炼铜烟灰水洗料浆脱水工艺及机理研究
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摘要
炼铜烟灰中含有铅、铜、锌、铋、锑等多种有价成分,提高对炼铜烟灰综合利用效率,对我国建设节约型社会,实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。
针对黄石大江集团综合加工厂炼铜烟灰综合回收生产过程中存在的突出问题,对烟灰水洗料浆的脱水进行了系统的研究,并对水洗工艺进行了初步研究。
研究的主要内容是:(1)利用现代分析手段对烟灰的粒度组成、比表面积、密度、形态、组成元素、水溶液体系中颗粒的表面电性质等物料性能进行了全面分析; (2)系统考查了多种助滤剂、温度、过滤方式等对烟灰水洗料浆脱水的影响; (3)初步考查了温度、液固比、pH值对铜、锌等金属元素浸出率的影响; (4)在研究结果的基础上提出了一些技改方案,并进行了工业实验。
得到一些结论并提出了有益的建议:(1)烟灰粒度微细,比表面积大,表面水含量高,这是滤饼水分降低困难的最主要原因; (2)阳离子型表面活性剂、焦炭粉对于降低滤饼水分作用较大; (3)通过对现场水洗加温和板框压滤机增加压力吹风,滤饼水分比改造前大大降低; (4)提高水洗温度、降低pH值等有利于提高金属浸出率。
In the copper-smelting dust includes many kinds of valuable ingredients, such as lead, copper, zinc, bismuth, stibium. Enhancing comprehensive utilization efficiency of the copper-smelting dust, which has vital significance to constructs a conservation-minded society and achieves sustainable development in our country.
According to outstanding problem in comprehensive recycling and production process of Huangshi Dajiang Group, dewatering of copper-smelting dust leaching pulp is researched in this project, and leaching process of leaching technology is preliminarily studied.
This research conclude:(1) Granularity composition, specific surface area, density, configuration, composition element, and surface characteristics in solution are completely analysed by modern analysis method.(2) The influence of many kinds of filter aids , temperature and filter method on dewatering of copper-smelting dust leaching pulp are systemically studied.(3)The influence of temperature, ratio of liquid to solid and pH on leaching ratio of copper and zinc are preliminarily studied.(4) Some technological innovation plans are proposed based on the research results, and industrial experiment have been carried on.
This research obtained some conclusions and put forward some beneficial proposal:(1) The granularity of dust is very tiny, the dust has high specific surface area and surface water, those are the most reasons to hardly reduce moisture content of filter cake.(2)Cationic surfactant and coke are benefic to decrease the moisture gradient of cake.(3)According to increase the temperature of leaching process and pressure of plate-and-frame type filter press, the moisture gradient of cake is decreased contrast to before.(4)Increasing the temperature of leaching process and decreasing pH are benefic to increase leaching efficiency of metal element.
针对黄石大江集团综合加工厂炼铜烟灰综合回收生产过程中存在的突出问题,对烟灰水洗料浆的脱水进行了系统的研究,并对水洗工艺进行了初步研究。
研究的主要内容是:(1)利用现代分析手段对烟灰的粒度组成、比表面积、密度、形态、组成元素、水溶液体系中颗粒的表面电性质等物料性能进行了全面分析; (2)系统考查了多种助滤剂、温度、过滤方式等对烟灰水洗料浆脱水的影响; (3)初步考查了温度、液固比、pH值对铜、锌等金属元素浸出率的影响; (4)在研究结果的基础上提出了一些技改方案,并进行了工业实验。
得到一些结论并提出了有益的建议:(1)烟灰粒度微细,比表面积大,表面水含量高,这是滤饼水分降低困难的最主要原因; (2)阳离子型表面活性剂、焦炭粉对于降低滤饼水分作用较大; (3)通过对现场水洗加温和板框压滤机增加压力吹风,滤饼水分比改造前大大降低; (4)提高水洗温度、降低pH值等有利于提高金属浸出率。
In the copper-smelting dust includes many kinds of valuable ingredients, such as lead, copper, zinc, bismuth, stibium. Enhancing comprehensive utilization efficiency of the copper-smelting dust, which has vital significance to constructs a conservation-minded society and achieves sustainable development in our country.
