CCD色选机信号处理系统的研究
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摘要
本文详细讲述了在CCD色选机中使用的信号处理的方法,包括系统的定位,系统的硬件设计和软件设计。
其中系统的定位是为了保证信号处理的一致性和准确性,在实现的时候纵向采用纯粹的机械定位,在横向采用电辅助机械进行定位。
CCD信号的处理采用CPLD与DSP相结合的方法。CCD选择的是高速线阵CCD。CPLD完成对CCD的系统时钟信号的驱动和吹气信号的脉宽延时信号的处理。在驱动CCD的时候为了提高行扫描的速度,采用了快慢结合的方法,在使用的像素点采用慢速以提高信号的质量,在不需要使用的地方采用快速以实现信号的转移。在CPLD上挂接存储器,并在存储器上实现循环的队列实现吹气信号的脉宽和延时处理。
DSP选用的是TMS320DM642,它有许多外部设备,系统的资源多,功能强大,集成开发环境好,芯片运行的速度快,满足一个DSP芯片处理两个CCD镜头信号的要求。它通过集成的图像采集口采集CCD的图像信号,在处理时采用卷积平均的方法降低系统的噪声,用一阶高通滤波的方法去除直流分量。在处理的时候核心算法部分采用线性汇编语言编写,以降低代码的长度,提高代码的效率,最终提高系统的运行速度。
为了使多个信号处理系统与控制系统相连接采用RS422多机通讯的连接方式,控制系统为主机,信号处理系统为从机。在通讯协议中开始和结束用特殊字符,中间的数据采用ASCII码进行区分。在传送的数据中包含有地址信息,只有主机命令的地址与实际的地址相吻合的时候才处理数据。
This paper describes signal processing methods used in the CCD color sorter. It includes system position, hardware design and software design. Positioning system ensures the accuracy and consistency using in singal processing. The vertical positioning is purely mechanical positioning. The horizontal positioning is the mechanical positioning with the help of electrical auxiliary.
In hardware the system uses the combination of CPLD and DSP methods to process CCD signal. In selecting CCD sensor the system uses high-speed linear CCD. CPLD functions as CCD's system driving clock and blowing signal pulse-width and delay signal processor. In order to increase the CCD line scan frequence, CPLD adopts the method that high speed combines with low speed. When CPLD drives useful pixels it uses low speed to improve the singal quatity. On the other hand when CPLD drives useless pixels it uses high speed to transfer signal. Memory is connected to the CPLD. There is a circular queue in the memory to achieve the pulse-width and delay blowing signal processing.
As to DSP, TMS320DM642 is selected. It has many peripherals and system resources. It has many powerful functions. The integrated development environment is very good. The DSP chip runs fast enough to process two CCD cameras signal. It captures CCD image signal by using the videoport integrated in the DSP. When the DSP processes the signal it uses circular average to reduce system noise.The DSP uses one stage high-pass filter to remove the DC component. When dealing with the core algorithm system uses linear assembly which reduces the length of the code, improve code efficiency and finally improve system speed.
In order to connect to the control system, the RS422 standard is used for multi-computer communication. The control system is the host; the signal processing system is the slave machine. In the communication protocol it beginns and end with special characters, the middle data is the ASCII format. The data sent by host contains address information. Only the address in the host command coincides with the actual address the command has effect.
其中系统的定位是为了保证信号处理的一致性和准确性,在实现的时候纵向采用纯粹的机械定位,在横向采用电辅助机械进行定位。
CCD信号的处理采用CPLD与DSP相结合的方法。CCD选择的是高速线阵CCD。CPLD完成对CCD的系统时钟信号的驱动和吹气信号的脉宽延时信号的处理。在驱动CCD的时候为了提高行扫描的速度,采用了快慢结合的方法,在使用的像素点采用慢速以提高信号的质量,在不需要使用的地方采用快速以实现信号的转移。在CPLD上挂接存储器,并在存储器上实现循环的队列实现吹气信号的脉宽和延时处理。
DSP选用的是TMS320DM642,它有许多外部设备,系统的资源多,功能强大,集成开发环境好,芯片运行的速度快,满足一个DSP芯片处理两个CCD镜头信号的要求。它通过集成的图像采集口采集CCD的图像信号,在处理时采用卷积平均的方法降低系统的噪声,用一阶高通滤波的方法去除直流分量。在处理的时候核心算法部分采用线性汇编语言编写,以降低代码的长度,提高代码的效率,最终提高系统的运行速度。
为了使多个信号处理系统与控制系统相连接采用RS422多机通讯的连接方式,控制系统为主机,信号处理系统为从机。在通讯协议中开始和结束用特殊字符,中间的数据采用ASCII码进行区分。在传送的数据中包含有地址信息,只有主机命令的地址与实际的地址相吻合的时候才处理数据。
This paper describes signal processing methods used in the CCD color sorter. It includes system position, hardware design and software design. Positioning system ensures the accuracy and consistency using in singal processing. The vertical positioning is purely mechanical positioning. The horizontal positioning is the mechanical positioning with the help of electrical auxiliary.
