基于动力学方法的特高压输电线微风振动研究
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摘要
输电线微风振动是一个国内外普遍关心的问题，由于振动的高频性和持续性，日益成为输电线路重要的安全隐患，严重妨碍着输电线路的正常运营和成本降低。随着我国“十一五”重点项目1000kV交流特高压输电线路的开工建设，更高、更柔、更大容量的导地线的研制使用，使这个矛盾愈发的尖锐起来，对输电线的微风防振提出了更高的要求。
有别于传统的能量平衡法，本文基于动力学方法研究输电线的微风振动和防振策略。主要包括：基于计算流体动力学的输电线微风振动数值仿真；安装防振锤前后输电线受迫振动的室内模拟实验；基于结构动力学的输电线-防振锤体系数学模型的建立与求解和基于风速、风向概率分布的输电线微风振动疲劳寿命研究等四个部分。旨在建立一套以疲劳寿命为评价标准的，基于动力学方法的输电线微风振动计算方法。
首先利用计算流体动力学理论对输电线微风振动现象进行了数值风洞模拟。不仅通过流体动力学计算再现了经典风洞实验结果，而且对微风振动的自限性机理进行了深入探讨。其次，基于振幅先验性假设，利用微风振动流体动力学模型得到了单根输电线在不同紊流强度下的风功率输入曲线，并拟合了解析表达式，为动力学模型提供了参数化的激励力输入。
参照IEEE标准独立设计实施了输电线振动实验。通过数据分析定性的对比了安装FR-3或是FR-4防振锤后输电线的振动强度，比较了不同防振方案的优劣，研究了张力对输电线振动强度的影响。并研究了防振锤数目、安装位置和混合安装方式对防振效果的影响。通过实验研究为输电线-防振锤动力学模型的建立与求解提供了数据支撑。
在数值风洞和室内实验的基础上，推导了微风激励力函数、输电线等效自阻尼系数和防振锤阻抗表达式，建立了一套直接求解输电线-防振锤体系动力方程的微风振动计算方法。使用四阶精度有限差分格式和迭代算法求解体系动力方程得到输电线各点的稳定振幅和动弯应变值，编制了Fortran计算程序，与实验和经典算例对比验证了程序的可靠性。使用该程序对输电线-防振锤体系动力特性和微风振动影响因素进行了分析。
基于Miner线性损伤累积理论，推导了输电线微风振动疲劳寿命计算公式，将输电线振幅与疲劳寿命联系在一起，并能够考虑风速、风向的概率分布和材料的疲劳特性。以疲劳寿命为评价指标研究了各个影响因素的参数敏感性，特别针对防振锤给出了较优的安装位置，借以经济合理地指导输电线的防振设计。
输电线微风振动由于其复杂性和疲劳破坏的严重性，多年来一直吸引广大学者的关注与研究，但是距离完全解决这个问题仍然任重道远。希望本文的成果能够为输电线微风振动机理、分析计算和抑振策略研究提供参考，为减少微风振动危害提供更有效的解决之道。
Transmission line aeolian vibration is a general concern problem around the world. Because the vibration is high-frequency and durative, it becomes an important security risks for transmission line, and limits to reduce conductor costs. With the construction of 1000kV Ultra High Voltage in China, the conductor is higher, more flexible and larger capacity, which is not conducive to aeolian vibration resistance, and put forward higher requirements for design.
Different from the energy balance method traditionally, dynamics method is employed to research on the transmission line aeolian vibration and vibration control. The dissertation includes the following main content. Numerical simulation of aeolian vibration based on computational fluid dynamics; dynamic model of transmission line-dampers system is modeled and solved by finite difference method; the forced vibration experiment for transmission line with and without dampers attached; study on fatigue life of transmission line aeolian vibration based on the probability distribution of wind speed and direction. It aims at establishing a set of analysis method for transmission line aeolian vibration based on dynamics method and fatigue life.
The numerical simulation on aeolian vibration phenomenon of the transmission line is implemented by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The classical results of wind tunnel experiment are reproduced by CFD, and self-limit phenomenon is discussed. Then based on priori hypothesis of amplitude, wind power input in different wind fields which have different turbulence intensity has been obtained for a single two-dimensional transmission line model.
Transmission line vibration test are designed independently reference to IEEE standards. Vibration intensity about conductor with FR-3 damper is compared with FR-4 damper attached through data analysis. The impact of vibration intensity by tension is asol studied by the test. In the final experiment, a set of experiment are designed for investigating the effect of anti-vibration by damper number, damper location and mixed installation.
Based on CFD numerical simulation and vibration test, aeolian excitation, equivalent self-damping ratio and damper impedance are deducted, and conductor-dampers dynamic equations are modeled. The fourth-order finite difference method and the iterative algorithm are employed to solving the aeolian vibration dynamic equations, and then the steady amplitude & dynamic benting strain can be obtained for ervery point. The calculation software named AVFDP is programed using fortran90. Compared with test and classical date, present result is correct and accurate enough. By using AVFDP program, the system dynamics charactors, the response of transmission line aeolian vibration and the parameter sensitivity can be analysed.
In the last part of dissertation, formula of fatigue life of transmission line aeolian vibration is deduced. The vibration displacement amplitude is related with fatigue life by this formula which can consider the probability distribution of wind speed and direction. Take fatigue life as an evaluation index, the sensitivity of a series of parameters is researched, and optimal dampers location can be obtained.
