水体的影响而体现出与陆源碎屑不同的配分模式。这种影响主要集中于悬浮体含量较低的表层或水深10m层中，可能由悬浮体清扫水体中重稀土元素所致。
本文的创新点主要为：一、基于矿物学、地球化学和水沙输送过程，系统地分析了黄、东海海域物质的输送格局和来源，重新估算和评价了沉积通量、有机碳的埋藏通量和重金属元素的环境效应。二、详尽分析了黄海海域悬浮体中稀土元素的含量及配分模式，发现部分表层悬浮体中稀土元素的配分模式虽仍呈近直线型分布，但重稀土元素相对富集，可能由悬浮体清扫水体中重稀土元素所致。
The behavior and late of trace elements and organic matter in the process of Land-Sea interection, is not noly the key for the material cycle (such as carbone cycle and mercury cycle), but also relate to human activities (such as Dam Construction, urbanization, land use, industrial pollution and air pollution). If combine the nature process, human activities and oceanic environmental conditions in a typical estuary or shelf, and assists the avilible proxy, it is possible to recognize source and sink of trace metals and organic matter in the oceanic process. Therefore, the Changjiang, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are one of the best places to study the source to sink of the sediment.
This research is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41076022) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2002CB412400). Four cruises were accupied on the Changjiang estuary, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during summer of2003and2006, winter of2009and autumn of2010. The concentration of suspended sediment, grain size, clay mineral content, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, heavy metals and rare earth elements were determined, and transportation of suspended sediments, source of sediments were analysised and discussed. Based on other research, sediment deposition in the Yellow sea and the East China Sea were also estimated, and a complete discussion was taken to the sediment source and environmental records. The major conclution were drawn below:
(1) The concentration of suspended sediments range from0.1to300mg/L, and the suspended sediment concentration with less than5mg/L distributes in the most study area. The high concentration of suspended matter is in the shallow water along the northeastern coast of Jiangsu Province. The low is mostly in the south area of Shandong Peninsula and the mud area of the South Yellow Sea. The distribution of suspended sediments is controlled by the circulation system and the resuspcnded process. The mud of North Yellow Sea and the mud of Shandong Peninsula are the sink of sediment from the Bohai Straits. However, the Changjiang diluted water could carry parts of sediments to the mud of North Yellow Sea by the Yellow Sea Warm Current, and the sediment from old Yellow River is the major contribution for the mud of the middle part in the South Yellow Sea. The sediment accumulacation in the mud of the North Yellow Sea is about20Mt/yr, for the mud of the Shandong Peninsula is about25-75Mt/yr and the mud area of the South Yellow Sea is about49Mt/yr. Based on this, we could conclude that there are more than43Mt/yr sediment from the Bohai Strait and more than50Mt/yr sediment from old Yellow River are transported to the Fast China Sea.
(2) The max concentration of suspened sediment in the Changjiang estuary at summer is presented in turbidity maximum zone. High value is in the near shore mud area, and low value is preseted in the relict sediment of the East China Sea. The distribution of suspended sediments is controlled by the coastal current, the Changjiang dillutied water and Taiwan Warm Current, especially the max gradient of suspened sediment concentration presented in the shear front off the Changjiang estuary. The concentration of surface suspended sediment is controlled by the Changjiang diluted water, and part of the suspended sediment could be transported to the northeast direction. The max concentration of bottom suspended sediment is about1000mg/L in the turbidity maximum zone and shows a dcreased trend to the sea. Most of the suspended sediments are transported to the south off the Changjiang estuary by the coast current. It is about186Mt/yr sediment deposited in the mud of Minzhe coast. I lowever, the sediment depositon in the area of the Changjiang offshore mud is less than in the mud of Minzhe coast, but there is a high accumulacation rate in the Changjiang offshore mud area and its sediment deposition flux is about137Mt/yr. Therefor, the sediment deposited in the Changjiang offshore area is about323Mt/yr, above than the deposition flux caculated from the shallow seismic profile (240Mt/yr).
(3) The source of organic materr in the sediment of the North Yellow Sea mud area is mainly from terrigenous input. The near shore sediment of the mud area off the Changjiang estuary is controlled by the terrigenous input, and the ocean source effection is increasing to the sea. In the mud area of the South Yellow Sea, terrigenous input is still the main source for the organic matter, and in the east part, ocean source input is increased which may correlated to the Warm Current of Yellow Sea. During the hundand year time scale, there is about0.19Mt organic carbon depositions in the mud of North Yellow Sea every year. And0.59Mt organic carbon buried in mud of South Yellow Sea every year,1.24Mt/yr organic carbon in mud of the Changjiang estuary which is below the value of the Minzhe Coast mud area (2.10Mt/yr). The burry flux of organic carbon in the East China Sea is above the flux in the Yellow Sea. More than50%organic carbon is buried in the mud area off the Changjiang estuary.
(4) High value of heavy metals in the Changjiang estuarine sediment is presented near the estuary, and shows a dreaseaing trend to the sea. Most of low vlues of heavy metals are presented in the relict sediment of the East China Sea. Fe-Mn oxide fraction is the major fraction for the sediment of Changjiang estuary. Non residual fraction of Cu correlated to the sediment flux of the Changjiang, and non residual fraction of Pb is affected by the atmospheric input. The concentration of Pb and Zn in the core Y16presents an increasing trend from1990s, which is mainly controlled by the Changjiang input, biogenic sedimentation, and human activities. Moreover, the sediment flux of Changjiang presents a negative correlation with the concentration of Pb and Zn. From1990. the concentration of Pb and Zn is affected by the anthropugenic pollution. But. such huge sediment flux from Changjiang significantly diluted the pollution in the sediment.
(5) The distribution of clay mineral in the sediment of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is mainly controlled by the Changjiang and the Yellow River. The clay from the North Yellow Sea in mainly controlled by the Yellow River input, and the clay from the mud of Minzhe coast is affected by the Chanjiang. However, the clay mineral in the mud of South Yellow Sea is not only effects by the Old Yellow River, but also effects by the Changjiang and Yellow River input. However, the contribution of clay mineral from the Korea River is neglectable in the mud of South Yellow Sea.
The REE concentrations of suspeneded sediment and surface sediment arc range from20to300μg/g. The REE distribution pattern normalized to North America Shale present two typies:one is that there is no distinguish of the REH distribution pattern in the different layers of suspended sediment. The other is thai REE distribution pattern in the bottom layers is same to the sediment of Yellow River. But, REE distribution pattern in the surface and10m layers are riched in HREE, and TREE is lower than others. The REE distribution pattern in the Yellow Sea is mainly controlled by the terrigenous input and others (such as surface suspended sediment) may affect by the REE in the water. It could be interperated that the suspeneded sediment adsorbs the HREE of the water.
The innovation point of this paper is about:firstly, based on the mineralogy, geochemistry and sediment transports, we analysis the sediment transportation pattern and souce in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, recalculated the sediment flux, burry flux of organic matter and the environment effection of heavy metals. Secondly, a detail work for the REE in the suspended sediment of Yellow Sea is carried out. Parts of REE distribution pattern in the surface and10m Layers suspended sediment present nearly a line, but the HREE is related rich. The related rich HREE in the surface of suspended sediment is may attributed by the asorbtion of HREE from the water.
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