铝灰高效分离提取及循环利用研究
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摘要
基于资源紧缺、环境污染和经济发展的考虑,资源的再生和利用日益被重视。金属铝的生产和加工过程中会产生铝灰,其含有大量的金属铝,而铝能被多次回收和利用,每次回收所消耗的能量仅为原铝生产的5%。但我国再生铝工业存在着铝回收率较低,二次铝灰不加以利用等缺陷,造成了铝资源的浪费及环境的污染。
本文以包头铝业有限公司的铝灰为研究对象,研究开发了一种新型高效的铝灰分离剂,显著提高了铝的回收率。二次铝灰通过碱液浸出的方式进行处理,基本满足了返回铝电解循环利用的要求。主要实验内容及研究成果包括以下四个方面：
(1)确定了铝灰的基本性质,并通过球磨、筛分,得到不同粒级的铝灰。测定不同粒级铝灰中金属铝的含量,研究了不同粒级铝灰中金属铝分布的变化。研究发现,粒级大于0.9 mm铝灰中金属铝约占金属铝总量的72%；粒度小于0.15 mm的铝灰中金属铝的比重约为12%。
(2)研究开发了一种新型铝灰分离剂的配方。考察了分离剂加入量、温度、Na3AlF6、Al2O3及不同添加剂等对铝回收率的影响。确定了铝灰分离剂的最优配方为：42.5％NaCl、42.5％KCl、10％Na3AlF6、5％CaF2,最佳使用温度为680℃。使用该分离剂配方后,铝回收率可达93.5%。
(3)根据铝灰回收实验室实验的结果设计相关设备,并开展新型铝灰分离剂应用研究的中试试验,试验结果表明：铝灰回收过程中,该分离剂的加入使得铝回收率从71%提高至92%；铝生产过程中,该分离剂的加入使得所产生铝灰中的金属铝含量从45%降低至11%。
(4)本文提出对二次铝灰进行处理的方法。比较了一次水溶液浸出法、二次水溶液浸出法、热球磨浸出法以及碱液浸出法等对二次铝灰中Na、K、Cl、Si元素浸出率的影响。研究发现,碱液浸出法的效果较好,最佳浸出条件为：NaOH浓度1.5 mol/L,浸出温度70℃。Na、K、Cl、Si的浸出率分别为87.4%、79.8%、96.9%、53.2%,基本满足返回铝电解循环利用的要求。
Considering resource shortage, environment pollution and economy development, regenerating aluminum resource has been increasingly concerned. The aluminum ash containing massive metal aluminum will be produced in the process of aluminum production, while aluminum can be recovered and utilized for many times, and the energy consumed in the process of recovery is only 5% of which in production of primary aluminum. However, aluminum recovery through traditional frying ash method in which secondary aluminum ash do not be used anymore is lower, and will cause the waste of aluminum resource and the pollution of environment.
The paper took the aluminum ash from Baotou Aluminum Co. Ltd as study object, developed a novel efficient separation reagent of the aluminum ash which made the aluminum recovery improve remarkably. And the quadratic aluminum ash, which was treated by means of lye leaching, met the requirements of returning electrolyzer and recycling basically. The main experimental contents and results include the following four aspects.
(1) The metal aluminum contents in the aluminum ashes with different particle sizes, which were obtained by ball milling and screening, were measured. And the effect of particle sizes on metal aluminum distribution in the ash was researched. The results showed that, the metal aluminum contents in aluminum ashes with particle sizes above 0.9mm accounted for about 72% in the total metal aluminum amount of all ashes; the rest 12% metal aluminum were in aluminum ashes with particle sizes lower than 0.15mm.
(2) A novel efficient separation reagent of the aluminum ash was researched and developed. The effects of several factors such as addition amount of separation reagent, working temperature, addition amount of Na3AlF6, content of Al2O3 and different additives on aluminum recovery were investigated. The best working temperature of the separation reagent was 680℃. The optimized formula was: 42.5%NaCl,42.5%KCl, 10%Na3AlF6 and 5% CaF2·The aluminum recovery reached 93.5% when employing the formula of the separation reagent in the recovery process of the aluminum ash.
(3) According to the results from laboratory experiments of aluminum ash recycling, related equipments were designed and manufactured, and pilot scale tests of application research of the novel separation reagent were developed. The experimental results showed that, in the recycling process of aluminum ash, the metal aluminum recovery increased to 92% from 71% as addition of the separation reagent; and in the production process of metal aluminum, the content of the metal aluminum in aluminum ash produced was decreased to 11% from 45% as addition of the separation reagent.
(4) The methods of treating the quadratic aluminum ash were first proposed in the paper. The effects of different methods including one-time water leaching process, secondary water leaching process, hot ball-milling leaching process and lye leaching process on leaching rate of elements such as Na, K, Cl and Si were compared. The results showed that the effect of lye leaching process was best, and the optimal process conditions were that the NaOH concentration was 1.5mol/L, the leaching temperature was 70℃. The leaching rate of the elements including Na, K, C and Si were separately 85%,80%,95% and 55%. All of these have met the requirements of returning electrolyzer and recycling basically.