In hardware the system uses the combination of CPLD and DSP methods to process CCD signal. In selecting CCD sensor the system uses high-speed linear CCD. CPLD functions as CCD's system driving clock and blowing signal pulse-width and delay signal processor. In order to increase the CCD line scan frequence, CPLD adopts the method that high speed combines with low speed. When CPLD drives useful pixels it uses low speed to improve the singal quatity. On the other hand when CPLD drives useless pixels it uses high speed to transfer signal. Memory is connected to the CPLD. There is a circular queue in the memory to achieve the pulse-width and delay blowing signal processing.
As to DSP, TMS320DM642 is selected. It has many peripherals and system resources. It has many powerful functions. The integrated development environment is very good. The DSP chip runs fast enough to process two CCD cameras signal. It captures CCD image signal by using the videoport integrated in the DSP. When the DSP processes the signal it uses circular average to reduce system noise.The DSP uses one stage high-pass filter to remove the DC component. When dealing with the core algorithm system uses linear assembly which reduces the length of the code, improve code efficiency and finally improve system speed.
In order to connect to the control system, the RS422 standard is used for multi-computer communication. The control system is the host; the signal processing system is the slave machine. In the communication protocol it beginns and end with special characters, the middle data is the ASCII format. The data sent by host contains address information. Only the address in the host command coincides with the actual address the command has effect.
引文
[1]黄勇,李江波,王一兵,光电色选机介绍[J],现代农业装备,2007,(10):60~61
[2]乔艳芳,李馨,孙鹏,食品光电色选技术装备设计及应用[J],农机化研究, 2005,27(2):118~119
[3]张麟,光电色选机及其应用[J],农机与食品机械,1997,(5):24~27
[4]李素梅,如何正确认识白米色选机[J],粮食与饲料工业,2002,(07):12~14
[5]坎杂,李景彬,江英兰等,5MZX-96脱绒棉种色选机的研究,石河子大学学报(自然科版),2005,(6):749~751
[6]杜润鸿,布勒Z系列色选机[J] ,粮油加工,2007 ,(5),42~44
[7]贺为群,浅谈RNGS系列色选机的创新点,粮食与饲料工业[J],2006,(07)
[8]魏礼俊,基于DSP的大米色选机的研制:[硕士学位论文][D],安徽;合肥工业大学,2005
[9]张麟,张小燕,光电色选机的结构及其特点[J] ,包装与食品机械,1997,(2):21~25
[10]高小荣,用于稻米色选机的供料滑槽,中国专利,200620165430,20071219
[11]谯洋,基于FPGA的光电分选机检测系统的设计:[硕士学位论文][D],大连;大连理工大学,2007
[12]杨德志,郑力新,基于CAN总线的光电色选机电气系统设计[J] ,粮食与饲料工业,2008,(7) :3～5
[13]刘玉玲,郑力新,基于TMS320C2812的光电色选机色差信号处理板[ J ] ,粮食与饲料工业,2007, (8):8～9
[14]林新春,一种多机通信装置及其多机通信的实现方法,中国专利,02134608,2005-11-23
[15]徐大诚,翁桂荣,线阵CCD数据的高速采集系统[J],传感器技术,2002,21(9):45～48
[16] TOSHIBA Inc.TCD1209D Image Sensors.TCD1209D data sheet[Z],2001
[17] TOSHIBA Inc.TCD1209DG Image Sensors.TCD1209DG data sheet[Z],2004
[18] EXAR Corporation.XRD9855 CCD image digitizers for digital cameras.XRD9855 data sheet[Z],2001.4
[19]李永远,CCD信号的低噪声处理[J] ,数据采集与处理,1998,(增):108～110
[20]张文革,段晨东,董革平,线阵CCD输出信号的处理方法探讨[J],长安大学学报(建筑与环境科学版) ,2004,(01)
[20]江川贵,廖启征,魏世民,基于单片机的线阵CCD实时检测系统的开发[J] ,电子技术应用,2004,30(5)
[21]李为民,邢晓正,戴礼荣等,DSP技术在线阵CCD测量系统中的应用[J] ,仪器仪表学报,2002,23(2):183～185
[22]穆磊,姜德生,戴珩,基于VHDL的线阵CCD驱动电路的设计[J],现代电子技术,2007,(22)
[23]李宏民,唐圣学,基于DSP的实时红外图像处理系统[J],吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(1):81~83
[24]戴春雷,张海,基于DSP的最小图像采集处理系统设计[J],单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(12):19~22
[25]彭佳文,姚志成,彭佳红,一种单片机多机通信系统的设计[J],微计算机信息,2008,24(2):131～133
[26]熊飞,魏宗寿,基于PCI总线的智能双通道RS422通信卡设计[J],铁路计算机应用,2010,(07)
[27]徐冠捷,陈力平,曹柏荣,基于单片机的程控交换机多机通信应用[J],微计算机信息,2007,23(20):80~82
[28] Texas Instruments (TI).TL16C752B 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl16c752b.pdf[Z],2010
[29] Maxim Integrated Products.MAX491 low-power transceivers for RS-485 and RS-422 communication.http:// datasheets.maxim-ic.com /en/ds/ MAX1487- MAX491 .pdf[Z],2009
[30] Lattice Semiconductor Corporation.ispMACH 4000V/B/C/Z Family 3.3V/2.5V/1.8V In-System Programmable SuperFAST High Density PLDs.http://www.latticesemi.com/lit/docs/datasheets/cpld/DS1020.pdf ,2009
[31]黄东海,郑力新,黄传明.DSP色选机分选系统数字信号处理算法[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(3):248-251.
