平面光波器件芯片测试技术研究
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摘要
在平面光波器件(PLC)的研制过程中,芯片测试与设计和制作处于同等重要的地位。单模光纤与PLC芯片的耦合技术和测试系统建立、调试是测试技术研究的主要问题。本文在深入研究、分析几种耦合方案的基础上,提出使用锥形透镜光纤(TLF)可以实现与带有模斑转换器的波导芯片的高效耦合。利用射线理论和经验公式给出了TLF基模光斑和发散角;并用BPM法仿真了同样条件下的光场传输,模拟得出TLF出射基模光斑的大小;最终对TLF样品作物理实验得到实测数据,计算出这两个参数;理论、数值分析和实验测试结果有着良好的一致。分析了TLF与PLC不同间距的耦合过程,确定了最佳纵向耦合间距。介绍了基于双通衍射光栅的光谱分析仪和基于扫描零差干涉法的光子全参数分析仪的测试原理,从光纤熔接和器件连接引入的不确定性、光电探测单元的不确定性、被测器件的偏振相关性、光的干涉、光源波长的不确定性等方面对测试系统进行误差分析。使用基于FD-BPM的光学计算软件仿真设计了Y型分路器(单个Y结和Y结阵列)。给出了Y结的绝热条件。实测谐振腔型滤波器和Y型分路器,并分析了测试与数值仿真结果之间存在误差的原因:测试系统中光纤与器件的耦合误差、器件加工工艺条件限制、物理参数的经验取值和二维数值仿真的近似性。最后提出了包括理论工作和数值分析技术、设计工作、测试工作在内的下一步工作设想。
Fiber-optic test and measurement on planar lightwave circuit components is the same important procedure as computation and fabrication. The coupling between single mode fiber and PLC chip, the construction ,adjustment, and analysis of test system are two vital issues test technology concerns. Tapered lensed fiber(TLF)can couples optical energy into PLCs integrated with spot size converter high-efficiently. The output mode field diameter(MFD)and divergence angle are predicted by empirical equations, simulated by finite-difference beam propagation method(FD-BPM)numeric tool, and experimentally observed. They are consistent. The coupling between SMF and PLC is investigated and optimum displacement is calculated out. Optical spectrum analyzer(OSA)based on double-pass diffraction grating and photonic all-parameter analyzer based on swept homodyne interferometry(SHI)are illustrated. Uncertainties caused by fiber-component connectivity, power meter, polarization, optical interference, and optical sources are thoroughly demonstrated. Single and arrayed Y-splitters are simulated and deigned. Adiabaticity criteria of branching angle is depicted. Resonant optical filters and Y-splitters are tested in self-constructed measurement system based on the combination of OSA and EELED(Edge Emitting LED). The reasons for measurement differences from computations are given out: the coupling efficiency between TLF and PLC, manufacturing arts, approximation of physical parameters, and simulation on two dimension scale. Finally plan of further research on numeric analysis technique, designing, testing, etc. is put forward.
Fiber-optic test and measurement on planar lightwave circuit components is the same important procedure as computation and fabrication. The coupling between single mode fiber and PLC chip, the construction ,adjustment, and analysis of test system are two vital issues test technology concerns. Tapered lensed fiber(TLF)can couples optical energy into PLCs integrated with spot size converter high-efficiently. The output mode field diameter(MFD)and divergence angle are predicted by empirical equations, simulated by finite-difference beam propagation method(FD-BPM)numeric tool, and experimentally observed. They are consistent. The coupling between SMF and PLC is investigated and optimum displacement is calculated out. Optical spectrum analyzer(OSA)based on double-pass diffraction grating and photonic all-parameter analyzer based on swept homodyne interferometry(SHI)are illustrated. Uncertainties caused by fiber-component connectivity, power meter, polarization, optical interference, and optical sources are thoroughly demonstrated. Single and arrayed Y-splitters are simulated and deigned. Adiabaticity criteria of branching angle is depicted. Resonant optical filters and Y-splitters are tested in self-constructed measurement system based on the combination of OSA and EELED(Edge Emitting LED). The reasons for measurement differences from computations are given out: the coupling efficiency between TLF and PLC, manufacturing arts, approximation of physical parameters, and simulation on two dimension scale. Finally plan of further research on numeric analysis technique, designing, testing, etc. is put forward.
