光纤传感位移测量技术的研究
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摘要
在环境试验中，针对武器层间结构的位移测试，许多传统的位移传感器由
于体积较大安装困难，或因对试验件狭小层间的测试面需特殊处理等因素都不
太适用，所以我们改用光纤传感器进行位移测试。
为避免使用昂贵的光学系统，减小测试调试的复杂性，我们选用了结构简
单可靠的强度调制式光纤位移传感器，其技术方案分反射式和光闸式两种。反
射式可实现非接触测量，但对我们的使用条件来看有很多缺点，如对反射面的
材料、曲率等因素要求高，受背景光干扰，探头制作复杂，实际测试需设计专
用支架，量程只有100μm左右，为扩大其动态范围必须在光纤端增加光学透镜
组，这样大大增加了传感器探头的体积。由于以上种种原因使得这种方法在我
们的实际工程中应用可行性小。为此技术部门研究决定选用使用可靠、制作简
单的第二种方案，并研制出光纤传感位移测试系统。它由光纤传感器、位移测
试电路和计算机三部分组成，通过专用软件可对位移进行实时测试和显示。其
传感器结构紧凑，系统调试简单，量程1mm、分辨力0． 5μm，可在项目要求的
环境试验中代替传统的位移计。本文包括以下几部份。
第一章绪论概述了位移检测的现状及发展，对几种典型检测方法的优缺点
作了比较，指出在环境试验中用光闸式位移测试的必要性及优势。
第二章在对光纤光场分布特性进行了理论分析的基础上，推导出光闸式位
移测试的调制特性的数学模型。
第三章概述了系统的工作原理，对比了几种不同的测试方案。本文所提出
的方案可扩大量程且不以减小分辨力为代价，其独特的光路及传感器结构设计，
在光闸式位移计的研究中，作者未见相关的文献报道，有一定的创新性。
第四章主要介绍了主要部分的电路设计。目前，这种微弱输入信号的采集
电路及抗干扰技术对很多新型传感器都适用，故该电路的设计具有一定代表性。
第五章介绍了测试软件的界面及主要功能函数的程序。
摘要
第六章介绍了标定装置并通过测定验证了理论推导的调制特性方程。实验
说明引进参考通道有助于减小干扰，使系统更适用于工程应用。采用我们提出
的光纤束扩大量程的方案，不但扩大了量程，而且工作曲线的线性度也有显著
提高。
In environmefit test, lotS of conveniional disPlaeement tusducers aren't
suitable, esPecially aimed tO measure the displacement in the itherlayer strUctUre of
weaPon, because the volume of sensor is too large tO install, or the test plane of
narrow interlayer mwt be dealed with .So we chOose fiber optic sensors to measure
the disPlacement.
In order tO avoid using exPensive optical systCm, reduce the complexity in
debugging, we choose the intensity modulation tyPe of fiber optic sensors, whose
strUctUre is simple and reliable. There are two schemes, one is the mask type and the
other is the reflective tyPe. The reflective tyPe can be used in uncontacted test, but it
has some shortcoming on our condition. For examPle, high quality is asked for the
Wrial and curvwt of reflective plane, the sensor sthers frOm the interference of
backgrOund ligh, mmpfactUre of probe is comPlicated,we need tO design the
aPProPriative hOlder in tes' the span is only about l00mp, to extend the dynamic
range we must increase a set of oPtical lens on the end of oPtic fiber, but consurnedly
increase the probe's volume. Because of all above reason, the possibility of this kind
of method aPplied tO actual work is little, so technical dePchent decides to chOose
the second methed tO develop the system using fiber optic sensors tO measure the
diSPlacement, Which is more reliable and easier tO produce. It is comPosed of three
pnd, Which are the fiber oPtic sensor, the circult of displacement measurement and
compUteL By the aPpropriative softwar, it can measure the disPlacement and display
it in real time. The stwthe of sensor is compact, the debugging of system is simple,
meanwhile the sPan is lnnn and the resoluton is 0.5mp, so it can rePlace
conventional disPlaeemeni sensors in the environment tCSt required by taSk. ms
III
paper comPrises sevend partS as follows.