[32]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨,TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用[M],第2版,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[33]任丽香,TMS320C6000系列DSPS的原理与应用[M] ,北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[34] Texas Instruments (TI).TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320dm642.pdf[Z],2010
[35] Texas Instruments (TI).TMS320C6000 DSP Peripherals Overview Reference Guide.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru190q/spru190q.pdf,2009
[36]陈光建,贾金玲,基于单片机的I2C总线系统设计[J],仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):2465~2466
[37]公茂忠,刘汉奎,徐殿国,FLASH存储器的在系统编程及其在DSP系统中的应用[J],电子技术应用,2002,(03)
[38]夏爽,通过JTAG口对DSP外部Flash存储器的在线编程[J],单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,(8):31～33
[39]肖东雷,李大寨,王巍,基于TMS320DM642的运动物体跟踪系统设计[J],军民两用技术与产品,2007,(09):36~38
[40]高申玉,刘金刚,人体运动实时捕捉仪器设计与应用[J] ,现代仪器,2005,(02)
[41]赵建伟,尹岗,基于DM642的数字图像采集小系统[J],兵工自动化,2006, 25(05):74~77
[42]孙咏,黄丹丹,任俊等,CPLD在DSP实时图像采集系统中的应用[J],江南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,5(02):158～161
[43]白雷石,杨华,基于DSP的图像灰度校正[J],微电子技术,2002,30(3):28~31
[44]林凌,张丽君,李刚,基于FPGA过采样技术及实现[J],电子产品世界,2010,17(06):53~56
[45]夏春华,陈燕生,基于过采样技术的远距离读卡系统的实现[J],山西电子技术,2010,(4)
[46] Lattice Semiconductor Corporation.ispLEVER software. http:// www .latticesemi .com/ products/ designsoftware/isplever/isplever /whatsnewinisplever .cfm
[47]严蔚敏,吴伟民,数据结构(C语言版)[M] ,北京:清华大学出版社,2002.63~65
[48]胡寿松,自动控制原理[M],北京:科学出版社,2001.302~303
[49] Texas Instruments (TI).TMS320C6000 Programmer’s Guide. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru198j/spru198j.pdf,2010
[2]乔艳芳,李馨,孙鹏,食品光电色选技术装备设计及应用[J],农机化研究, 2005,27(2):118~119
[3]张麟,光电色选机及其应用[J],农机与食品机械,1997,(5):24~27
[4]李素梅,如何正确认识白米色选机[J],粮食与饲料工业,2002,(07):12~14
[5]坎杂,李景彬,江英兰等,5MZX-96脱绒棉种色选机的研究,石河子大学学报(自然科版),2005,(6):749~751
[6]杜润鸿,布勒Z系列色选机[J] ,粮油加工,2007 ,(5),42~44
[7]贺为群,浅谈RNGS系列色选机的创新点,粮食与饲料工业[J],2006,(07)
[8]魏礼俊,基于DSP的大米色选机的研制:[硕士学位论文][D],安徽;合肥工业大学,2005
[9]张麟,张小燕,光电色选机的结构及其特点[J] ,包装与食品机械,1997,(2):21~25
[10]高小荣,用于稻米色选机的供料滑槽,中国专利,200620165430,20071219
[11]谯洋,基于FPGA的光电分选机检测系统的设计:[硕士学位论文][D],大连;大连理工大学,2007
[12]杨德志,郑力新,基于CAN总线的光电色选机电气系统设计[J] ,粮食与饲料工业,2008,(7) :3～5
[13]刘玉玲,郑力新,基于TMS320C2812的光电色选机色差信号处理板[ J ] ,粮食与饲料工业,2007, (8):8～9
[14]林新春,一种多机通信装置及其多机通信的实现方法,中国专利,02134608,2005-11-23
[15]徐大诚,翁桂荣,线阵CCD数据的高速采集系统[J],传感器技术,2002,21(9):45～48
[16] TOSHIBA Inc.TCD1209D Image Sensors.TCD1209D data sheet[Z],2001
[17] TOSHIBA Inc.TCD1209DG Image Sensors.TCD1209DG data sheet[Z],2004
[18] EXAR Corporation.XRD9855 CCD image digitizers for digital cameras.XRD9855 data sheet[Z],2001.4
[19]李永远,CCD信号的低噪声处理[J] ,数据采集与处理,1998,(增):108～110
[20]张文革,段晨东,董革平,线阵CCD输出信号的处理方法探讨[J],长安大学学报(建筑与环境科学版) ,2004,(01)
[20]江川贵,廖启征,魏世民,基于单片机的线阵CCD实时检测系统的开发[J] ,电子技术应用,2004,30(5)
