光伏并网逆变器的研究与应用
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摘要
随着社会经济的发展,能源的日益减少和环境污染成为当代社会关注的重大问题,太阳能资源作为一种可再生清洁能源,使得光伏发电技术越来越受到人们的青睐。科学技术的进步,太阳能控制系统性能的提高,特别是在光伏逆变器技术上的飞速发展,成本的降低,使得光伏产业在世界范围内有着广阔的市场前景,因此,研究光伏并网逆变器有着重要的意义。
本文对两级式三相并网光伏逆变器进行了详细的研究。首先对逆变器前级升压部分的原理与作用进行阐述,并介绍在升压部分进行太阳能最大功率点的多种控制方法,得出在光伏系统的升压部分使用扰动观察法进行最大功率控制具有控制简单、控制参数少的优点,分析了其控制过程。然后对光伏逆变器的后级逆变部分进行分析,详细研究了三相电压源型SPWM逆变器技术,阐述了三相逆变器的工作原理和工作过程,根据光伏系统的特性,对并网电压型逆变器采用电流控制策略,采用电流内环,电压外环的闭环控制方式后,使得系统具有良好的稳定的控制性能。在此基础上,对光伏逆变器孤岛效应进行了分析。
最后,在理论分析和系统设计的基础上,对太阳能逆变器进行硬件和软件设计,包括：主电路功率器件的选择,滤波电感的设计,控制回路、采样电路、保护电路等,并对最大功率点的控制和SPWM的DSP实现进行软件设计,对系统进行调试实验,分析实验结果,证明该光伏逆变系统并网后电压与电流同相位,功率因数为1,并网成功。
图[39]表[1]参[40]
As social and economic development, energy reduction and environmental pollution increasingly become the major issues of society. Solar energy resources as a renewable clean energy, it makes people concerned about the photovoltaic technology. Scientific and technological progress, improvement performance of solar control systems, especially in the photovoltaic inverter technology rapid development and cost reduction, makes the worldwide PV industry have broad market prospects. Therefore the study of PV grid-connected inverter has an important significance.
In this paper, three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverter carried out a detailed study. First of all, set out the principles and the role of boost circuit in the inverter, and describes a variety of control methods of the solar maximum power point tracking. In the photovoltaic system, using the observation and disturbance method makes maximum power point tracking control simple, and have the advantages of fewer control parameters, then analysis its control processes. Next, analysis PV inverter detaily and three-phase voltage source SPWM inverter technology, describes the working principle of three-phase inverter and the work processes. According to the characteristics of PV systems, the grid voltage-type inverter use current control strategies. With current-voltage double-loop control mode, make the system has good control performance. On this basis, island effect were analyzed in the PV inverter system
Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and system design, design inverter hardware and software design, which are included the choice of the main circuit power device, filter inductor design, control loop, the sampling circuit, protection circuit, maximum power point tracking control and SPWM software design in the DSP. After debugging the system test and analyzing the experimental results, the correctness and feasibility of the PV inverter system can be proved.
Figure [39] table [1] reference [40]
本文对两级式三相并网光伏逆变器进行了详细的研究。首先对逆变器前级升压部分的原理与作用进行阐述,并介绍在升压部分进行太阳能最大功率点的多种控制方法,得出在光伏系统的升压部分使用扰动观察法进行最大功率控制具有控制简单、控制参数少的优点,分析了其控制过程。然后对光伏逆变器的后级逆变部分进行分析,详细研究了三相电压源型SPWM逆变器技术,阐述了三相逆变器的工作原理和工作过程,根据光伏系统的特性,对并网电压型逆变器采用电流控制策略,采用电流内环,电压外环的闭环控制方式后,使得系统具有良好的稳定的控制性能。在此基础上,对光伏逆变器孤岛效应进行了分析。
最后,在理论分析和系统设计的基础上,对太阳能逆变器进行硬件和软件设计,包括：主电路功率器件的选择,滤波电感的设计,控制回路、采样电路、保护电路等,并对最大功率点的控制和SPWM的DSP实现进行软件设计,对系统进行调试实验,分析实验结果,证明该光伏逆变系统并网后电压与电流同相位,功率因数为1,并网成功。
图[39]表[1]参[40]
As social and economic development, energy reduction and environmental pollution increasingly become the major issues of society. Solar energy resources as a renewable clean energy, it makes people concerned about the photovoltaic technology. Scientific and technological progress, improvement performance of solar control systems, especially in the photovoltaic inverter technology rapid development and cost reduction, makes the worldwide PV industry have broad market prospects. Therefore the study of PV grid-connected inverter has an important significance.