In the first chaPer as preface, this paPer sunnnarizes the actUality and
development of displacement measurements. It shOws tha the necessity and
advantae using the mask tyPe of displaeement measurend in environment test,
comParing the excellence and defect of several tyPical measurements.
On the basis of analyzing the distribution of light field of fiber thcoretically, the
paper deduces the math model of modulation function of the mask tyPe of
measurement in the second chaPter
In the third chaPtr, thes pape summarizes the operation ~iple of system, and
comPares several different measurement projeets. The Proect put forwar by this
paper may extend span not tO deerease the resolution. The particular light Way and
sensor stfUCture are innovative on the research of displaeemellt measurements using
the mask tyPe of fiber oPtic sensof, and we hav not seen releVan reported
literatos.
The paPer mainly illtrOduCes some designs of chief circuitS. At present, this
cireuit gathering faint input signal and the anti-interference tecboquCs can aPPly tO
W new sensors, so it is a tyPical circuit design.'
In the fiffe chaPtr, the pape intrOduces the ifor of softwar and listS
relevan Propos of clyef fhaotions.
In the sixth chaPter, this pape recomrnnds the calibration device and verifies
the aCademic modulation boon by measurement. The experimellt indicates that
referenced chaImls can reduce the intefference in favOr of using it in engineering.
MWle, the prOject advanced by us to extend SPan with fiber oPtic bind not only
dOes so, bu also grcaly imProves the liwi of the operaion curv.
于体积较大安装困难，或因对试验件狭小层间的测试面需特殊处理等因素都不
太适用，所以我们改用光纤传感器进行位移测试。
为避免使用昂贵的光学系统，减小测试调试的复杂性，我们选用了结构简
单可靠的强度调制式光纤位移传感器，其技术方案分反射式和光闸式两种。反
射式可实现非接触测量，但对我们的使用条件来看有很多缺点，如对反射面的
材料、曲率等因素要求高，受背景光干扰，探头制作复杂，实际测试需设计专
用支架，量程只有100μm左右，为扩大其动态范围必须在光纤端增加光学透镜
组，这样大大增加了传感器探头的体积。由于以上种种原因使得这种方法在我
们的实际工程中应用可行性小。为此技术部门研究决定选用使用可靠、制作简
单的第二种方案，并研制出光纤传感位移测试系统。它由光纤传感器、位移测
试电路和计算机三部分组成，通过专用软件可对位移进行实时测试和显示。其
传感器结构紧凑，系统调试简单，量程1mm、分辨力0． 5μm，可在项目要求的
环境试验中代替传统的位移计。本文包括以下几部份。
第一章绪论概述了位移检测的现状及发展，对几种典型检测方法的优缺点
作了比较，指出在环境试验中用光闸式位移测试的必要性及优势。
第二章在对光纤光场分布特性进行了理论分析的基础上，推导出光闸式位
移测试的调制特性的数学模型。
第三章概述了系统的工作原理，对比了几种不同的测试方案。本文所提出
的方案可扩大量程且不以减小分辨力为代价，其独特的光路及传感器结构设计，
在光闸式位移计的研究中，作者未见相关的文献报道，有一定的创新性。
第四章主要介绍了主要部分的电路设计。目前，这种微弱输入信号的采集
电路及抗干扰技术对很多新型传感器都适用，故该电路的设计具有一定代表性。
第五章介绍了测试软件的界面及主要功能函数的程序。
摘要
第六章介绍了标定装置并通过测定验证了理论推导的调制特性方程。实验
说明引进参考通道有助于减小干扰，使系统更适用于工程应用。采用我们提出
的光纤束扩大量程的方案，不但扩大了量程，而且工作曲线的线性度也有显著
提高。
In environmefit test, lotS of conveniional disPlaeement tusducers aren't
suitable, esPecially aimed tO measure the displacement in the itherlayer strUctUre of
weaPon, because the volume of sensor is too large tO install, or the test plane of
narrow interlayer mwt be dealed with .So we chOose fiber optic sensors to measure
the disPlacement.