[21]李为民,邢晓正,戴礼荣等,DSP技术在线阵CCD测量系统中的应用[J] ,仪器仪表学报,2002,23(2):183～185
[22]穆磊,姜德生,戴珩,基于VHDL的线阵CCD驱动电路的设计[J],现代电子技术,2007,(22)
[23]李宏民,唐圣学,基于DSP的实时红外图像处理系统[J],吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(1):81~83
[24]戴春雷,张海,基于DSP的最小图像采集处理系统设计[J],单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(12):19~22
[25]彭佳文,姚志成,彭佳红,一种单片机多机通信系统的设计[J],微计算机信息,2008,24(2):131～133
[26]熊飞,魏宗寿,基于PCI总线的智能双通道RS422通信卡设计[J],铁路计算机应用,2010,(07)
[27]徐冠捷,陈力平,曹柏荣,基于单片机的程控交换机多机通信应用[J],微计算机信息,2007,23(20):80~82
[28] Texas Instruments (TI).TL16C752B 3.3-V DUAL UART WITH 64-BYTE FIFO. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl16c752b.pdf[Z],2010
[29] Maxim Integrated Products.MAX491 low-power transceivers for RS-485 and RS-422 communication.http:// datasheets.maxim-ic.com /en/ds/ MAX1487- MAX491 .pdf[Z],2009
[30] Lattice Semiconductor Corporation.ispMACH 4000V/B/C/Z Family 3.3V/2.5V/1.8V In-System Programmable SuperFAST High Density PLDs.http://www.latticesemi.com/lit/docs/datasheets/cpld/DS1020.pdf ,2009
[31]黄东海,郑力新,黄传明.DSP色选机分选系统数字信号处理算法[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(3):248-251.
[32]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨,TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用[M],第2版,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[33]任丽香,TMS320C6000系列DSPS的原理与应用[M] ,北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[34] Texas Instruments (TI).TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320dm642.pdf[Z],2010
[35] Texas Instruments (TI).TMS320C6000 DSP Peripherals Overview Reference Guide.http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru190q/spru190q.pdf,2009
[36]陈光建,贾金玲,基于单片机的I2C总线系统设计[J],仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):2465~2466
[37]公茂忠,刘汉奎,徐殿国,FLASH存储器的在系统编程及其在DSP系统中的应用[J],电子技术应用,2002,(03)
[38]夏爽,通过JTAG口对DSP外部Flash存储器的在线编程[J],单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,(8):31～33
[39]肖东雷,李大寨,王巍,基于TMS320DM642的运动物体跟踪系统设计[J],军民两用技术与产品,2007,(09):36~38
[40]高申玉,刘金刚,人体运动实时捕捉仪器设计与应用[J] ,现代仪器,2005,(02)
[41]赵建伟,尹岗,基于DM642的数字图像采集小系统[J],兵工自动化,2006, 25(05):74~77
[42]孙咏,黄丹丹,任俊等,CPLD在DSP实时图像采集系统中的应用[J],江南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,5(02):158～161
[43]白雷石,杨华,基于DSP的图像灰度校正[J],微电子技术,2002,30(3):28~31
[44]林凌,张丽君,李刚,基于FPGA过采样技术及实现[J],电子产品世界,2010,17(06):53~56
[45]夏春华,陈燕生,基于过采样技术的远距离读卡系统的实现[J],山西电子技术,2010,(4)
[46] Lattice Semiconductor Corporation.ispLEVER software. http:// www .latticesemi .com/ products/ designsoftware/isplever/isplever /whatsnewinisplever .cfm
[47]严蔚敏,吴伟民,数据结构(C语言版)[M] ,北京:清华大学出版社,2002.63~65
[48]胡寿松,自动控制原理[M],北京:科学出版社,2001.302~303
[49] Texas Instruments (TI).TMS320C6000 Programmer’s Guide. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ug/spru198j/spru198j.pdf,2010