局域网的无线光互连技术的研究与实现
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摘要
本论文针对信息时代电信业务朝带宽化发展的趋势，提出了采用基于大气介质信道的激光宽带通信技术，为带宽通信提供了一条新的途径。
论文首先探讨了无线光通信的基本理论、应用及发展。无线光通信以其投资小、传输容量大、安装迅速、电磁兼容性好等优点成为新近活跃的一种通信方式。为了保证无线光通信的质量，本论文还深入分析了大气衰减效应和大气湍流效应对激光传输的影响。然后给出了一种基于以太网的光无线组网的具体方案和该通信系统的结构、功能模块和原理图。最后，本论文具体分析了光无线局域网系统各个组成部分，主要是光电转换器和光收发器的工作原理，并进行了实验制作。初步实现了光无线局域网。
论文提出了利用激光组建无线局域网，给出了光无线组网的具体方案，方便地实现了廉价而高速的局域网内微机的互连；论文工作中设计并制作了带有自动功率控制(APC)、无光报警、自动增益控制和温度补偿功能的光收发器，使激光二极管能够不受环境温度的影响发出稳定的光功率，提高了系统的性能；设计的系统采用650nm的可见光作为工作波长，省去了价格昂贵的红外望远镜对准系统，降低了系统的成本；在光无线局域网中利用现有的成熟有线局域网协议和技术，从而保证了系统的实用性及改善了系统的性价比。
光无线组网技术具有较好的实用性和市场价值，是现有无线组网技术的补充和发展。
In the paper, a project of optical wireless LAN based on Ethernet is presented. By analyzing the system's structure and each part of the function components, the paper illustrates in detail all kinds of communication theories and protocols that are fundamental for the system's operation. Especially, the paper makes a deep research on some crucial technologies by which a new kind of wireless LAN becomes hopeful, competitive and above all, practical. The wireless LAN in the paper is made up of three sets of PC, hub and optical transceiver. PCs and optical transceiver are used to form the LAN and control data communication. The hub is responsible for establishing the link.
The paper contains two different fields of network communication and optical communication. And all kinds of theories and technologies related to optical wireless LAN based on Ethernet. Firstly, the basic theories and applications of wireless optical communications are discussed in the paper. Laser atmospheric communication has the characteristics of low investment, large capacity, quick setting, and fine electromagnetism compatibility. It is a newly active means to build up network. To ensuring the transmitting quality, the influences of atmospheric attenuation and turbulence to laser transmission is analyzed in the paper. Lastly, the working theory of encoder, decoder and optical transceiver of the optical wireless LAN are analyzed. The experiments about the system are done in the paper and basically realize the wireless optical LAN.
The main originalities and latest technologies used in the operation of the system are as following: 1. Connecting computers through laser in a LAN wirelessly, high speedily and cheaply by using the technology of optical wireless communication. 2. Designing the APC and ATC in the optical transceiver. 3. Using wavelength near 650nm, and making the system to leave out expensive telescope system. 4. Taking good advantages of the fledged LAN communication protocols and technologies to achieve a new method that has a high rate of capability to costing in building a wireless LAN.
Optical wireless LAN based on Ethernet is very practical and will be the competitive in market application. It is a useful supplement to the LAN now and will be more and more important in the future communication network.
论文首先探讨了无线光通信的基本理论、应用及发展。无线光通信以其投资小、传输容量大、安装迅速、电磁兼容性好等优点成为新近活跃的一种通信方式。为了保证无线光通信的质量，本论文还深入分析了大气衰减效应和大气湍流效应对激光传输的影响。然后给出了一种基于以太网的光无线组网的具体方案和该通信系统的结构、功能模块和原理图。最后，本论文具体分析了光无线局域网系统各个组成部分，主要是光电转换器和光收发器的工作原理，并进行了实验制作。初步实现了光无线局域网。
论文提出了利用激光组建无线局域网，给出了光无线组网的具体方案，方便地实现了廉价而高速的局域网内微机的互连；论文工作中设计并制作了带有自动功率控制(APC)、无光报警、自动增益控制和温度补偿功能的光收发器，使激光二极管能够不受环境温度的影响发出稳定的光功率，提高了系统的性能；设计的系统采用650nm的可见光作为工作波长，省去了价格昂贵的红外望远镜对准系统，降低了系统的成本；在光无线局域网中利用现有的成熟有线局域网协议和技术，从而保证了系统的实用性及改善了系统的性价比。
光无线组网技术具有较好的实用性和市场价值，是现有无线组网技术的补充和发展。
In the paper, a project of optical wireless LAN based on Ethernet is presented. By analyzing the system's structure and each part of the function components, the paper illustrates in detail all kinds of communication theories and protocols that are fundamental for the system's operation. Especially, the paper makes a deep research on some crucial technologies by which a new kind of wireless LAN becomes hopeful, competitive and above all, practical. The wireless LAN in the paper is made up of three sets of PC, hub and optical transceiver. PCs and optical transceiver are used to form the LAN and control data communication. The hub is responsible for establishing the link.