In order tO avoid using exPensive optical systCm, reduce the complexity in
debugging, we choose the intensity modulation tyPe of fiber optic sensors, whose
strUctUre is simple and reliable. There are two schemes, one is the mask type and the
other is the reflective tyPe. The reflective tyPe can be used in uncontacted test, but it
has some shortcoming on our condition. For examPle, high quality is asked for the
Wrial and curvwt of reflective plane, the sensor sthers frOm the interference of
backgrOund ligh, mmpfactUre of probe is comPlicated,we need tO design the
aPProPriative hOlder in tes' the span is only about l00mp, to extend the dynamic
range we must increase a set of oPtical lens on the end of oPtic fiber, but consurnedly
increase the probe's volume. Because of all above reason, the possibility of this kind
of method aPplied tO actual work is little, so technical dePchent decides to chOose
the second methed tO develop the system using fiber optic sensors tO measure the
diSPlacement, Which is more reliable and easier tO produce. It is comPosed of three
pnd, Which are the fiber oPtic sensor, the circult of displacement measurement and
compUteL By the aPpropriative softwar, it can measure the disPlacement and display
it in real time. The stwthe of sensor is compact, the debugging of system is simple,
meanwhile the sPan is lnnn and the resoluton is 0.5mp, so it can rePlace
conventional disPlaeemeni sensors in the environment tCSt required by taSk. ms
III
paper comPrises sevend partS as follows.
In the first chaPer as preface, this paPer sunnnarizes the actUality and
development of displacement measurements. It shOws tha the necessity and
advantae using the mask tyPe of displaeement measurend in environment test,
comParing the excellence and defect of several tyPical measurements.
On the basis of analyzing the distribution of light field of fiber thcoretically, the
paper deduces the math model of modulation function of the mask tyPe of
measurement in the second chaPter
In the third chaPtr, thes pape summarizes the operation ~iple of system, and
comPares several different measurement projeets. The Proect put forwar by this
paper may extend span not tO deerease the resolution. The particular light Way and
sensor stfUCture are innovative on the research of displaeemellt measurements using
the mask tyPe of fiber oPtic sensof, and we hav not seen releVan reported
literatos.
The paPer mainly illtrOduCes some designs of chief circuitS. At present, this
cireuit gathering faint input signal and the anti-interference tecboquCs can aPPly tO
W new sensors, so it is a tyPical circuit design.'
In the fiffe chaPtr, the pape intrOduces the ifor of softwar and listS
relevan Propos of clyef fhaotions.
In the sixth chaPter, this pape recomrnnds the calibration device and verifies
the aCademic modulation boon by measurement. The experimellt indicates that
referenced chaImls can reduce the intefference in favOr of using it in engineering.
MWle, the prOject advanced by us to extend SPan with fiber oPtic bind not only
dOes so, bu also grcaly imProves the liwi of the operaion curv.
