基于OFDR复用的光纤光栅传感系统的研究
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摘要
光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)是近几年来发展最为迅速的光纤无源器件之一,由于它的许多独特优点,在光纤通信、光纤传感领域具有广阔的应用前景。光纤光栅作为传感元件的突出优点是可以通过复用技术构成分布式传感网络,实现多点测量。因此光纤光栅的解调及复用技术成为当前国内外研究的热点。
本文分析了FBG的应变及温度传感机理,概括介绍了几种常见的光纤光栅的解调及复用技术,在理论上给出了以可调谐F-P滤波技术和光频域反射(OFDR)复用技术相结合构成分布式FBG传感网络的具体方案。
本文以Micron Optics研制的光纤F-P可调谐滤波器为核心元件,构建了基于可调谐F-P滤波器的解调装置,由三角波发生器、压控振荡器(VCO)、光强度调制器、乘法器以及频谱分析仪等构成了OFDR复用装置,用微动平台和电热恒温热水槽来模拟外界的应变和温度信号,进行了FBG应变和温度解调试验,完成了对3×3的FBG传感矩阵的地址查询工作,实现了FBG的分布式测量。并给出了基于OFDR复用的光纤光栅传感系统的温度补偿方案,以减小外界温度对传感系统的影响。为了提高系统的智能化程度及测量精度给出了系统的改进型方案。
Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is a new type of passive optical components which has been developed quickly in recently years. It has been greatly applied in optical fiber communication and optical sensors for its unique merit. As a sensing element, Fiber grating’s distinguished advantage is that it can realize distributed sensing by the multiplex techniques, therefore, lots of researchers are interested in fiber grating sensing demodulation and multiplex techniques.
In this dissertation, we analyze the strain and temperature sensing principle of FBG, generally introduce several demodulation and multiplex techniques of fiber grating, a distributed FBG sensing network system that combines tunable F-P filter and optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) is put forward.
We construct a demodulator using fiber tunable F-P filter as a core element, make-up a OFDR multiplex system which is consist of triangle generator, voltage controlled oscillator(VCO), light intensity modulator, multiplier and frequency analyzer. Micro-active instrument and electric-heated thermostatic tanker are used to simulate external signal of strain and temperature, though FBG strain and temperature demodulation experiment, we inquiry the address of 3×3sensing matrix, realize the distributed FBG sensing network, due to the effect of external temperature, a temperature compensation is designed. In order to be more accuracy and smarter, a improved system is put forward.
本文分析了FBG的应变及温度传感机理,概括介绍了几种常见的光纤光栅的解调及复用技术,在理论上给出了以可调谐F-P滤波技术和光频域反射(OFDR)复用技术相结合构成分布式FBG传感网络的具体方案。
本文以Micron Optics研制的光纤F-P可调谐滤波器为核心元件,构建了基于可调谐F-P滤波器的解调装置,由三角波发生器、压控振荡器(VCO)、光强度调制器、乘法器以及频谱分析仪等构成了OFDR复用装置,用微动平台和电热恒温热水槽来模拟外界的应变和温度信号,进行了FBG应变和温度解调试验,完成了对3×3的FBG传感矩阵的地址查询工作,实现了FBG的分布式测量。并给出了基于OFDR复用的光纤光栅传感系统的温度补偿方案,以减小外界温度对传感系统的影响。为了提高系统的智能化程度及测量精度给出了系统的改进型方案。
Fiber Bragg grating(FBG) is a new type of passive optical components which has been developed quickly in recently years. It has been greatly applied in optical fiber communication and optical sensors for its unique merit. As a sensing element, Fiber grating’s distinguished advantage is that it can realize distributed sensing by the multiplex techniques, therefore, lots of researchers are interested in fiber grating sensing demodulation and multiplex techniques.
In this dissertation, we analyze the strain and temperature sensing principle of FBG, generally introduce several demodulation and multiplex techniques of fiber grating, a distributed FBG sensing network system that combines tunable F-P filter and optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) is put forward.