The paper contains two different fields of network communication and optical communication. And all kinds of theories and technologies related to optical wireless LAN based on Ethernet. Firstly, the basic theories and applications of wireless optical communications are discussed in the paper. Laser atmospheric communication has the characteristics of low investment, large capacity, quick setting, and fine electromagnetism compatibility. It is a newly active means to build up network. To ensuring the transmitting quality, the influences of atmospheric attenuation and turbulence to laser transmission is analyzed in the paper. Lastly, the working theory of encoder, decoder and optical transceiver of the optical wireless LAN are analyzed. The experiments about the system are done in the paper and basically realize the wireless optical LAN.
The main originalities and latest technologies used in the operation of the system are as following: 1. Connecting computers through laser in a LAN wirelessly, high speedily and cheaply by using the technology of optical wireless communication. 2. Designing the APC and ATC in the optical transceiver. 3. Using wavelength near 650nm, and making the system to leave out expensive telescope system. 4. Taking good advantages of the fledged LAN communication protocols and technologies to achieve a new method that has a high rate of capability to costing in building a wireless LAN.
Optical wireless LAN based on Ethernet is very practical and will be the competitive in market application. It is a useful supplement to the LAN now and will be more and more important in the future communication network.
引文
[1]张煦．光无线通信技术的应用．电信快报，1999，10：3—5
[2]郭玉彬．光无线通信系统及其应用．长春邮电学院学报，2000(4)：43-48
[3]罗先明．光无线通信．电信网技术，2001，4：53—55
[4]李珊．FSO-本地接入市场新焦点．世界电信，2001(12)：37-40
[5]李兵．无线光路(FSO)的网络应用．现代通信，2002(10)：5-7
[6]陈聪．无线光通信技术．中国计算机报，2002，11
[7]陈刚，蔡燕民，陈高庭等．空间激光通信技术若干问题的讨论．红外与激光工程，2000(3)：44-48
[8]朱震，陈凌．自由空间光通信技术．光通信技术，2003(1)：22-26
[9]Shinhak Lee, James W. Alexander, Gerry G. Ortiz. Deep Space Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing (APT). Technologies for Optical Communication. JPL, September 22,1999
[10]雷震洲．自由空间光通信系统．现代电信科技，2001(5)：2-6
[11]陈姬冰，赵尚弘，庄茂录等．自由空间光通信技术与展望．光机电信息，2003(4)：11-15
[12]徐荣，龚倩，张光海．城域光网络．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003．1
[13]Robert Dalman, Jay Shuler. How to build a 21st century metropolitan access network. Lightwave, 2000, 9
[14]Mohammed O. Zaatari. Wireless Optical Communications Systems in Enterprise Networks. The Telecommunications Review 2003
[15]王英霞，梁国栋，林子扬．自由空间光互连的发展．应用光学，2001(2)：6-10
[16]Pahlavan K., Probert T.H., Chase M.E.. Trends in Local Wireless network. IEEE Communication Magazine, 1995,5:88-95
[17]王海先．大气中激光通信技术．红外与激光工程，2001(4)：123-127．
[18][日]木村磐根编．光通信与无线通信系统．杨明君，孙晓东，郭雪清译．科学出版社，OHM社，2001
[19]邹自立．悄然复兴的激光大气通信技术．光通信技术，1997，21(3)：167-170
[20]龚知本．激光大气传输研究若干问题进展．量子电子学报，1998，15(2)：114-132
[21]李萍．空中光纤通信若干关键技术研究：硕士学位论文．上海：上海交通大学图书馆，2001
[22]Debbie kedar, Shlomi Amon. Optical wireless communication through fog in the presence of pointing errors. APPLIED OPTICS, 2003,42(24):4946-4954
[23]Willebrand, Heinz and Baksheesh Ghuman. Fiber Optics Without Fiber. IEEE Spectrum Magazine, 2001, 8.