引文
[1] Cook R.O and Hamm C.W, Fiber optic lever displacement transducer .Applied Optics, Oct.1． 1979,Vol.18,p.3230
[2] C.P.Cookshott,S.J.Pacand,compensation of an optical fiber reflective sensor, Sensors and Actuators, 1989,vol.l7,p.l67K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, CHAPMAN& HALL, 1995
[3] Lawson C.M and Tekippe V.J,Fiber-optic diaphragm curvature pressure trandure,Opt.Lett, 1983,8:286-88
[4] K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology volume 2 Devices and Technology, CHAPMAN&HALL,1998
[5] K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology volume 3 Applications and Systems, CHAPMAN&HALL,1999
[6] Culshaw,B,Optical Fibre Sensing and Signal Processing,Peter Peregrinus,1984
[7] Halley.P,Fibre Optical Systems,Wiley, 1985
[8] Medlock.R.S,Review of modulating techniques for fibre optic sensors, J.Opt. Sensor, 1(1) ,43-68,1986
[9] Kwan.S,Beaven.C.M.and Jones.G.R,Displacement measurement using a focusing chromatic modulator,Meas.Sci.Technol, 1,207-215,1990
[10] Hoogenboom,L.Hull-Allen.G and Wang.S, Theoretical and experimental analysis of a fiber optic proximity probe , Proc.SPIE , 478 , Fiber Optic and Laser Sensor (review), Sov.J.Quant.Electron, 15(5) ,595-621,1985
[11] 万德安，高精度反射式光纤位移传感器，自动化仪表，1990，11． Vol．10,p．14-17
[12] Zheng Weimin,and Bi Chunhui, A Practical Optical Fiber Reflective Sensor Model of Measuring Oil Film Thickness for Thrust Bearing,E-mail: zhengwm@public.hr.hl.cn, 2000, 10, 9
[13] Clarke R H, Chung W M, Wang Q,et al, Determination of gasoline fuel properties by Raman spectroscopy [A] , Proceedings of SPIE-The Internation society for optical Engineering [C] , 1991,1437: p21-23
[14] 陈实英，光纤液位传感器的研究，传感器技术，2000，5 Vol．19，P．47
[15] Curtis Kissinger, Fiber Optic Lever Displacement Transducers Principles Improvement and Application,Email:mtiinstruments@mtiinstruments.com, 2000, 9, 29
[16] 陈安健，光纤角位移传感器的设计与应用，传感器技术，2000,5,Vol．19，p．19
[17] Takai N and Asakura T.J,Opt.Soc.Am,1985,A2(8) ,1282-1290
[18] K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology CHAPMAN &HALL,1993
[19] Yuan libo et al. The Analysis of the Compensation Mechanism of a Fiber-optic Displacement Sensor, Sensor and Actuators, 1993,A 36(3) ,17
[20] Cheng wanjun et al. The Analysis of Compensation Mechanism of Reflection-Transmition, Fiber-optic Displacement Sensor, Journal of natural science of Heilongjiang university, Vol.l2,No2,June,1995,82-85
[21] 尹爱国、陈守六等，反射型光纤束的研究及其应用，仪器仪表学报，1990，11：245-260
[22] 苑立波，光源与纤端光场，光通信技术，1994,Vol．18,No．1，54-64
[23] 关荣峰、李宝华，高速转动体参数光纤测量的耦合特性，传感器技术，1996,No．4,25-28
[24] Libo Yuan, Applications of angled-mirror in fiber-optic sensors, Optics&Laser Technology, 2000,32,p255-260
[25] Busurin,V.I,Semenov.A.S and Udalov.N.P.Optical and fiber-optic sensor (review),Sov.J.Quant.Electron. 15(5) ,595-621,1985
[26] Sad.M,Jones.G.R and Stevens.A,Fiber optic vehicle sensing, Report,TRRL. ,1990
[27] Krakenas.K.and Blotekjaer.K,J.Lightwave Technol,11(4) ,643-653,1993
[28] Chen.S,Palmer.A.W,Grattan.K.T.V,Meggitt,B.T,Appl.Optics,31(28) ,6003-10,1992
[29] Sandoz.P. and Tribillon.G.,J.Mod.Optics, 10(9) , 1691-1700,1993
[30] Cabor.PJ.,Appl.Optics,32(19) ,3438-41,1993
[31] 李鹏生，一种新型光纤位移传感器，仪器仪表学报，1997,2,Vol．18，p．93
[32] 王惠文，光纤传感技术与应用，国防工业出版社,2001． 4
[33] 付松年，新型反射式光纤位移传感器的分析与设计，传感器技术，2001． 3,Vol．20,p．15