We construct a demodulator using fiber tunable F-P filter as a core element, make-up a OFDR multiplex system which is consist of triangle generator, voltage controlled oscillator(VCO), light intensity modulator, multiplier and frequency analyzer. Micro-active instrument and electric-heated thermostatic tanker are used to simulate external signal of strain and temperature, though FBG strain and temperature demodulation experiment, we inquiry the address of 3×3sensing matrix, realize the distributed FBG sensing network, due to the effect of external temperature, a temperature compensation is designed. In order to be more accuracy and smarter, a improved system is put forward.
引文
[1] HILL K O,FUJII Y,JOHNSON D C,et al.Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Waveguide Application to Reflection Filter Fabrication[J].Applied Physics Letters,1978,32(10):647-649.
[2] HILL K O,MALO B,BILODEAU F,et al.Bragg Grating Fabricated in Mono-mode Photosensitive Optical Fiber by UV Exposure through a Phase Mask[J].Applied Physics Letters,1993,62:1035.
[3]黄章勇.光纤通信新型光无源器件[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2003:15-50.
[4]曹哗,刘波.光纤光栅传感技术研究现状及发展前景[J].传感器技术,2005,24(12):3-4.
[5] PEREIRA D A,FRAZAO O,SANTOS J L.Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing System for Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature[J].Opt Eng,2004,43(2):299-304.
[6] KERSEY A D,DAVIS M A,PATRICK H J.Fiber Grating Sensors J Light Wave Technology[J].Applied Physics Letters,1997,15(8):1442-1463.
[7]黄勇林,童峥嵘,项阳,等.用光纤光栅的啁啾效应实现温度不敏感的位移测量[J].中国激光,2002:25-36.
[8]童峥嵘,黄勇林,蒙红云,等.一种新颖的光纤光栅位移传感的研究[J].传感技术学报.2002,15(1):10-13.
[9] LI H N,LI D S,SONG G B.Recent Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors to Health Monitoring in Civil Engineering[J].Engineering Structure,2004,26(11):1647-1657.
[10] CAPONERO M A,COLONNA C,STASZEWSKI W,et al.Use of FBG Sensors for Bridge Structural Monitoring and Traffic Control[J].Pro SPIE,2004,5502:480-483.
[11]欧进萍,周智.光纤光栅传感器及其在大型机构工程健康监测领域的应用[C].光纤传感器的发展与产业化国际论坛,中国平湖,2005:4-25.
[12] CAPONERO M A,COLONNA C,STASZEWSKI W,al et.Use of FBG Sensors for Bridge Structural Monitoring and Traffic Control[J].Proc SPIE,2004,5502:480-483.
[13] OBERSON P,HUTTNER B,GUINNARD O,et al.Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry with A Narrow Line Width Fiber Laser[C].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000,12(7):867-869.
[14] HOTATE K Z,SONG X L,HE Z Y.Stress-location Measurement Along an Optical Fiber by Synthesis of Triangle-shaped Optical Coherence Function[C].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001,13(3):233-235.
[15]余有龙.光纤光栅传感器及其网络化技术[M].黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2003:112-230.
[16]耿军平.分布式光纤温度传感器研究的进展及趋势[J].传感器技术,2001:15-30.
[17] KERSEY A D,BERKOFF T A.Dual Wavelength Fiber Interferometer with Wavelength Selection via Fiber Bragg Grating Elements[J].Electron Letters,1992,28 (13):1215-1216.
[18] WEIS R S,KERSEY A D,BERKO T A.A Four-element Fiber Graring Sensor Array with Phase-sensitive Detection[C].IEEE Photo Tech Letters,1994,6(12):1469-1472.
[19]余有龙,谭华耀,锺永康.基于干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统[J].光学学报,2001,21(8):987-989.
[20] KERSEY A D,BERKOFF T A,MOREY W W.High Resokution Fiber Grating based Strain Sensor with Interferometric Wavelength Shift Detection[J].Electron Letters,1992,28(3):236-238.
[21] JACKSON D A,LOBO A B,REEKIE L.Simple Multiplexing Scheme for A Fiber-optic Grating Sensor Network[J].Opt Letters,1993,18(14):1192-1194.
[22] DAVIS M A,KERSY A D.Matched-filter Interrogation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays[J].Electron Letters,2005,31(10):822-823.