According to outstanding problem in comprehensive recycling and production process of Huangshi Dajiang Group, dewatering of copper-smelting dust leaching pulp is researched in this project, and leaching process of leaching technology is preliminarily studied.
This research conclude:(1) Granularity composition, specific surface area, density, configuration, composition element, and surface characteristics in solution are completely analysed by modern analysis method.(2) The influence of many kinds of filter aids , temperature and filter method on dewatering of copper-smelting dust leaching pulp are systemically studied.(3)The influence of temperature, ratio of liquid to solid and pH on leaching ratio of copper and zinc are preliminarily studied.(4) Some technological innovation plans are proposed based on the research results, and industrial experiment have been carried on.
This research obtained some conclusions and put forward some beneficial proposal:(1) The granularity of dust is very tiny, the dust has high specific surface area and surface water, those are the most reasons to hardly reduce moisture content of filter cake.(2)Cationic surfactant and coke are benefic to decrease the moisture gradient of cake.(3)According to increase the temperature of leaching process and pressure of plate-and-frame type filter press, the moisture gradient of cake is decreased contrast to before.(4)Increasing the temperature of leaching process and decreasing pH are benefic to increase leaching efficiency of metal element.
引文
[1] 陈茂祺.有色金属工业固体废物综合利用概况[J].矿冶,1997,6(1):82-88.
[2] 国家环境保护局.有色金属工业固体废物治理[M].国家环境科学出版社.1992.
[3] 张华,胡德文.我国二次矿产资源回收利用分析与对策[J].中国矿冶,2003,12(2):48-52.
[4] 傅如心.浅谈冶金行业的粉尘治理与回收[J].矿业快报,2004,11:37-40.
[5] 童志权.工业废气净化与利用[M] .化工工业出版社,2001(1).
[6] 张秋芳,施贤蛟.铜烟灰处理方案探讨[J].有色矿冶。1999(5):54-58.
[7] James M. Ebeling . Performance evaluation of an inclined belt filter using coagulation/flocculation aids for the removal of suspended solids and phosphorus from microscreen backwash effluent [J].Aquacultural Engineering ,16(2):5l-55.
[8] 李琼娥.有色冶炼[J].1991(4):37-40.
[9] Will BA.选矿述评[J].国外金属矿选矿,1986(3):18-19.
[10] 孙玉波.重力选矿[M].冶金工业出版社,1982.
[11] 刘树贻,刘永久.磁选与电选[M].中南矿冶学院出版社,1983.
[12] 罗茜.固液分离[M].冶金工业出版社,1997.
[13] M. Mota. Interference of coarse and fine particles of different shape in mixed porous beds and filter cakes[J]. Minerals Engineering ,2003,16(2):135-144.
[14] Proking SJ.et al. Ironmaking and Steelmaking[J],1985,12(1):14-21.
[15] M. C. Smythe and R. J. Wakeman.The use of acoustic fields as a filtration and dewatering aid [J].Ultrasonics ,2000,38(1):657-661.
[16] 夏倩.我国选矿过滤技术的进展[J].金属矿山,2000(1):6-11.
[17] 卢宜源,宾万达.贵金属冶金学[M].中南工业大学出版社,1996.
[18] 李仲文.电炉炼钢烟尘的综合利用[J].南方金属,2005(2):7-11.
[19] GB/T 3884.8-2000.铜精矿化学分析方法-锌量的测定.
[20] F-CL-YS-KYY-TJK-0008.铜精矿-锌含量的测定-EDTA 滴定法.
[21] 郑忠.表面活性剂的物理化学原理[M].华南理工大学出版社,1995.
[22] Ke Jiajun,Qin Ruiyun and Chen Chiyung. Recovery of Metal Values from Copper Smelter Flue Dust[M]. Hydrometallurgy,1984(2):217-220.
[23] 汪灵,木士春.通用助滤剂及其开发研究现状[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1999,18(4):267-271.
