缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞单元数值模拟理论与方法研究
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摘要
世界已探明储量中碳酸盐岩油气藏储量约占50%,产量占60%以上,具有非常重要的地位。碳酸盐岩油藏和砂岩油藏由于沉积成因不同,在地质特征和开发动态方面都存在着很大的差异。
塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明,其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝,储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性,形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合,将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类;研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关;多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态,由此提出了所谓的“瓶子模型”,解释生产过程中油水界面的变化;特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性,为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征,提出了“缝洞单元”的概念,并制定了“缝洞单元”纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法,并对“缝洞单元”进行了分类和评价;基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究,提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案,通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效,建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型,采用不完全LU(DKR)分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解;在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上,将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合,建立了S48单元的地质模型;通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究,建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型;最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟,通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律,取得了很好的拟合效果;结合数值模拟结果,分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量,认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中,所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统,其底水能量属于较充足的类型;模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好,说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。
通过一系列的研究,为今后缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟提供了理论方法、技术和工具。
Of the petroleum reserves in the world about 50% is in the carbonate reservoirs and more than 60% of the produced oil is from them which hold a very important position. Due to the difference of the deposition of the carbonate reservoirs and sandy reservoirs, the characteristic of the formations and the dynamic phenomena of the production are also different.
The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the“Bottle Model”was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.
Through a series of research the theories, technologies and tools were provided for the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.
塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明,其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝,储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性,形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合,将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类;研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关;多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态,由此提出了所谓的“瓶子模型”,解释生产过程中油水界面的变化;特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性,为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征,提出了“缝洞单元”的概念,并制定了“缝洞单元”纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法,并对“缝洞单元”进行了分类和评价;基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究,提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案,通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效,建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型,采用不完全LU(DKR)分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解;在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上,将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合,建立了S48单元的地质模型;通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究,建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型;最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟,通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律,取得了很好的拟合效果;结合数值模拟结果,分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量,认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中,所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统,其底水能量属于较充足的类型;模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好,说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。
通过一系列的研究,为今后缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟提供了理论方法、技术和工具。
Of the petroleum reserves in the world about 50% is in the carbonate reservoirs and more than 60% of the produced oil is from them which hold a very important position. Due to the difference of the deposition of the carbonate reservoirs and sandy reservoirs, the characteristic of the formations and the dynamic phenomena of the production are also different.
The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the“Bottle Model”was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.
Through a series of research the theories, technologies and tools were provided for the fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.
引文
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