本文以包头铝业有限公司的铝灰为研究对象,研究开发了一种新型高效的铝灰分离剂,显著提高了铝的回收率。二次铝灰通过碱液浸出的方式进行处理,基本满足了返回铝电解循环利用的要求。主要实验内容及研究成果包括以下四个方面：
(1)确定了铝灰的基本性质,并通过球磨、筛分,得到不同粒级的铝灰。测定不同粒级铝灰中金属铝的含量,研究了不同粒级铝灰中金属铝分布的变化。研究发现,粒级大于0.9 mm铝灰中金属铝约占金属铝总量的72%；粒度小于0.15 mm的铝灰中金属铝的比重约为12%。
(2)研究开发了一种新型铝灰分离剂的配方。考察了分离剂加入量、温度、Na3AlF6、Al2O3及不同添加剂等对铝回收率的影响。确定了铝灰分离剂的最优配方为：42.5％NaCl、42.5％KCl、10％Na3AlF6、5％CaF2,最佳使用温度为680℃。使用该分离剂配方后,铝回收率可达93.5%。
(3)根据铝灰回收实验室实验的结果设计相关设备,并开展新型铝灰分离剂应用研究的中试试验,试验结果表明：铝灰回收过程中,该分离剂的加入使得铝回收率从71%提高至92%；铝生产过程中,该分离剂的加入使得所产生铝灰中的金属铝含量从45%降低至11%。
(4)本文提出对二次铝灰进行处理的方法。比较了一次水溶液浸出法、二次水溶液浸出法、热球磨浸出法以及碱液浸出法等对二次铝灰中Na、K、Cl、Si元素浸出率的影响。研究发现,碱液浸出法的效果较好,最佳浸出条件为：NaOH浓度1.5 mol/L,浸出温度70℃。Na、K、Cl、Si的浸出率分别为87.4%、79.8%、96.9%、53.2%,基本满足返回铝电解循环利用的要求。
Considering resource shortage, environment pollution and economy development, regenerating aluminum resource has been increasingly concerned. The aluminum ash containing massive metal aluminum will be produced in the process of aluminum production, while aluminum can be recovered and utilized for many times, and the energy consumed in the process of recovery is only 5% of which in production of primary aluminum. However, aluminum recovery through traditional frying ash method in which secondary aluminum ash do not be used anymore is lower, and will cause the waste of aluminum resource and the pollution of environment.
The paper took the aluminum ash from Baotou Aluminum Co. Ltd as study object, developed a novel efficient separation reagent of the aluminum ash which made the aluminum recovery improve remarkably. And the quadratic aluminum ash, which was treated by means of lye leaching, met the requirements of returning electrolyzer and recycling basically. The main experimental contents and results include the following four aspects.
(1) The metal aluminum contents in the aluminum ashes with different particle sizes, which were obtained by ball milling and screening, were measured. And the effect of particle sizes on metal aluminum distribution in the ash was researched. The results showed that, the metal aluminum contents in aluminum ashes with particle sizes above 0.9mm accounted for about 72% in the total metal aluminum amount of all ashes; the rest 12% metal aluminum were in aluminum ashes with particle sizes lower than 0.15mm.
(2) A novel efficient separation reagent of the aluminum ash was researched and developed. The effects of several factors such as addition amount of separation reagent, working temperature, addition amount of Na3AlF6, content of Al2O3 and different additives on aluminum recovery were investigated. The best working temperature of the separation reagent was 680℃. The optimized formula was: 42.5%NaCl,42.5%KCl, 10%Na3AlF6 and 5% CaF2·The aluminum recovery reached 93.5% when employing the formula of the separation reagent in the recovery process of the aluminum ash.
(3) According to the results from laboratory experiments of aluminum ash recycling, related equipments were designed and manufactured, and pilot scale tests of application research of the novel separation reagent were developed. The experimental results showed that, in the recycling process of aluminum ash, the metal aluminum recovery increased to 92% from 71% as addition of the separation reagent; and in the production process of metal aluminum, the content of the metal aluminum in aluminum ash produced was decreased to 11% from 45% as addition of the separation reagent.
(4) The methods of treating the quadratic aluminum ash were first proposed in the paper. The effects of different methods including one-time water leaching process, secondary water leaching process, hot ball-milling leaching process and lye leaching process on leaching rate of elements such as Na, K, Cl and Si were compared. The results showed that the effect of lye leaching process was best, and the optimal process conditions were that the NaOH concentration was 1.5mol/L, the leaching temperature was 70℃. The leaching rate of the elements including Na, K, C and Si were separately 85%,80%,95% and 55%. All of these have met the requirements of returning electrolyzer and recycling basically.
引文
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