[24] 胡筱敏,罗茜,王常任.大分子表面活性剂的助滤行为与机理[J].矿冶,1996,5(1):40-47.
[25] 曹红红,徐德龙,何秀军,郭振海.用助滤剂降低铁精矿滤饼水分的研究[J].矿冶 工程,2003,23(5):21-23.
[26] 王力.助滤剂的协同效应及在选矿工业中的应用[J].有色金属 (选矿部分),1990(6):26—30.
[27] 李满,徐海宏.药剂对细粒煤脱水的作用分析[J].选煤技术,2003(3):14-17.
[28] 罗廉明,等.铜精矿过滤添加助滤剂的研究[J].金属矿山,1999(11):33-35.
[29] 刘丽芳,邬汉骐.SP505 助滤剂在锂辉矿脱水过程中的应用[J].矿冶工程,1987(1):22-24.
[30] 胡筱敏.化学助滤剂[M].冶金工业出版社,1999.
[31] 王泽民.我国硅藻土助滤剂工业存在的问题及解决途径探讨[J].非金属矿,1993,(2):35-39.
[32] 王泽民.硅藻土助滤剂在水过滤中的应用[J].工业水处理,2000,20(8):4-8.
[33] L·别斯拉等.在某些表面活性剂存在时阴离子聚丙烯酰胺对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝和脱水研究[J].国外金属矿选矿,2003(5):28-3.
[34] 罗中平.助滤剂的研究和应用近况[J].国外金属矿选矿,1988(1):22-27.
[35] 松全年,等.大冶铁矿硫精矿 KF—102 助滤作用机理的研究[J].金属矿山,1999(9):30—38.
[36] 孙体昌,等.铁精矿滤饼水分影响因素的研究[J].矿产综合利用,2000(4):1-4.
[37] 阮胜寿,路永锁.浅议从炼铜电收尘烟灰中综合回收有价金属[J].有色冶炼,2003(6):41-45.
[38] 康晓红,谢慧琴,卢立柱.表面活性剂对锌精矿在浆萃取浸出率的影响[J].矿产综合利用,2002(3):7-9.
[39] K.A. Rabie.Studies on europium separation from a middle rare earth concentrate by in situ zinc reduction technique [J].Separation and Purification Technology,2002,20(4):385-389.
[40] 陈雯,沈强华,王达建,张宗华,陈国木.铜转炉烟尘选冶联合处理新工艺研究[J].有色矿冶,2003,19(3):45-49.
[41] A.J. Monhemius and P.M.Swash. Removing and Stabilizing As from Copper Refining Cireuits by Hydrometall Processing[J].JOM,1999(9):30-33.
[42] 何振永,董喜民,王甲.热压过滤脱水技术[J].过滤与分离,2000,10(1):23-27.
[2] 国家环境保护局.有色金属工业固体废物治理[M].国家环境科学出版社.1992.
[3] 张华,胡德文.我国二次矿产资源回收利用分析与对策[J].中国矿冶,2003,12(2):48-52.
[4] 傅如心.浅谈冶金行业的粉尘治理与回收[J].矿业快报,2004,11:37-40.
[5] 童志权.工业废气净化与利用[M] .化工工业出版社,2001(1).
[6] 张秋芳,施贤蛟.铜烟灰处理方案探讨[J].有色矿冶。1999(5):54-58.
[7] James M. Ebeling . Performance evaluation of an inclined belt filter using coagulation/flocculation aids for the removal of suspended solids and phosphorus from microscreen backwash effluent [J].Aquacultural Engineering ,16(2):5l-55.
[8] 李琼娥.有色冶炼[J].1991(4):37-40.
[9] Will BA.选矿述评[J].国外金属矿选矿,1986(3):18-19.
[10] 孙玉波.重力选矿[M].冶金工业出版社,1982.
[11] 刘树贻,刘永久.磁选与电选[M].中南矿冶学院出版社,1983.
[12] 罗茜.固液分离[M].冶金工业出版社,1997.