Becase of complexity of aeolian vibration and ponderance of fatigue failure, transmission line aeolian vibration has been to attract the majority of the attention of scholars. But there is a long road to completely solving the problem. This dissertation presents a new approach, and provides the reference to the study of vibration mechanism, analysis method and control strategy.
有别于传统的能量平衡法，本文基于动力学方法研究输电线的微风振动和防振策略。主要包括：基于计算流体动力学的输电线微风振动数值仿真；安装防振锤前后输电线受迫振动的室内模拟实验；基于结构动力学的输电线-防振锤体系数学模型的建立与求解和基于风速、风向概率分布的输电线微风振动疲劳寿命研究等四个部分。旨在建立一套以疲劳寿命为评价标准的，基于动力学方法的输电线微风振动计算方法。
首先利用计算流体动力学理论对输电线微风振动现象进行了数值风洞模拟。不仅通过流体动力学计算再现了经典风洞实验结果，而且对微风振动的自限性机理进行了深入探讨。其次，基于振幅先验性假设，利用微风振动流体动力学模型得到了单根输电线在不同紊流强度下的风功率输入曲线，并拟合了解析表达式，为动力学模型提供了参数化的激励力输入。
参照IEEE标准独立设计实施了输电线振动实验。通过数据分析定性的对比了安装FR-3或是FR-4防振锤后输电线的振动强度，比较了不同防振方案的优劣，研究了张力对输电线振动强度的影响。并研究了防振锤数目、安装位置和混合安装方式对防振效果的影响。通过实验研究为输电线-防振锤动力学模型的建立与求解提供了数据支撑。
在数值风洞和室内实验的基础上，推导了微风激励力函数、输电线等效自阻尼系数和防振锤阻抗表达式，建立了一套直接求解输电线-防振锤体系动力方程的微风振动计算方法。使用四阶精度有限差分格式和迭代算法求解体系动力方程得到输电线各点的稳定振幅和动弯应变值，编制了Fortran计算程序，与实验和经典算例对比验证了程序的可靠性。使用该程序对输电线-防振锤体系动力特性和微风振动影响因素进行了分析。
基于Miner线性损伤累积理论，推导了输电线微风振动疲劳寿命计算公式，将输电线振幅与疲劳寿命联系在一起，并能够考虑风速、风向的概率分布和材料的疲劳特性。以疲劳寿命为评价指标研究了各个影响因素的参数敏感性，特别针对防振锤给出了较优的安装位置，借以经济合理地指导输电线的防振设计。
输电线微风振动由于其复杂性和疲劳破坏的严重性，多年来一直吸引广大学者的关注与研究，但是距离完全解决这个问题仍然任重道远。希望本文的成果能够为输电线微风振动机理、分析计算和抑振策略研究提供参考，为减少微风振动危害提供更有效的解决之道。
Transmission line aeolian vibration is a general concern problem around the world. Because the vibration is high-frequency and durative, it becomes an important security risks for transmission line, and limits to reduce conductor costs. With the construction of 1000kV Ultra High Voltage in China, the conductor is higher, more flexible and larger capacity, which is not conducive to aeolian vibration resistance, and put forward higher requirements for design.
Different from the energy balance method traditionally, dynamics method is employed to research on the transmission line aeolian vibration and vibration control. The dissertation includes the following main content. Numerical simulation of aeolian vibration based on computational fluid dynamics; dynamic model of transmission line-dampers system is modeled and solved by finite difference method; the forced vibration experiment for transmission line with and without dampers attached; study on fatigue life of transmission line aeolian vibration based on the probability distribution of wind speed and direction. It aims at establishing a set of analysis method for transmission line aeolian vibration based on dynamics method and fatigue life.
The numerical simulation on aeolian vibration phenomenon of the transmission line is implemented by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The classical results of wind tunnel experiment are reproduced by CFD, and self-limit phenomenon is discussed. Then based on priori hypothesis of amplitude, wind power input in different wind fields which have different turbulence intensity has been obtained for a single two-dimensional transmission line model.
Transmission line vibration test are designed independently reference to IEEE standards. Vibration intensity about conductor with FR-3 damper is compared with FR-4 damper attached through data analysis. The impact of vibration intensity by tension is asol studied by the test. In the final experiment, a set of experiment are designed for investigating the effect of anti-vibration by damper number, damper location and mixed installation.
Based on CFD numerical simulation and vibration test, aeolian excitation, equivalent self-damping ratio and damper impedance are deducted, and conductor-dampers dynamic equations are modeled. The fourth-order finite difference method and the iterative algorithm are employed to solving the aeolian vibration dynamic equations, and then the steady amplitude & dynamic benting strain can be obtained for ervery point. The calculation software named AVFDP is programed using fortran90. Compared with test and classical date, present result is correct and accurate enough. By using AVFDP program, the system dynamics charactors, the response of transmission line aeolian vibration and the parameter sensitivity can be analysed.
In the last part of dissertation, formula of fatigue life of transmission line aeolian vibration is deduced. The vibration displacement amplitude is related with fatigue life by this formula which can consider the probability distribution of wind speed and direction. Take fatigue life as an evaluation index, the sensitivity of a series of parameters is researched, and optimal dampers location can be obtained.
Becase of complexity of aeolian vibration and ponderance of fatigue failure, transmission line aeolian vibration has been to attract the majority of the attention of scholars. But there is a long road to completely solving the problem. This dissertation presents a new approach, and provides the reference to the study of vibration mechanism, analysis method and control strategy.
引文
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