[24]杨臣华．激光与红外技术手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1990
[25]Haim Manor, Shlomi Arnon. Performance of an optical wireless communication system as a function of wavelength. APPLIED OPTICS, 2003,42(21): 4285-4293
[26]Isaac I Kim, B McArthur, E Korevaar. Comparison of laser beam propagation at 785nm and 850nm in fog and haze for optical wireless communications. Optical Wireless Communications Ⅲ, Pro SPIE, 2000,4214:26-37
[27]万玲玉，蒋丽娟．湍流大气中光强闪烁对光通信链路的影响．光通信技术，2002，26(2)：17-18
[28]R.F.Lutonirski,H.T.Yuna, Wave Structure and Mutula Coherence Function of an optical Wave in a Turbulent Atmosphere. J.O.Opti.Soc.Ame. 1970,6(4)
[29]R.S.Lawrence. Measurements of Atmosphere Turblence Relevant to Optical Propagation, J.Opt.Soc. Am., 197060(6):826
[30]丁学新．激光大气通讯系统的分析与研究：硕士学位论文．南京：南京理工大学图书馆，2001
[31]刘淑华．空间光通信链路光束捕获、对准、跟踪技术及数字化仿真：硕士学位论文．合肥：电子科技大学图书馆，2002
[32]许国良，张旭苹，徐伟弘等．光电子技术，2002(4)：198-205
[33]刘奇．无线通信与网络应用技术．浦东电子出版社．2001．10
[34]何永明．无线局域网．电信科学，1995，11(9)：59-62
[35]高嘉进，李正茂，洪福明．无线局域网的技术与进展．电信科学，1996，12(2)：47-52
[36]陆楠．现代网络技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2003．2
[37]刘元安．宽带无线接入和无线局域网．北京邮电大学出版社．2000．11
[38]郭峰，曾兴雯．无线局域网的发展．数字通信，2000(1)：46-48
[39]郑有强．无线局域网初露锋芒．世界电信，2001，12：10-14
[40]张公忠．现代网络技术教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2000：51-61
[41]吴盘龙．无线局域网技术及组网方式．世界电信，2001，12：7-9
[42]陈根祥，秦玉文，赵玉成．等译．光通信技术与应用．北京：电子工业出版社
[43]韦乐平．光同步数字网．北京：人民邮电出版社．1993
[44]G·凯泽编．光通信原理．于耀明，张爽斌，陈达平等译．人民邮电出版社，1983
[45]陈长缨，道焰，刘琼．光无线局域网的应用．光通信研究，1999(1)：36-39
[46]陈晓娟．红外无线局域网实现的研究：硕士学位论文．武汉：华中科技大学图书馆，2001
[47]J．H．Franz，V．K．Jain著，徐宏杰．何君．蒋剑芳等译．光通信器件与系统．电子工业出版社，2002，4
[48]吕辉，高瞻．自由空间光通信系统中的激光器和探测器．电信快报，2003(3)：35-37
[49]周炳琨，高以智，陈家骅等．激光原理．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[50]Chisholm, Patrick. Lasercom Transfomration. Military Information Technology Magazine, 2003,7
[51]Joseph M.Kahn, John R.Barry. Wireless Infrared Communications. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, 1997,85(2): 265-297
[52]Graves J.E, Drenker S. Advancing Free-Space Optical Communications with Adaptive Optics. Lightwave, 2002(9)
[53]Churnside J H, Mclntyre C M. Averaged threshold receiver for direct detection of optical communications through the lognormal atmospheric channel. Appl. Opt. 1997,16(10):2669-2676
[54]Arnon S, Rotman S R. Beam width and transmitter power adaptive to tracking system performance for free-space optical communication. Applied Optics, 1997,36:6095-6101
[2]郭玉彬．光无线通信系统及其应用．长春邮电学院学报，2000(4)：43-48
[3]罗先明．光无线通信．电信网技术，2001，4：53—55
[4]李珊．FSO-本地接入市场新焦点．世界电信，2001(12)：37-40
[5]李兵．无线光路(FSO)的网络应用．现代通信，2002(10)：5-7
[6]陈聪．无线光通信技术．中国计算机报，2002，11
[7]陈刚，蔡燕民，陈高庭等．空间激光通信技术若干问题的讨论．红外与激光工程，2000(3)：44-48
[8]朱震，陈凌．自由空间光通信技术．光通信技术，2003(1)：22-26
[9]Shinhak Lee, James W. Alexander, Gerry G. Ortiz. Deep Space Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing (APT). Technologies for Optical Communication. JPL, September 22,1999
[10]雷震洲．自由空间光通信系统．现代电信科技，2001(5)：2-6
[11]陈姬冰，赵尚弘，庄茂录等．自由空间光通信技术与展望．光机电信息，2003(4)：11-15
[12]徐荣，龚倩，张光海．城域光网络．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003．1
[13]Robert Dalman, Jay Shuler. How to build a 21st century metropolitan access network. Lightwave, 2000, 9
[14]Mohammed O. Zaatari. Wireless Optical Communications Systems in Enterprise Networks. The Telecommunications Review 2003
[15]王英霞，梁国栋，林子扬．自由空间光互连的发展．应用光学，2001(2)：6-10
[16]Pahlavan K., Probert T.H., Chase M.E.. Trends in Local Wireless network. IEEE Communication Magazine, 1995,5:88-95
[17]王海先．大气中激光通信技术．红外与激光工程，2001(4)：123-127．
[18][日]木村磐根编．光通信与无线通信系统．杨明君，孙晓东，郭雪清译．科学出版社，OHM社，2001
[19]邹自立．悄然复兴的激光大气通信技术．光通信技术，1997，21(3)：167-170
[20]龚知本．激光大气传输研究若干问题进展．量子电子学报，1998，15(2)：114-132
[21]李萍．空中光纤通信若干关键技术研究：硕士学位论文．上海：上海交通大学图书馆，2001
[22]Debbie kedar, Shlomi Amon. Optical wireless communication through fog in the presence of pointing errors. APPLIED OPTICS, 2003,42(24):4946-4954
[23]Willebrand, Heinz and Baksheesh Ghuman. Fiber Optics Without Fiber. IEEE Spectrum Magazine, 2001, 8.
