天津市建设节水型社会研究
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摘要
水是生命之源,是经济社会可持续发展的基础,水危机也是未来20年中国全面实现小康社会目标所面临的重大挑战之一,水资源短缺已经成为经济发展和社会进步的主要制约因素。天津市处于严重缺水的海河流域,属于资源型缺水城市,人均水资源占有量仅有160立方米,远低于世界公认的人均占有量1000立方米的缺水警戒线,供需矛盾十分突出,水资源承载能力低已成为影响和制约经济社会发展的主要因素之一。
    本文在全面分析天津市水资源供需关系的基础上,提出为解决缺水问题、消除障碍因素,支持经济社会可持续发展,把天津市建设成节水型社会已成为当务之急、必由之路。本文对天津市建设节水型社会作了总体规划,提出总体目标和总体布局,并通过开源工程措施、节水措施、水源配置和水源保护及水污染防治措施等途径逐步实施;为建设节水型社会,需要采取以下保障措施:(一)加强领导,为节水型社会建设提供组织保障;(二)政策支持;(三)建立多元化投资体制;(四)运用水权理论,明晰用水权;(五)制定科学合理的供水预案。
    建设节水型社会是解决缺水问题最根本、最有效的战略措施,是体现科学发展观的必然选择。通过建设节水型社会,使水资源利用效率得到提高,生态环境得到改善,可持续发展能力不断增强,促进人与自然的和谐相处,从而推动全社会走上经济增长、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。
Life is derived from water, which is the basis for the sustainable development of economy and society. Meanwhile, water crisis is becoming the biggest challenge we will face in intending two decades during which we are forwarding to the goal of modern society, in addition the shortage of water resources have been become the main restrict factor in economic development and social advancement. Tianjin, one of the water-shortage cities in china, is located in Haihe drainage area which is short of water seriously, the average possess of water resource for each person is only 160 stere, which is far below the water shortage alertness line of 1000 stere that is recognized in world wide range. As a result, the conflict of water supply and requirement is very extrusive, and the low carrying capacity of water resources is becoming one of the main factors that affect and restrict the development of economic society.
    On the basis of analyzing the relationship between water supply and requirement in Tianjin roundly, this paper presents that it will be an urgent affair and the only way to solve water-shortage problem, to eliminate the obstacle factors and to support the sustainable development in economy and society in order to make Tianjin into a water-saving society. Besides this, this paper also makes out the general layout for the construction and put forward the general goal and layout that can be bring into effect according to taking methods such as searching resources, saving water, configuring water source protecting, water source preventing water pollution , and so on. In order to establish a water-saving society, some guarantee measure mentioned below should be taken:
    Enhancing the leading to provide organization guarantee;
    Supporing of policy;
    Establishing a all-round investment system;
    Making clear the privilege of water-using according to the theory of water-using right;
    Making out a scientific and reasonable scheme for water supplying.
    To establish a water-saving society is the most essential and effective strategic method to solve the water shortage problem, and also is the necessary choice embodying the scientific development concept. By establishing a water-saving society, we can increase the using efficiency of water resource, improve the water entironment, buildup the sustainable development abilities, accelerate the living together concordantly between human being and nature, to improve the whole society to walk up into a civilized development way with increasing economy, affluent living and better zoology.
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