小型封装SFP光纤收发器电路研究与设计
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摘要
光纤因其无可比拟的传输特性在接入网中得到了越来越广泛的应用，光纤接入网是最能适应未来发展的解决方案。光通信的核心技术在于光器件和光电器件技术，具有小型化、热插拔功能和自诊断功能等三大特点的千兆SFP收发器将代替SIP和GBIC成为千兆收发器市场的主流，是通信用光电器件发展的必然趋势。
本课题是湖北省科技攻关项目的子项目，目标是研制出满足MSA协议和SFF-8472的适合于1.25Gb／s速率的小型封装的可插拔SFP光收发模块。主要任务是完成小型封装SFP光纤收发器电路设计，原理图及PCB版的绘制及相关参数的测定的工作，难点为热插拔电路的设计，高速率的抗电磁干扰电路的整合，及更小封装电路的设计。
建立在对千兆以太网有关标准分析的研究基础之上，本文提出千兆光纤收发器实现技术方案并进行分析，就有关测试问题进行分析和研究，并提出相关实现方法。我们设计的光纤收发器有良好的电磁兼容性，并保证了电路板的供电特性和散热特性、支持全／半双工自适应、具有数据诊断功能、准确方便的判断网络故障、支持热插拔操作、兼容性良好。
本文阐述了接入网在整个现代通信网中的重要地位及光纤收发器成为当前市场的迫切需要，对千兆以太网有关标准分析的研究，介绍了千兆SFP光收发系统组成、原理、关键技术与实现方法设计，介绍了各类元器件尤其是核心芯片与光收发一体模块的选择方法及原则，基于信号完整性分析的高速数字PCB的设计，在电路板设计过程中采用差分信号线布线的优势和布线策略，对数字电路的串扰分析提出了对策。
The access network, often referred as "the last mile" of the Internet, plays an important role in the overall network. The increasing demand for more bandwidth requires new transmitting media of better transportation quality. Because of its competitive properties fiber comes to be the top choice and becomes the major form of networking. The key technique of optical network is optical & electronic media converters .With the advent of the new phase of full-optical communication, the terms "G bit/s" "hot-pluggable" and "Diagnostic Monitoring" have already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. No one can deny the fact that SFP transceiver will take the place of SIP and GBIC become popular in the market today.
In this paper, a kind of single mode Small-Form-Pluggable Transceiver which meets the demands of MSA and SFF-8472 is successfully, developed. Because of its features of abundant bandwidth, high stability and reliability, and low cost, the product satisfies the market requirement of domestic Internet access, and has shown good marketing performance. The 4-layer printed circuit board, which proposes good Electro Magnetic Compatibility, electrical trait and heat elimination; .Full/half duplex auto-negotiation support; Diagnostic Monitoring for malfunction indication and troubleshooting; .Supporting hot-pluggable; Good compatibility; Good at heat elimination. 1.25Gbit/s SFP optic transceiver has been deployed in various broadband applications will be used in backbone networks of ring or daisy-chain topologies.
本课题是湖北省科技攻关项目的子项目，目标是研制出满足MSA协议和SFF-8472的适合于1.25Gb／s速率的小型封装的可插拔SFP光收发模块。主要任务是完成小型封装SFP光纤收发器电路设计，原理图及PCB版的绘制及相关参数的测定的工作，难点为热插拔电路的设计，高速率的抗电磁干扰电路的整合，及更小封装电路的设计。
建立在对千兆以太网有关标准分析的研究基础之上，本文提出千兆光纤收发器实现技术方案并进行分析，就有关测试问题进行分析和研究，并提出相关实现方法。我们设计的光纤收发器有良好的电磁兼容性，并保证了电路板的供电特性和散热特性、支持全／半双工自适应、具有数据诊断功能、准确方便的判断网络故障、支持热插拔操作、兼容性良好。
本文阐述了接入网在整个现代通信网中的重要地位及光纤收发器成为当前市场的迫切需要，对千兆以太网有关标准分析的研究，介绍了千兆SFP光收发系统组成、原理、关键技术与实现方法设计，介绍了各类元器件尤其是核心芯片与光收发一体模块的选择方法及原则，基于信号完整性分析的高速数字PCB的设计，在电路板设计过程中采用差分信号线布线的优势和布线策略，对数字电路的串扰分析提出了对策。
The access network, often referred as "the last mile" of the Internet, plays an important role in the overall network. The increasing demand for more bandwidth requires new transmitting media of better transportation quality. Because of its competitive properties fiber comes to be the top choice and becomes the major form of networking. The key technique of optical network is optical & electronic media converters .With the advent of the new phase of full-optical communication, the terms "G bit/s" "hot-pluggable" and "Diagnostic Monitoring" have already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. No one can deny the fact that SFP transceiver will take the place of SIP and GBIC become popular in the market today.