[23] FERREIRA L A,LASNTOS J.Demodulation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors using Two Marched Gratings[C].IEEE Photo Tech Letters,Vol.1997,9(4):487-489.
[24] KERSEY A D,BERKOFF T A,MOREY W W.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Grating Strain-sensor System with A Fiber Fabry-Perot Wavelength Filter[J].Opt Letters,1993,18(16):1370-1372.
[25]余有龙,谭华耀,锺永康.基于可调F-P滤波器的光纤光栅传感器阵列查询技术[J].中国激光,2000,27(12):1103-1106.
[26] DAVIS M A , DKERSYT A . All-fiber Bragg Grating Strain-sensor Demodulation Technique using a Wavelength Division Coupler[J].Electron Letters,2004,30(1):75-77.
[27] LOBO A B,FERREIRA L A,SANTOS J L.All-fiber Interrogation Technique for Fiber Bragg Sensors using a Biconical Fiber Filter[J].Electron Letters,2006,32(4):382-383.
[28] SEOK H Y,RICHARDSON D J,BYOUNG Y K.Interrogation of Fiber Grating Sensor Arrays with A Wavelength-swept Fiber Laser[J].Optics Letters,1998,23(11):843.
[29]余有龙,谭华耀,王骐.基于光纤激光器的波分复用光纤光栅传感系统[J].光学学报,2002,22(5):592-595.
[30] BALL G A,MOREY W W,CHEO P K.Fiber Laser Source/analyzer for Bragg Grating Sensor Array Interrogation[J].Journal of Lightwave Tech,2004,12(4):700-703.
[31] DAVIS M A,BELLEMORE D G,PUTNAM A.Interrogation of 60 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors with Microstrain Resolution Capability[J].Electron Letters,1996,32(15):1393-1394.
[32] BALL G A.Fiber Laser Source/analyzer for Bragg Grating Sensor Array Interrogation[J].Journal of Lightwave Tech,2004,12(4):700-703.
[33] BERKOFF T A,KERSEY A D.Fiber Bragg Grating Array Sensor System using A Bandpass Wavelength Division Multiplexer and Interferometric Detection[J].IEEE Photon Tech Letters,1996,8(11):1552-1524.
[34] MIZRAHL V,ERDOGAN T D,DIGIOVANNI D J.Four Channel Fiber Grating Demultiplex[J].Electronics Letters,2008,30(10):780-781.
[35] RAO Y J,KALLI K K,WEBB D J.Spatially Multiplexed Fiber-optic Bragg Grating Strain and Temperature Sensor System based on Interferometric Wavelength-shift Detection[J].Electron Letters,1995,31(12):1009-1010.
[36] RAO Y J,RIBEIRO A B,JACKSON D A,al et.Simultaneous Spatial Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed in Fiber Grating Sensing Network[J].Opt Commun,2006,125:53-58.
[37] OBERSON P,HUTTNER B,GUINNARD O,et al.Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry with A Narrow Linewidth Fiber Laser[J].IEEE PhotoTech Letters,2005,12(7):867-869.
[38]胡勇勤.光纤光栅传感器的解调方法的研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表, 2004,(5):11-14.
[39]刘云启,刘志国,郭转运,等.光纤光栅传感器的调谐滤波检测技术[J].光学学报,2001,21(1):88-92.
[40]马卫东,施伟,付浩军,等.光纤光栅传感器的工作原理及研究进展[J].光通信研究,2001,4(16):58-62.
[41]曾剑.光纤光栅传感网络解调系统及其在水听探测技术中的实验研究[D].天津:南开大学,2004.
[42]张伟刚.纤栅式传感系列器件的设计与技术研究[D].天津:南开大学,2002.
[43] MELTZ G,MOREY W W,GLENN W H.Formation of Bragg Gratings in Optical Fibers by Transverse Holographic Method[J].Opt Letters,1989,14(15):823-825.
[44] VILLATORO J , MONZON-HERNANDEZ D , TALAVERA D . High Resolution Refractive Index Sensing with Cladded Multimode Tapered Optical Fiber[J].Electronics Letters,2004,40(2):106-107.
