泉州湾沉积物粒度和元素组成特征及其沉积环境意义
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摘要
本论文依托台海横向课题《金门海岸防护对策暨渔村海岸复育可行性研究》,通过对泉州湾底质调查所获沉积物样品进行系统的粒度和地球化学分析,阐述了研究区沉积物粒度参数特征和元素分布特征,进而探讨了粒度参数及元素组合特征所反映的现代沉积动力环境。
研究区内砂是最主要的沉积物类型。砂的频率直方图以推移组分为主,含量在95%以上;粉砂和粘土质粉砂以跃移组分为主,第二跃移组分大于第一跃移组;砂质粉砂以跃移和悬浮组分为主,第一跃移组分大于第二跃移组分,频率直方图表现为三峰。沉积物元素组成以SiO_2和Al_2O_3含量为最高,两者之和占总化学成分的69.97%～85.59%不等,说明沉积物的化学成分以硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐为主。
口门内和口门外的大部分海域的沉积物粒径较粗,搬运方式以推移为主。口门和大坠岛的西北海域的沉积物类型多样,悬浮搬运比重增加。以上两区物质来源多为陆源碎屑,前者富集SiO_2、K_2O、Nb、Zr,其余大部分元素含量较低后者富集Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO、P、Mn、Ti、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co等。各化学分区具有独特的元素分布特征,与根据粒度划分的沉积动力环境分区具有较好的一致性。
依据沉积物粒度特征将研究区划分为3个沉积环境亚类:Ⅰ类沉积区,沉积物主要为砂质,指示了强水动力条件下的高能环境;Ⅱ类沉积区,沉积物主要是粘土质粉砂,指示了潮流为主的水动力条件;Ⅲ类沉积区,沉积物主要是砂质粉砂,指示了复杂的水动力条件。
研究区元素的R型因子分析表明,泉州湾沉积物主要来自陆源碎屑矿物,而沉积水动力对陆源碎屑的输运、分选和改造作用则是导致研究区沉积物粒度和元素地球化学组成空间分异性的主导因素,另外人为改造也在一定程度上影响着底质沉积物元素地球化学的分异性。
Sedimentary environment in the estuary is a key problem of modern sedimentation research.This paper relies on the horizontal subject with Taiwan,which named FEASIBILITY STUDY OF COASTAL PROTECTION AND RESTORATION IN QUEMOY(JIN-MEN).By analyzing the granularity and geochemical characteristics of the investigated sediment,which are derived from contiguous sea regions of Quanzhou estuary,we depicted Granularity parameters and distribution characteristics,and made further studies on the transportation action of the sediments,enrichment rules of elements,and elements distribution controlling factors.Then the modern depositional dynamic environment has been discussed in this paper on the basis of the granularity parameters and the elements combination characteristics.
Sand is the major sediment type in study area.Histogram to the frequency of sand over the main component,the content in more than 95%;clayey silt and silty sand saltation separation of components from different linear sections,the second component is greater than saltation saltation the first group;Sandy silt to saltation and suspension components in the first than the second component saltation saitation component,frequency histogram sambong performance.Elements in the sediment SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 content in the highest,the total chemical composition of the total of 69.97%～85.59%range on the chemical composition of sediments in the main silicate and aluminum silicate.
Inside and outside of estuary the most mouth waters coarse sediment particle size, handling time-based approach to.Entrance doors and falling waters of the island's north-west of sediment types,including clayey silt,sandy silt and a small portion of the sand,silty sand,increase the proportion of suspended transport.Source material for more than two regions for land-based sources of debris,the former enriched SiO_2, K_2O,Nb,Zr,most of the remaining elements of the latter low-enriched Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3, MgO,P,Mn,Ti,Pb,Zn,Cr,Co,Ni,V.Each chemical element has a unique geographical distribution,divided in accordance with the deposition of particle dynamic environment with a better consistency Division.
The modern sedimentary environment in Quanzhou Estuary can be classified into three types based on the characteristics of sediments granularity.Ⅰtype of sedimentary cover all areas of sandy,silty sand deposition areas,are under strong hydrodynamic conditions of the high-energy environment;Ⅱtype deposits sediment type is clayey silt,the complexity of the hydrodynamic condition is relatively sTablele but moderate;Ⅲtype deposition mere value of the cumulative probability map from the four sections of a straight line,double jump may be associated with the emergence of waves and the scouring effect of the return,on behalf of a strong role in the election of Britain waves,normally found in beach sand.
The result of element analysis by R-factor of study area shows that sediments of Quanzhou estuary most likely come from terrigenous clastic.The dominant factors which make the difference of the granularity and geochemical characteristics and its spatial distribution are transportation,sorting and transformation effect by hydrodynamic.In addition,man-made alteration is a certain extent of geochemical spatial distribution.