In this paper, a kind of single mode Small-Form-Pluggable Transceiver which meets the demands of MSA and SFF-8472 is successfully, developed. Because of its features of abundant bandwidth, high stability and reliability, and low cost, the product satisfies the market requirement of domestic Internet access, and has shown good marketing performance. The 4-layer printed circuit board, which proposes good Electro Magnetic Compatibility, electrical trait and heat elimination; .Full/half duplex auto-negotiation support; Diagnostic Monitoring for malfunction indication and troubleshooting; .Supporting hot-pluggable; Good compatibility; Good at heat elimination. 1.25Gbit/s SFP optic transceiver has been deployed in various broadband applications will be used in backbone networks of ring or daisy-chain topologies.
引文
[1] 李宏桥，杨峰等．宽带网络技术原理．北京：机械工业出版社．2002，5
[2] 王波．宽带网发展的技术实现．天津工业大学学报．2002．1
[3] 凌传繁．宽带接入技术及其应用前景．华东交通大学学报．2001．4
[4] 王佳生．ATM技术构建宽带网络．信息技术．2001．4
[5] 李谨等．基于ATM的宽带无源光接入网的研究．光通信研究．2000．1
[6] 何岩．全业务网接入传输系统．光纤通信技术．2000，(4)．24
[7] 丘昆等．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[8] ITU-T,Rec.G 983.1. Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical network(PON),Oct. 1998
[9] ITU-T,New Draft Recommendation 6.983.2 for determination, "The ONT Managementand Control Interface Specification for ATM-PON", July1999
[10] Mihai Banu, Alfred Dunolp. A660Mbit/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with instantane-ous locking for NRZ data and burst-mode transmission. ISSCC' 93/session6/broadband data communications/paper TA6.4.1994
[11] Stephen Topliss,Daniel Beeler, L aurenz Altwegg. Synchronization for Passive OpticalNetworks. Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1995, (13)5:947—953
[12] Yusuke Ota, Robert G Swartz, Vance D Archer Ⅲ, etal.High-Speed, Burst Mode, Packet-Capable Optical Receiver and Instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical Bus Operation.Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1994,12(2):32533
[13] 曾清海．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[14] 杨建良，郭照南．基于TDM／TDMA的PON及其关键技术．应用光学．1998．2
[15] 唐玉麟．光纤通信的发展及应用开发技术．光纤与电缆及其应用技术，1997；3：10-17
[16] ITU-T Rec 6.982. Optical access networks tosupport services up to the ISDN primaryrate or equivalent bit rates. Genera, ITU 1995,5
[17] 韦乐平．光配线网．电信科学，1997；13(5)：46-50
[18] 王志军．无源光网络标准研究．光通信研究，1997；50-55
[19] Masakazu, Kitazawa. Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical networkarchitecture. Hitachi Review, 1994;43 (2): 168-175
[20] 谢瑾，潘素敏．基于TDMA技术无源光网络的实验研究。中国建材工业出版社，1997：103—106
[21] 杨祥林．光纤通信系统．国防工业出版社．2000．1
[22] 揭若谷等．高速自适应突发模式接收光接收机的误码率分析．湘潭大学自然科学学报1999．6
[23] Eldering C A. Theoretical determination of sensitivity, penalty of burst mode fiberoptic receiver. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1993, 11(11):2145—2149
[24] Masakazu, Kitazawa .Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical networkarchitecture.Hitachi Review, 1994,43 (2): 168—175
[25] 龙汉平．无源光网络((PON)关键技术的研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：武汉邮电科学研究院．1997．7—17
[26] Ota Y, Swartz R G.Burst mode compatible optical receiver with large dynamic range.lEEE JL ightwave Technology, 1990, 8(11):1897^- 1903
[27] Valdes P M. Performance of optical direct receiviers using noise corrupted decisionthreshoid. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1995,13(10):220 2^2214
[28] C Su, Chen L K, Cheung W K. Theory of burst mode receiver and its applications inoptical multi-access network. IEEE Light wave Technology, 1 997, 15(4):590—606