[13] M. Mota. Interference of coarse and fine particles of different shape in mixed porous beds and filter cakes[J]. Minerals Engineering ,2003,16(2):135-144.
[14] Proking SJ.et al. Ironmaking and Steelmaking[J],1985,12(1):14-21.
[15] M. C. Smythe and R. J. Wakeman.The use of acoustic fields as a filtration and dewatering aid [J].Ultrasonics ,2000,38(1):657-661.
[16] 夏倩.我国选矿过滤技术的进展[J].金属矿山,2000(1):6-11.
[17] 卢宜源,宾万达.贵金属冶金学[M].中南工业大学出版社,1996.
[18] 李仲文.电炉炼钢烟尘的综合利用[J].南方金属,2005(2):7-11.
[19] GB/T 3884.8-2000.铜精矿化学分析方法-锌量的测定.
[20] F-CL-YS-KYY-TJK-0008.铜精矿-锌含量的测定-EDTA 滴定法.
[21] 郑忠.表面活性剂的物理化学原理[M].华南理工大学出版社,1995.
[22] Ke Jiajun,Qin Ruiyun and Chen Chiyung. Recovery of Metal Values from Copper Smelter Flue Dust[M]. Hydrometallurgy,1984(2):217-220.
[23] 汪灵,木士春.通用助滤剂及其开发研究现状[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1999,18(4):267-271.
[24] 胡筱敏,罗茜,王常任.大分子表面活性剂的助滤行为与机理[J].矿冶,1996,5(1):40-47.
[25] 曹红红,徐德龙,何秀军,郭振海.用助滤剂降低铁精矿滤饼水分的研究[J].矿冶 工程,2003,23(5):21-23.
[26] 王力.助滤剂的协同效应及在选矿工业中的应用[J].有色金属 (选矿部分),1990(6):26—30.
[27] 李满,徐海宏.药剂对细粒煤脱水的作用分析[J].选煤技术,2003(3):14-17.
[28] 罗廉明,等.铜精矿过滤添加助滤剂的研究[J].金属矿山,1999(11):33-35.
[29] 刘丽芳,邬汉骐.SP505 助滤剂在锂辉矿脱水过程中的应用[J].矿冶工程,1987(1):22-24.
[30] 胡筱敏.化学助滤剂[M].冶金工业出版社,1999.
[31] 王泽民.我国硅藻土助滤剂工业存在的问题及解决途径探讨[J].非金属矿,1993,(2):35-39.
[32] 王泽民.硅藻土助滤剂在水过滤中的应用[J].工业水处理,2000,20(8):4-8.
[33] L·别斯拉等.在某些表面活性剂存在时阴离子聚丙烯酰胺对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝和脱水研究[J].国外金属矿选矿,2003(5):28-3.
[34] 罗中平.助滤剂的研究和应用近况[J].国外金属矿选矿,1988(1):22-27.
[35] 松全年,等.大冶铁矿硫精矿 KF—102 助滤作用机理的研究[J].金属矿山,1999(9):30—38.
[36] 孙体昌,等.铁精矿滤饼水分影响因素的研究[J].矿产综合利用,2000(4):1-4.
[37] 阮胜寿,路永锁.浅议从炼铜电收尘烟灰中综合回收有价金属[J].有色冶炼,2003(6):41-45.
[38] 康晓红,谢慧琴,卢立柱.表面活性剂对锌精矿在浆萃取浸出率的影响[J].矿产综合利用,2002(3):7-9.
[39] K.A. Rabie.Studies on europium separation from a middle rare earth concentrate by in situ zinc reduction technique [J].Separation and Purification Technology,2002,20(4):385-389.
[40] 陈雯,沈强华,王达建,张宗华,陈国木.铜转炉烟尘选冶联合处理新工艺研究[J].有色矿冶,2003,19(3):45-49.
[41] A.J. Monhemius and P.M.Swash. Removing and Stabilizing As from Copper Refining Cireuits by Hydrometall Processing[J].JOM,1999(9):30-33.
[42] 何振永,董喜民,王甲.热压过滤脱水技术[J].过滤与分离,2000,10(1):23-27.