研究区内砂是最主要的沉积物类型。砂的频率直方图以推移组分为主,含量在95%以上;粉砂和粘土质粉砂以跃移组分为主,第二跃移组分大于第一跃移组;砂质粉砂以跃移和悬浮组分为主,第一跃移组分大于第二跃移组分,频率直方图表现为三峰。沉积物元素组成以SiO_2和Al_2O_3含量为最高,两者之和占总化学成分的69.97%～85.59%不等,说明沉积物的化学成分以硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐为主。
口门内和口门外的大部分海域的沉积物粒径较粗,搬运方式以推移为主。口门和大坠岛的西北海域的沉积物类型多样,悬浮搬运比重增加。以上两区物质来源多为陆源碎屑,前者富集SiO_2、K_2O、Nb、Zr,其余大部分元素含量较低后者富集Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MgO、P、Mn、Ti、Pb、Zn、Cr、Co等。各化学分区具有独特的元素分布特征,与根据粒度划分的沉积动力环境分区具有较好的一致性。
依据沉积物粒度特征将研究区划分为3个沉积环境亚类:Ⅰ类沉积区,沉积物主要为砂质,指示了强水动力条件下的高能环境;Ⅱ类沉积区,沉积物主要是粘土质粉砂,指示了潮流为主的水动力条件;Ⅲ类沉积区,沉积物主要是砂质粉砂,指示了复杂的水动力条件。
研究区元素的R型因子分析表明,泉州湾沉积物主要来自陆源碎屑矿物,而沉积水动力对陆源碎屑的输运、分选和改造作用则是导致研究区沉积物粒度和元素地球化学组成空间分异性的主导因素,另外人为改造也在一定程度上影响着底质沉积物元素地球化学的分异性。
Sedimentary environment in the estuary is a key problem of modern sedimentation research.This paper relies on the horizontal subject with Taiwan,which named FEASIBILITY STUDY OF COASTAL PROTECTION AND RESTORATION IN QUEMOY(JIN-MEN).By analyzing the granularity and geochemical characteristics of the investigated sediment,which are derived from contiguous sea regions of Quanzhou estuary,we depicted Granularity parameters and distribution characteristics,and made further studies on the transportation action of the sediments,enrichment rules of elements,and elements distribution controlling factors.Then the modern depositional dynamic environment has been discussed in this paper on the basis of the granularity parameters and the elements combination characteristics.
Sand is the major sediment type in study area.Histogram to the frequency of sand over the main component,the content in more than 95%;clayey silt and silty sand saltation separation of components from different linear sections,the second component is greater than saltation saltation the first group;Sandy silt to saltation and suspension components in the first than the second component saltation saitation component,frequency histogram sambong performance.Elements in the sediment SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 content in the highest,the total chemical composition of the total of 69.97%～85.59%range on the chemical composition of sediments in the main silicate and aluminum silicate.
Inside and outside of estuary the most mouth waters coarse sediment particle size, handling time-based approach to.Entrance doors and falling waters of the island's north-west of sediment types,including clayey silt,sandy silt and a small portion of the sand,silty sand,increase the proportion of suspended transport.Source material for more than two regions for land-based sources of debris,the former enriched SiO_2, K_2O,Nb,Zr,most of the remaining elements of the latter low-enriched Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3, MgO,P,Mn,Ti,Pb,Zn,Cr,Co,Ni,V.Each chemical element has a unique geographical distribution,divided in accordance with the deposition of particle dynamic environment with a better consistency Division.
The modern sedimentary environment in Quanzhou Estuary can be classified into three types based on the characteristics of sediments granularity.Ⅰtype of sedimentary cover all areas of sandy,silty sand deposition areas,are under strong hydrodynamic conditions of the high-energy environment;Ⅱtype deposits sediment type is clayey silt,the complexity of the hydrodynamic condition is relatively sTablele but moderate;Ⅲtype deposition mere value of the cumulative probability map from the four sections of a straight line,double jump may be associated with the emergence of waves and the scouring effect of the return,on behalf of a strong role in the election of Britain waves,normally found in beach sand.
The result of element analysis by R-factor of study area shows that sediments of Quanzhou estuary most likely come from terrigenous clastic.The dominant factors which make the difference of the granularity and geochemical characteristics and its spatial distribution are transportation,sorting and transformation effect by hydrodynamic.In addition,man-made alteration is a certain extent of geochemical spatial distribution.
引文
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[5]何起祥.沉积地球科学的历史回顾与展望[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):10-18.
[6]何起祥.中国海洋沉积地质学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[7]Gabriel P J,Juan A M,Borrego J,et al.Evolution of estuarine facies in a tidal channel environment;SW Spain:evidence for a change from tide-to wave-domination.[J]Marine Geology;1998;147:43-62.
[8]Buynevich I.V.,FitzGerald,D.M.Textural and compositional characterization of recent sediments along a paraglacial estuarine coastline,Maine,USA[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,56(1):139-153.
[9]蓝先洪.中国近岸海域的沉积环境地球化学[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(2):1-4.
[10]Grossman E E,Eittreim S L,Field M E,et al.Shallow stratigraphy and sedimentation history during high-frequency sea-level changes on the central California shelf[J].Continental Shelf Research,2006,26(10):1217-1239.
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[12]Gao S,Collins M.Analysis of grain size trends for defining sediment transport pathways in marine environments[J].Coastal Res.v.10,1994:70-78.
[13]肖尚斌,李安春,蒋富清,等.近2 ka来东海内陆架的泥质沉积记录及其气候意义[J]. 科学通报.2004.49(21):2233-2238.
[14]程鹏,高抒.北黄海西部海底沉积物的粒度特征和净输运趋势[J].海洋与湖沼.2000,31(6):604-610.
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