[29] Nagasako Yand Nakashima T. Fast time extraction method foranoptical passive bus.Electronics Letters, 1990,26 (15):1168—1169
[30] BanuMand DunlopAE. Clock recovery circuit swithins tantaneous locking. ElectronicsLetters, 1992,28(23):2127—2129
[31] 曾小波，秦志辉，原荣．ATM-PON上行突发同步设计与实现，光通信技术．2002．4，vol 26
[32] 陈伟，黄秋元，周鹏．突发模式光接收模块在PON系统的应用．武汉理工大学校报信息与管理工程版，，2002．4
[33] 万丽娟，李春风．ATM的关键技术及应用．农机化研究，2002．5
[34] 翟虹强等，ATM技术与发展的发展．电力系统自动化，2001年第25卷第11期
[35] 陈伟，周鹏，黄秋元等．155Mb／s突发式光发射和接收模块技术研制总结报告．2002．9
[36] 蒋翠玲，陈伟，吴建华，陈适．ATM-pon突发式接收模块的设计及实现．微电子学与计算机，2003．Vol20．No．2
[37] M.Nakamura, N.Ishihar,Y.Akazawa, "A 156Mb/s CMOS Optical Receiver for BurstMode Transmission",IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol.33,pp. 1179-1187,Aug.1998
[38] Y.Ota, R.G.Swartz, V,ArcherIII,S,Kortky,M.B anu,A,Dunlop, "High-Speed, Burst-Mode,Packed-Capable Optical Receiver and instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical BusOperation", IEEE J.Light-Wave Tech,Vol. 12, pp.325-331, Feb. 1994
[39] ITU-T Recommendation 6983. 1, "Broadband Optical Acess System Based on PassiveOptical Networks(PON)" ,October 1998
[40] A.Bigongiari,S.Brigati,G.Caiulo,G. Franchi,F.Maloberti, "An8—Charmel 250MHZ BiC-MOS Discriminator for Medical Imaging", ISSCC Digest of Technical Paper, pp.326-327,Feb. 1996
[41] U,Gatti,F.Maloberti,G.Palmisan "An Accurate CMOS Sample-and-Hode Circuit", IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol.19,pp. 120-122,Jan. 1992
[42] Valdes P M.Performance of optical receivers using noise corrupted decision threshold.IEEE.J.Lightwave Technology 1995; 13(10):2202-2214
[43] Angelopoulos JD,Venieris JS,Protonotarios E N. A transparent MAC method for band- width sharing and CDV control atthe ATM layer of passive optical networks[J].Lightwave Technol, 1996,14(12):2625-2635
[44] 李乐民，何家福．周期性信元流通过ATM复用器的时延抖动分忻[[J]．电子学报，1997，25(1)：15-18
[45] 张晓如，曾烈光．帧同步扰码器的并行化技术[[J]．通信学报，1996，2(17)：126-130
[46] 傅丰林等．模拟电子线路基础．两安电子科技大学出版社．2001．4
[47] 梁继高，张晓频，李青等．无源光网络中突发光发射机和接收机的设计．光通信研究，999．3
[48] www.lucent.com
[49] www.icminer.com
[50] 齐江，乔耀军等．ATM无源光网络中直流祸合突发模式光接收机分析．电子学报．2001．10
[2] 王波．宽带网发展的技术实现．天津工业大学学报．2002．1
[3] 凌传繁．宽带接入技术及其应用前景．华东交通大学学报．2001．4
[4] 王佳生．ATM技术构建宽带网络．信息技术．2001．4
[5] 李谨等．基于ATM的宽带无源光接入网的研究．光通信研究．2000．1
[6] 何岩．全业务网接入传输系统．光纤通信技术．2000，(4)．24
[7] 丘昆等．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[8] ITU-T,Rec.G 983.1. Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical network(PON),Oct. 1998
[9] ITU-T,New Draft Recommendation 6.983.2 for determination, "The ONT Managementand Control Interface Specification for ATM-PON", July1999
[10] Mihai Banu, Alfred Dunolp. A660Mbit/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with instantane-ous locking for NRZ data and burst-mode transmission. ISSCC' 93/session6/broadband data communications/paper TA6.4.1994
[11] Stephen Topliss,Daniel Beeler, L aurenz Altwegg. Synchronization for Passive OpticalNetworks. Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1995, (13)5:947—953
[12] Yusuke Ota, Robert G Swartz, Vance D Archer Ⅲ, etal.High-Speed, Burst Mode, Packet-Capable Optical Receiver and Instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical Bus Operation.Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1994,12(2):32533
[13] 曾清海．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[14] 杨建良，郭照南．基于TDM／TDMA的PON及其关键技术．应用光学．1998．2
[15] 唐玉麟．光纤通信的发展及应用开发技术．光纤与电缆及其应用技术，1997；3：10-17