引文
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S.K.Mondal,Frank G.Shi. Optimization of fiber-laser coupling with respect to both the coupling efficiency and carrier-to-noise ratio:a novel design[C]. IEEE Electronic Components and technology,2002. 1-4
Bernard. 使用NI LabWindows/CVI、PXI、运动控制及机器视觉产品进行自动光纤校准[DB/OL]. http://ni.com/success
Lionel C.Kimerling. Fiber-to-Waveguide Coupling and packing[EB/OL]. http://web.mit.edu/mpc/www,2002-01-01
王志军. 光网络技术及其发展趋势[J/OL]. http://opticalfibernews.com/thesis6.asp,2001-06-19
王启明. 光网络与光子集成的发展(上)[J]. 电子产品世界,2001(4B):7-10
王启明. 光网络与光子集成的发展(下)[J]. 电子产品世界,2001(5B):7-10
珞珈.光网的关键元件发展简述[J/OL]. http://www.optoelectro.com/translate/opfiber/fiber27.htm, 2001-12-26
刘俭辉,鲍风雨. DWDM系统中的光滤波技术[J/OL]. http://www.c114.net/technic/technicread.asp, 2003-9-29
Richard DeSalvo,Arthur G.Wilson,Jeff Rollman, et al. Advanced Components and Sub-System Solutions for 40 Gb/s Transmission[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology,2002,20(12):2154-2181.
小林功郎. 光集成器件[M]. 崔凤林译. 北京:科学出版社,2002. 10
斋藤富士郎. 超高速光器件[M]. 崔承甲译. 北京:科学出版社
高巍.使用Optifiber光缆认证OTDR解决常见光纤故障.光纤通信新产品,2003(11):46-49
Gerd Keiser. 光纤通信[M]. 第3版. 李玉权等译. 北京:电子工业出版社,2002.426-453
马惠莲,杨建义,李谨等. 光波导-单模光纤的直接耦合[J]. 光通信研究,2000(3):43-47
T.Alder,R.Heinzemann,S.Leonhard, et al. Fiber-chip-coupling based on InP-V-groove-technology. Conf. Proc. LEOS’98:40-41
黄章勇. 光纤通信用光电子器件和组件[M]. 北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001.225-251
Hideyuki Takahara,Nobuyuki Tanaka,Yoshimitsu Arai. Passively aligned LD/PD array submodules by using micro-capillaries[J]. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging,2000,23(2):323-327
Mitchell S.Cohen,Michael F.Cina,Ernest Bssous, et al. Packing of high-density fiber/laser modules using passive alignment techniques. IEEE Transactions on components,hybrids,and manufacturing technology,1992,15(6):944-955
郑杰,鲁力. 光纤列阵—AWG—光纤列阵的自动调芯(耦合)系统[DB/OL]. http://www.cc-suruga.com/products/align.htm
Eric Anderson,Dean Tran,Ronald Strijec et al. Coupling of waveguide to detectors using spherical lenses and lens fibers[C]. Conf. Proc. LEOS’98:384-385
Johan H.C. van Zantvoort,Giok-Djan Khoe,Huig de Waardt. Fiber array-to-chip fixtation and fine tuning using laser support adjustment[J]. J. of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2002,8(6):1331-1340
S.K.Mondal,Frank G.Shi. Optimization of fiber-laser coupling with respect to both the coupling efficiency and carrier-to-noise ratio:a novel design[C]. IEEE Electronic Components and technology,2002. 1-4
Bernard. 使用NI LabWindows/CVI、PXI、运动控制及机器视觉产品进行自动光纤校准[DB/OL]. http://ni.com/success
Lionel C.Kimerling. Fiber-to-Waveguide Coupling and packing[EB/OL]. http://web.mit.edu/mpc/www,2002-01-01