[24]杨臣华．激光与红外技术手册．北京：国防工业出版社，1990
[25]Haim Manor, Shlomi Arnon. Performance of an optical wireless communication system as a function of wavelength. APPLIED OPTICS, 2003,42(21): 4285-4293
[26]Isaac I Kim, B McArthur, E Korevaar. Comparison of laser beam propagation at 785nm and 850nm in fog and haze for optical wireless communications. Optical Wireless Communications Ⅲ, Pro SPIE, 2000,4214:26-37
[27]万玲玉，蒋丽娟．湍流大气中光强闪烁对光通信链路的影响．光通信技术，2002，26(2)：17-18
[28]R.F.Lutonirski,H.T.Yuna, Wave Structure and Mutula Coherence Function of an optical Wave in a Turbulent Atmosphere. J.O.Opti.Soc.Ame. 1970,6(4)
[29]R.S.Lawrence. Measurements of Atmosphere Turblence Relevant to Optical Propagation, J.Opt.Soc. Am., 197060(6):826
[30]丁学新．激光大气通讯系统的分析与研究：硕士学位论文．南京：南京理工大学图书馆，2001
[31]刘淑华．空间光通信链路光束捕获、对准、跟踪技术及数字化仿真：硕士学位论文．合肥：电子科技大学图书馆，2002
[32]许国良，张旭苹，徐伟弘等．光电子技术，2002(4)：198-205
[33]刘奇．无线通信与网络应用技术．浦东电子出版社．2001．10
[34]何永明．无线局域网．电信科学，1995，11(9)：59-62
[35]高嘉进，李正茂，洪福明．无线局域网的技术与进展．电信科学，1996，12(2)：47-52
[36]陆楠．现代网络技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2003．2
[37]刘元安．宽带无线接入和无线局域网．北京邮电大学出版社．2000．11
[38]郭峰，曾兴雯．无线局域网的发展．数字通信，2000(1)：46-48
[39]郑有强．无线局域网初露锋芒．世界电信，2001，12：10-14
[40]张公忠．现代网络技术教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2000：51-61
[41]吴盘龙．无线局域网技术及组网方式．世界电信，2001，12：7-9
[42]陈根祥，秦玉文，赵玉成．等译．光通信技术与应用．北京：电子工业出版社
[43]韦乐平．光同步数字网．北京：人民邮电出版社．1993
[44]G·凯泽编．光通信原理．于耀明，张爽斌，陈达平等译．人民邮电出版社，1983
[45]陈长缨，道焰，刘琼．光无线局域网的应用．光通信研究，1999(1)：36-39
[46]陈晓娟．红外无线局域网实现的研究：硕士学位论文．武汉：华中科技大学图书馆，2001
[47]J．H．Franz，V．K．Jain著，徐宏杰．何君．蒋剑芳等译．光通信器件与系统．电子工业出版社，2002，4
[48]吕辉，高瞻．自由空间光通信系统中的激光器和探测器．电信快报，2003(3)：35-37
[49]周炳琨，高以智，陈家骅等．激光原理．北京：国防工业出版社，1995
[50]Chisholm, Patrick. Lasercom Transfomration. Military Information Technology Magazine, 2003,7
[51]Joseph M.Kahn, John R.Barry. Wireless Infrared Communications. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, 1997,85(2): 265-297
[52]Graves J.E, Drenker S. Advancing Free-Space Optical Communications with Adaptive Optics. Lightwave, 2002(9)
[53]Churnside J H, Mclntyre C M. Averaged threshold receiver for direct detection of optical communications through the lognormal atmospheric channel. Appl. Opt. 1997,16(10):2669-2676
[54]Arnon S, Rotman S R. Beam width and transmitter power adaptive to tracking system performance for free-space optical communication. Applied Optics, 1997,36:6095-6101