[16] ITU-T Rec 6.982. Optical access networks tosupport services up to the ISDN primaryrate or equivalent bit rates. Genera, ITU 1995,5
[17] 韦乐平．光配线网．电信科学，1997；13(5)：46-50
[18] 王志军．无源光网络标准研究．光通信研究，1997；50-55
[19] Masakazu, Kitazawa. Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical networkarchitecture. Hitachi Review, 1994;43 (2): 168-175
[20] 谢瑾，潘素敏．基于TDMA技术无源光网络的实验研究。中国建材工业出版社，1997：103—106
[21] 杨祥林．光纤通信系统．国防工业出版社．2000．1
[22] 揭若谷等．高速自适应突发模式接收光接收机的误码率分析．湘潭大学自然科学学报1999．6
[23] Eldering C A. Theoretical determination of sensitivity, penalty of burst mode fiberoptic receiver. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1993, 11(11):2145—2149
[24] Masakazu, Kitazawa .Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical networkarchitecture.Hitachi Review, 1994,43 (2): 168—175
[25] 龙汉平．无源光网络((PON)关键技术的研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：武汉邮电科学研究院．1997．7—17
[26] Ota Y, Swartz R G.Burst mode compatible optical receiver with large dynamic range.lEEE JL ightwave Technology, 1990, 8(11):1897^- 1903
[27] Valdes P M. Performance of optical direct receiviers using noise corrupted decisionthreshoid. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1995,13(10):220 2^2214
[28] C Su, Chen L K, Cheung W K. Theory of burst mode receiver and its applications inoptical multi-access network. IEEE Light wave Technology, 1 997, 15(4):590—606
[29] Nagasako Yand Nakashima T. Fast time extraction method foranoptical passive bus.Electronics Letters, 1990,26 (15):1168—1169
[30] BanuMand DunlopAE. Clock recovery circuit swithins tantaneous locking. ElectronicsLetters, 1992,28(23):2127—2129
[31] 曾小波，秦志辉，原荣．ATM-PON上行突发同步设计与实现，光通信技术．2002．4，vol 26
[32] 陈伟，黄秋元，周鹏．突发模式光接收模块在PON系统的应用．武汉理工大学校报信息与管理工程版，，2002．4
[33] 万丽娟，李春风．ATM的关键技术及应用．农机化研究，2002．5
[34] 翟虹强等，ATM技术与发展的发展．电力系统自动化，2001年第25卷第11期
[35] 陈伟，周鹏，黄秋元等．155Mb／s突发式光发射和接收模块技术研制总结报告．2002．9
[36] 蒋翠玲，陈伟，吴建华，陈适．ATM-pon突发式接收模块的设计及实现．微电子学与计算机，2003．Vol20．No．2
[37] M.Nakamura, N.Ishihar,Y.Akazawa, "A 156Mb/s CMOS Optical Receiver for BurstMode Transmission",IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol.33,pp. 1179-1187,Aug.1998
[38] Y.Ota, R.G.Swartz, V,ArcherIII,S,Kortky,M.B anu,A,Dunlop, "High-Speed, Burst-Mode,Packed-Capable Optical Receiver and instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical BusOperation", IEEE J.Light-Wave Tech,Vol. 12, pp.325-331, Feb. 1994
[39] ITU-T Recommendation 6983. 1, "Broadband Optical Acess System Based on PassiveOptical Networks(PON)" ,October 1998
[40] A.Bigongiari,S.Brigati,G.Caiulo,G. Franchi,F.Maloberti, "An8—Charmel 250MHZ BiC-MOS Discriminator for Medical Imaging", ISSCC Digest of Technical Paper, pp.326-327,Feb. 1996
[41] U,Gatti,F.Maloberti,G.Palmisan "An Accurate CMOS Sample-and-Hode Circuit", IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol.19,pp. 120-122,Jan. 1992
[42] Valdes P M.Performance of optical receivers using noise corrupted decision threshold.IEEE.J.Lightwave Technology 1995; 13(10):2202-2214
[43] Angelopoulos JD,Venieris JS,Protonotarios E N. A transparent MAC method for band- width sharing and CDV control atthe ATM layer of passive optical networks[J].Lightwave Technol, 1996,14(12):2625-2635
[44] 李乐民，何家福．周期性信元流通过ATM复用器的时延抖动分忻[[J]．电子学报，1997，25(1)：15-18
[45] 张晓如，曾烈光．帧同步扰码器的并行化技术[[J]．通信学报，1996，2(17)：126-130
[46] 傅丰林等．模拟电子线路基础．两安电子科技大学出版社．2001．4
[47] 梁继高，张晓频，李青等．无源光网络中突发光发射机和接收机的设计．光通信研究，999．3
[48] www.lucent.com
[49] www.icminer.com
[50] 齐江，乔耀军等．ATM无源光网络中直流祸合突发模式光接收机分析．电子学报．2001．10