In this paper, three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverter carried out a detailed study. First of all, set out the principles and the role of boost circuit in the inverter, and describes a variety of control methods of the solar maximum power point tracking. In the photovoltaic system, using the observation and disturbance method makes maximum power point tracking control simple, and have the advantages of fewer control parameters, then analysis its control processes. Next, analysis PV inverter detaily and three-phase voltage source SPWM inverter technology, describes the working principle of three-phase inverter and the work processes. According to the characteristics of PV systems, the grid voltage-type inverter use current control strategies. With current-voltage double-loop control mode, make the system has good control performance. On this basis, island effect were analyzed in the PV inverter system
Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis and system design, design inverter hardware and software design, which are included the choice of the main circuit power device, filter inductor design, control loop, the sampling circuit, protection circuit, maximum power point tracking control and SPWM software design in the DSP. After debugging the system test and analyzing the experimental results, the correctness and feasibility of the PV inverter system can be proved.
Figure [39] table [1] reference [40]
引文
[1]王长贵,王斯成太阳能光伏发电技术[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2009.9
[2]宋金莲,赵慧 太阳能发电原理与应用[M]北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.7
[3]吴财福,张健轩等太阳能光伏并网发电及照明系统[M]北京：科学出版社,2009.11
[4]滨川圭弘,太阳能光伏电池及其应用[M]北京：2008.9
[5]刘宏,吴达成等家用太阳能光伏电源系统[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2007.3
[6]罗运俊,何梓年等太阳能利用技术[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2005.1
[7]王树变频调速系统设计与应用[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2005.6
[8]汪进进,光伏并网控制方法和系统的研究[D],合肥,合肥工业大学,2002
[9]赵争鸣,刘建政等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M],北京：科学出版社,2005
[10]高峰,孙成权,刘全根.我国太阳能开发利用的现状和建议团,能量工程,1999,1：1-4
[11]陈哲良,我国阳光发电技术面临的问题和对策[J].能量工程,1999,1：5-7
[12]李安定,太阳能光伏发电系统工程[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社,2001
[13]刘飞云,韦忠朝,吴建华,一种新型推挽正激DC/DC变换器研究[J].通信电源技术,2003(6)：17-19,28.
[14]Fanghua Zhang, Haihong Qin, Huizhen Wang, YangguangYan. Freewheeling Current in Push-pull Forward Converter[C]. In:IEEE PESC'03,2003(1),pp.353-358.
[15]汪飞,可再生能源并网逆变器的研究[M].浙江大学,2005
[16]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M]浙江大学出版社,2002
[17]陈光华,电压源电流型PWM逆变器,电力电子技术,1996(4)：39-41
[18]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平,锁相技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[19]郑君里,应启,杨为理.信号与系统[M].高等教育出版社,2001
[20]M.E.Ropp. Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol.14, September 1999
[21]A. Kotsopoulos. islanding behavior of grid-connected PV inverters operating under different control schemes[J] IEEE 2002
[22]Gonzalez, S.; Bonn, R.; Ginn, J.; Removing Barriers to Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE,15-22 Sept.2000.
[23]Tae-Yeop Kim; Ho-Gyun Ahn; Seung Kyu Park, etc, A novel maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic power system under rapidly changing solar radiation, Industrial Electronics,2001. Proceedings. ISIS2001. IEEE International Symposium on, Volume:2,12-16 June 2001 Page(s):1011-1014.
[24]Ropp, M.E.; Begovic, M.; Rohatgi, A.; Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, Volume:14 Issue:3, Sept.1999,Page(s):810-816.