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[35] 付敬奇，智能补偿光纤位移传感器，传感器技术，1999,4，Vol．18，p．35
[36] 李平，反射式光纤测振仪的研究，现代计量测试，1997，2,p．26
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[2] C.P.Cookshott,S.J.Pacand,compensation of an optical fiber reflective sensor, Sensors and Actuators, 1989,vol.l7,p.l67K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, CHAPMAN& HALL, 1995
[3] Lawson C.M and Tekippe V.J,Fiber-optic diaphragm curvature pressure trandure,Opt.Lett, 1983,8:286-88
[4] K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology volume 2 Devices and Technology, CHAPMAN&HALL,1998
[5] K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology volume 3 Applications and Systems, CHAPMAN&HALL,1999
[6] Culshaw,B,Optical Fibre Sensing and Signal Processing,Peter Peregrinus,1984
[7] Halley.P,Fibre Optical Systems,Wiley, 1985
[8] Medlock.R.S,Review of modulating techniques for fibre optic sensors, J.Opt. Sensor, 1(1) ,43-68,1986
[9] Kwan.S,Beaven.C.M.and Jones.G.R,Displacement measurement using a focusing chromatic modulator,Meas.Sci.Technol, 1,207-215,1990
[10] Hoogenboom,L.Hull-Allen.G and Wang.S, Theoretical and experimental analysis of a fiber optic proximity probe , Proc.SPIE , 478 , Fiber Optic and Laser Sensor (review), Sov.J.Quant.Electron, 15(5) ,595-621,1985
[11] 万德安，高精度反射式光纤位移传感器，自动化仪表，1990，11． Vol．10,p．14-17
[12] Zheng Weimin,and Bi Chunhui, A Practical Optical Fiber Reflective Sensor Model of Measuring Oil Film Thickness for Thrust Bearing,E-mail: zhengwm@public.hr.hl.cn, 2000, 10, 9
[13] Clarke R H, Chung W M, Wang Q,et al, Determination of gasoline fuel properties by Raman spectroscopy [A] , Proceedings of SPIE-The Internation society for optical Engineering [C] , 1991,1437: p21-23
[14] 陈实英，光纤液位传感器的研究，传感器技术，2000，5 Vol．19，P．47
[15] Curtis Kissinger, Fiber Optic Lever Displacement Transducers Principles Improvement and Application,Email:mtiinstruments@mtiinstruments.com, 2000, 9, 29
[16] 陈安健，光纤角位移传感器的设计与应用，传感器技术，2000,5,Vol．19，p．19
[17] Takai N and Asakura T.J,Opt.Soc.Am,1985,A2(8) ,1282-1290
[18] K.T.V.Grattan and B.T.Meggitt,Optical Fiber Sensor Technology CHAPMAN &HALL,1993
[19] Yuan libo et al. The Analysis of the Compensation Mechanism of a Fiber-optic Displacement Sensor, Sensor and Actuators, 1993,A 36(3) ,17
[20] Cheng wanjun et al. The Analysis of Compensation Mechanism of Reflection-Transmition, Fiber-optic Displacement Sensor, Journal of natural science of Heilongjiang university, Vol.l2,No2,June,1995,82-85
[21] 尹爱国、陈守六等，反射型光纤束的研究及其应用，仪器仪表学报，1990，11：245-260
[22] 苑立波，光源与纤端光场，光通信技术，1994,Vol．18,No．1，54-64
[23] 关荣峰、李宝华，高速转动体参数光纤测量的耦合特性，传感器技术，1996,No．4,25-28
[24] Libo Yuan, Applications of angled-mirror in fiber-optic sensors, Optics&Laser Technology, 2000,32,p255-260
[25] Busurin,V.I,Semenov.A.S and Udalov.N.P.Optical and fiber-optic sensor (review),Sov.J.Quant.Electron. 15(5) ,595-621,1985
[26] Sad.M,Jones.G.R and Stevens.A,Fiber optic vehicle sensing, Report,TRRL. ,1990
[27] Krakenas.K.and Blotekjaer.K,J.Lightwave Technol,11(4) ,643-653,1993
[28] Chen.S,Palmer.A.W,Grattan.K.T.V,Meggitt,B.T,Appl.Optics,31(28) ,6003-10,1992
[29] Sandoz.P. and Tribillon.G.,J.Mod.Optics, 10(9) , 1691-1700,1993
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