[45] SHAO L Y,DONG X Y,ZHANG A P,et al.High-resolution Strain and Temperature Sensor based on Distributed Bragg Reflector Fiber Laser[J].IEEE Photonics Tech Letters,2007, 19(20):1598-1600.
[2] HILL K O,MALO B,BILODEAU F,et al.Bragg Grating Fabricated in Mono-mode Photosensitive Optical Fiber by UV Exposure through a Phase Mask[J].Applied Physics Letters,1993,62:1035.
[3]黄章勇.光纤通信新型光无源器件[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2003:15-50.
[4]曹哗,刘波.光纤光栅传感技术研究现状及发展前景[J].传感器技术,2005,24(12):3-4.
[5] PEREIRA D A,FRAZAO O,SANTOS J L.Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing System for Simultaneous Measurement of Salinity and Temperature[J].Opt Eng,2004,43(2):299-304.
[6] KERSEY A D,DAVIS M A,PATRICK H J.Fiber Grating Sensors J Light Wave Technology[J].Applied Physics Letters,1997,15(8):1442-1463.
[7]黄勇林,童峥嵘,项阳,等.用光纤光栅的啁啾效应实现温度不敏感的位移测量[J].中国激光,2002:25-36.
[8]童峥嵘,黄勇林,蒙红云,等.一种新颖的光纤光栅位移传感的研究[J].传感技术学报.2002,15(1):10-13.
[9] LI H N,LI D S,SONG G B.Recent Applications of Fiber Optic Sensors to Health Monitoring in Civil Engineering[J].Engineering Structure,2004,26(11):1647-1657.
[10] CAPONERO M A,COLONNA C,STASZEWSKI W,et al.Use of FBG Sensors for Bridge Structural Monitoring and Traffic Control[J].Pro SPIE,2004,5502:480-483.
[11]欧进萍,周智.光纤光栅传感器及其在大型机构工程健康监测领域的应用[C].光纤传感器的发展与产业化国际论坛,中国平湖,2005:4-25.
[12] CAPONERO M A,COLONNA C,STASZEWSKI W,al et.Use of FBG Sensors for Bridge Structural Monitoring and Traffic Control[J].Proc SPIE,2004,5502:480-483.
[13] OBERSON P,HUTTNER B,GUINNARD O,et al.Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry with A Narrow Line Width Fiber Laser[C].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2000,12(7):867-869.
[14] HOTATE K Z,SONG X L,HE Z Y.Stress-location Measurement Along an Optical Fiber by Synthesis of Triangle-shaped Optical Coherence Function[C].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2001,13(3):233-235.
[15]余有龙.光纤光栅传感器及其网络化技术[M].黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2003:112-230.
[16]耿军平.分布式光纤温度传感器研究的进展及趋势[J].传感器技术,2001:15-30.
[17] KERSEY A D,BERKOFF T A.Dual Wavelength Fiber Interferometer with Wavelength Selection via Fiber Bragg Grating Elements[J].Electron Letters,1992,28 (13):1215-1216.
[18] WEIS R S,KERSEY A D,BERKO T A.A Four-element Fiber Graring Sensor Array with Phase-sensitive Detection[C].IEEE Photo Tech Letters,1994,6(12):1469-1472.
[19]余有龙,谭华耀,锺永康.基于干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统[J].光学学报,2001,21(8):987-989.
[20] KERSEY A D,BERKOFF T A,MOREY W W.High Resokution Fiber Grating based Strain Sensor with Interferometric Wavelength Shift Detection[J].Electron Letters,1992,28(3):236-238.
[21] JACKSON D A,LOBO A B,REEKIE L.Simple Multiplexing Scheme for A Fiber-optic Grating Sensor Network[J].Opt Letters,1993,18(14):1192-1194.
[22] DAVIS M A,KERSY A D.Matched-filter Interrogation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays[J].Electron Letters,2005,31(10):822-823.
[23] FERREIRA L A,LASNTOS J.Demodulation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors using Two Marched Gratings[C].IEEE Photo Tech Letters,Vol.1997,9(4):487-489.