[25]陈坚,电力电子学——电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社2001
[26]黄俊,王兆安,电力电子技术[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2001
[27]王飞,余世杰,苏建徽,沈玉梁.采用最大功率点跟踪的光伏并网逆变器研究[J]..电力电子技术,2004,38(5)：4-5
[28]鹿婷,段善旭,康勇逆变器并网的孤岛检测方法闭.通信电源技术,2006,
[29]许颇,张崇,张兴.三相光伏并网逆变器控制及其反孤岛效应明.合肥工业大学学报：自然科学版,2006,29(9)：1139-1143
[30]黄飞,太阳能利用前景广阔.农村能源,2002,02
[31]国内外太阳电池和光伏发电的进展与前景.科普资料汇编,2006,3
[32]陈道炼,DC—AC逆变技术及其应用.机械工业出版社,2003,11
[33]陈兴峰,曹志峰,焦在强,许洪华基于DSP的20kw单相并网光伏逆变器.电气应用2005,08
[34]汪飞,可再生能源并网逆变器的研究[M],浙江大学,2005
[35]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M]浙江大学出版社,2002
[36]陈光华,电压源电流型PWM逆变器,电力电子技术,1996(4)：39-41
[37]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平,锁相技术[M],西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[38]郑君里,应启,杨为理,信号与系统[M],高等教育出版社,2001
[39]刘和平,王维俊,江渝,邓力等TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[40]余发山,郑征,王清灵,李辉,王玉中,自动控制系统[M],中国矿业大学出版社,2005。
[2]宋金莲,赵慧 太阳能发电原理与应用[M]北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.7
[3]吴财福,张健轩等太阳能光伏并网发电及照明系统[M]北京：科学出版社,2009.11
[4]滨川圭弘,太阳能光伏电池及其应用[M]北京：2008.9
[5]刘宏,吴达成等家用太阳能光伏电源系统[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2007.3
[6]罗运俊,何梓年等太阳能利用技术[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2005.1
[7]王树变频调速系统设计与应用[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2005.6
[8]汪进进,光伏并网控制方法和系统的研究[D],合肥,合肥工业大学,2002
[9]赵争鸣,刘建政等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M],北京：科学出版社,2005
[10]高峰,孙成权,刘全根.我国太阳能开发利用的现状和建议团,能量工程,1999,1：1-4
[11]陈哲良,我国阳光发电技术面临的问题和对策[J].能量工程,1999,1：5-7
[12]李安定,太阳能光伏发电系统工程[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社,2001
[13]刘飞云,韦忠朝,吴建华,一种新型推挽正激DC/DC变换器研究[J].通信电源技术,2003(6)：17-19,28.
[14]Fanghua Zhang, Haihong Qin, Huizhen Wang, YangguangYan. Freewheeling Current in Push-pull Forward Converter[C]. In:IEEE PESC'03,2003(1),pp.353-358.
[15]汪飞,可再生能源并网逆变器的研究[M].浙江大学,2005
[16]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M]浙江大学出版社,2002
[17]陈光华,电压源电流型PWM逆变器,电力电子技术,1996(4)：39-41
[18]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平,锁相技术[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[19]郑君里,应启,杨为理.信号与系统[M].高等教育出版社,2001
[20]M.E.Ropp. Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol.14, September 1999
[21]A. Kotsopoulos. islanding behavior of grid-connected PV inverters operating under different control schemes[J] IEEE 2002
[22]Gonzalez, S.; Bonn, R.; Ginn, J.; Removing Barriers to Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE,15-22 Sept.2000.
[23]Tae-Yeop Kim; Ho-Gyun Ahn; Seung Kyu Park, etc, A novel maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic power system under rapidly changing solar radiation, Industrial Electronics,2001. Proceedings. ISIS2001. IEEE International Symposium on, Volume:2,12-16 June 2001 Page(s):1011-1014.
[24]Ropp, M.E.; Begovic, M.; Rohatgi, A.; Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, Volume:14 Issue:3, Sept.1999,Page(s):810-816.
[25]陈坚,电力电子学——电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社2001
[26]黄俊,王兆安,电力电子技术[M]北京：机械工业出版社,2001
[27]王飞,余世杰,苏建徽,沈玉梁.采用最大功率点跟踪的光伏并网逆变器研究[J]..电力电子技术,2004,38(5)：4-5
[28]鹿婷,段善旭,康勇逆变器并网的孤岛检测方法闭.通信电源技术,2006,
[29]许颇,张崇,张兴.三相光伏并网逆变器控制及其反孤岛效应明.合肥工业大学学报：自然科学版,2006,29(9)：1139-1143
[30]黄飞,太阳能利用前景广阔.农村能源,2002,02
[31]国内外太阳电池和光伏发电的进展与前景.科普资料汇编,2006,3
[32]陈道炼,DC—AC逆变技术及其应用.机械工业出版社,2003,11
[33]陈兴峰,曹志峰,焦在强,许洪华基于DSP的20kw单相并网光伏逆变器.电气应用2005,08
[34]汪飞,可再生能源并网逆变器的研究[M],浙江大学,2005
[35]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M]浙江大学出版社,2002
[36]陈光华,电压源电流型PWM逆变器,电力电子技术,1996(4)：39-41
[37]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平,锁相技术[M],西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[38]郑君里,应启,杨为理,信号与系统[M],高等教育出版社,2001
[39]刘和平,王维俊,江渝,邓力等TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[40]余发山,郑征,王清灵,李辉,王玉中,自动控制系统[M],中国矿业大学出版社,2005。