[24] KERSEY A D,BERKOFF T A,MOREY W W.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Grating Strain-sensor System with A Fiber Fabry-Perot Wavelength Filter[J].Opt Letters,1993,18(16):1370-1372.
[25]余有龙,谭华耀,锺永康.基于可调F-P滤波器的光纤光栅传感器阵列查询技术[J].中国激光,2000,27(12):1103-1106.
[26] DAVIS M A , DKERSYT A . All-fiber Bragg Grating Strain-sensor Demodulation Technique using a Wavelength Division Coupler[J].Electron Letters,2004,30(1):75-77.
[27] LOBO A B,FERREIRA L A,SANTOS J L.All-fiber Interrogation Technique for Fiber Bragg Sensors using a Biconical Fiber Filter[J].Electron Letters,2006,32(4):382-383.
[28] SEOK H Y,RICHARDSON D J,BYOUNG Y K.Interrogation of Fiber Grating Sensor Arrays with A Wavelength-swept Fiber Laser[J].Optics Letters,1998,23(11):843.
[29]余有龙,谭华耀,王骐.基于光纤激光器的波分复用光纤光栅传感系统[J].光学学报,2002,22(5):592-595.
[30] BALL G A,MOREY W W,CHEO P K.Fiber Laser Source/analyzer for Bragg Grating Sensor Array Interrogation[J].Journal of Lightwave Tech,2004,12(4):700-703.
[31] DAVIS M A,BELLEMORE D G,PUTNAM A.Interrogation of 60 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors with Microstrain Resolution Capability[J].Electron Letters,1996,32(15):1393-1394.
[32] BALL G A.Fiber Laser Source/analyzer for Bragg Grating Sensor Array Interrogation[J].Journal of Lightwave Tech,2004,12(4):700-703.
[33] BERKOFF T A,KERSEY A D.Fiber Bragg Grating Array Sensor System using A Bandpass Wavelength Division Multiplexer and Interferometric Detection[J].IEEE Photon Tech Letters,1996,8(11):1552-1524.
[34] MIZRAHL V,ERDOGAN T D,DIGIOVANNI D J.Four Channel Fiber Grating Demultiplex[J].Electronics Letters,2008,30(10):780-781.
[35] RAO Y J,KALLI K K,WEBB D J.Spatially Multiplexed Fiber-optic Bragg Grating Strain and Temperature Sensor System based on Interferometric Wavelength-shift Detection[J].Electron Letters,1995,31(12):1009-1010.
[36] RAO Y J,RIBEIRO A B,JACKSON D A,al et.Simultaneous Spatial Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexed in Fiber Grating Sensing Network[J].Opt Commun,2006,125:53-58.
[37] OBERSON P,HUTTNER B,GUINNARD O,et al.Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry with A Narrow Linewidth Fiber Laser[J].IEEE PhotoTech Letters,2005,12(7):867-869.
[38]胡勇勤.光纤光栅传感器的解调方法的研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表, 2004,(5):11-14.
[39]刘云启,刘志国,郭转运,等.光纤光栅传感器的调谐滤波检测技术[J].光学学报,2001,21(1):88-92.
[40]马卫东,施伟,付浩军,等.光纤光栅传感器的工作原理及研究进展[J].光通信研究,2001,4(16):58-62.
[41]曾剑.光纤光栅传感网络解调系统及其在水听探测技术中的实验研究[D].天津:南开大学,2004.
[42]张伟刚.纤栅式传感系列器件的设计与技术研究[D].天津:南开大学,2002.
[43] MELTZ G,MOREY W W,GLENN W H.Formation of Bragg Gratings in Optical Fibers by Transverse Holographic Method[J].Opt Letters,1989,14(15):823-825.
[44] VILLATORO J , MONZON-HERNANDEZ D , TALAVERA D . High Resolution Refractive Index Sensing with Cladded Multimode Tapered Optical Fiber[J].Electronics Letters,2004,40(2):106-107.
[45] SHAO L Y,DONG X Y,ZHANG A P,et al.High-resolution Strain and Temperature Sensor based on Distributed Bragg Reflector Fiber Laser[J].IEEE Photonics Tech Letters,2007, 19(20):1598-1600.