酸溶法光纤材料与传像束的制备及性能研究
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摘要
用酸溶法工艺制备的光纤传像束具有单丝直径细、柔软性好、分辨率高、数值孔径大、成像清晰等优点,是目前光电功能材料和纤维光学研究领域最具有活力的研究课题之一,其产品在各类高清晰光纤成像仪器和工业自动化检测等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
本文从纤维光学的基本理论出发,运用几何光学方法探讨了光射线在光纤传像束中的传光、传像机理,结合二维积分抽样定理从理论上全面、系统的分析了光纤传像束及其离散成像的传输规律,依据光波导效应和光传输的全内反射条件,确定了酸溶法单丝纤维的三层同轴结构。
深入研究了材料组成对光纤基质玻璃结构的影响,分析了组成变化对于基质玻璃网络结构的演变以及各种性能的变化缘由,系统研究了光纤基质玻璃的形成规律及其光学特性、热力学特性、化学稳定性等与化学组成的关系。采用高温熔融法制备了纤芯、包层和酸溶层玻璃材料样品。通过DSC、红外光谱等现代分析测试手段对光纤基质玻璃材料样品予以表征,同时对三种基质玻璃材料进行了匹配性设计,确定了满足物化性能要求的高质量纤芯、包层和酸溶层玻璃材料的配方,并制备出了满足拉丝要求的光纤玻璃棒管组合体材料。
采用棒管法开展了单丝、复丝的拉制,确定最佳拉丝温度为580±0.2℃。拉丝实验表明,只有在拉丝炉内的温度波动范围小于0.2℃,且拉丝温度低于析晶上限温度40℃-50℃以上时,才能保证拉丝作业不受析晶及分相问题的影响,才能保证单丝纤维几何结构均匀完整。
集束工艺是制备高分辨率光纤传像束的重要环节,在静态取样的条件下,正六角形序排列传像束的填充系数和极限分辨率均比正方形序排列传像束提高1.15倍,所以本次实验的排丝方式采用正六角形排列方法,以此提高传像束的分辨率。
深入分析了叠片胶粘法和热熔法制备大截面光纤传像束的工艺要素,通过对两种工艺参数和方案的改进与创新,以复丝为作业单元,以直径8um的光纤单丝为传像单元,采用复丝直接层叠胶粘技术和热熔技术成功制备出了分辨率大于50.0lp/mm的不同截面光纤传像束。
通过开展酸的种类、浓度、酸溶温度以及酸溶时间等量化关系研究,确定了最适合硬质光纤传像束酸溶的一系列工艺参数,在时间效应和温度效应的共同作用下,采用低浓度的混合酸溶液(HCl+HNO3),在酸溶温度为35℃-40℃时,酸溶速率最快,酸溶效果最好,这对于降低传像束的断丝率和交扰率,提高传像束的成像质量有较大作用。
进一步研究了影响柔性光纤传像束传像质量的主要因素,重点分析了暗丝的成因以及暗丝的变化规律,提出了改善传像束质量的解决方法和有效措施,在此研究基础上对柔性光纤传像束进行了检测和性能评价。实验得到了单丝直径为8±0.01μm,分辨率为50.0lp/mm～57.5lp/mm,可见光透过率大于39.7%/m,数值孔径大于0.60的不同截面柔性光纤传像束。
本文通过大量的实验研究和理论分析,确定了诸多提高传像束光学性能的有效方法,探索出了各工艺参数之间的最佳匹配关系,形成了一套完整的酸溶法光纤传像束制备工艺及其理论研究体系,这对光纤传像束的广泛应用以及产品的科技创新具有一定的指导意义。
Optical fiber bundle prepared with the acid leaching method has many advantages, such as thin single fiber diameter, softness, high resolution, big numerical aperture, clear imaging, so it is one of activity research topics in the photo electricity function material and fiber optics research field and its products have broad application prospects in the varieties of high resolution fiber imaging devices and industry auto detection fields.
The dissertation started with the fiber optics' basic theory, discussed the principles of the light and image transmission in the optical fiber bundle with the geometrical optics method, analyzed the transmitting rules of the fiber bundle and its discrete imaging generally and systemically combined with two-dimension integral sample theorem, determined the three-layer coaxial structure of the acidic single fiber based on the fiber waveguide effect and light-transfer total internal reflection condition.
The dissertation carried out a thorough study on influences which the material composition has on the optical fiber host glass structure, analyzed the host glass network configuration evolution and various performance alteration reason which are caused by the ingredient alternations and researched systematically the fiber host glass formation regularities and the relationship between its optics characteristics, thermodynamics characteristics, chemistry stabilities and its chemistry ingredients. The glass material samples of fiber core, cladding and acidic layer are prepared with the hyperthermia fusion method.The optical fiber host glass material samples are attributed with the modern measurements of DSC and infrared spectrum and simultaneously the three host glass materials are matching designed to determine the recipes of high quality core, cladding and acidic layer which can meet the physic-chemical performances and the fiber glass rod and tube combination materials which can meet the coaxial requirements are prepared.
The mono-filament and multi-filament are drawn with the rod-tube method to determine the optimal drawing temperature is 580±0.2℃. The drawing experiments showed that the temperature fluctuation of the drawing unit must be less than 0.2℃and the drawing temperature should be less than the crystallization upper temperature of above 40℃-50℃to make sure that the drawing operations will not be influenced by the crystallization and split-phase and the mono-filament fiber geometry is uniform and perfect.
Beam concentration technology is one of the important parts for preparing the high resolution optical fiber imaging bundle. On the static sampling condition that packing factor and limit resolution of the regular hexagon arrangement imaging bundle are increased by 1.15 times than that of square arrangement bundle. So the regular hexagon arrangement is adopted to improve the resolution of the imaging bundle.
In the dissertation, the technology factors for preparing the heavy-section fiber imaging bundle with the lamination adhesion method and hot-melting method were analyzed in depth. various sections fiber imaging bundles whose operation unit is multi-filament and whose image-carrying unit is 8μm-diametral fiber mono-filament with the resolution higher than 50.01p/mm are prepared successfully with multi-filament direct lamination adhesion technology and heat-melting technology through improving and innovating the two technology parameters and scheme.
The dissertation determined series of technology parameters suitable for the hard fiber imaging acid through the research on the acid types, concentration, acid solution temperature and time. The acid solution rate is highest and the effect is best when the mixed acid solution (HCI+HNO3) of low concentration is employed and the acid solution temperature range is 35℃-40℃. Those played an important part in decreasing the wire-broken rate and cross rate of the imaging and improving the imaging quality.
The dissertation carried out a further study on the main factors for influencing the imaging quality of the flexibility fiber imaging bundle, analyzed the dark silk genetic and variable regularity and proposed settle methods and effective measures for improving the imaging bundle quality. Then the flexibility fiber imaging bundle is detected and evaluated. The flexibility fiber imaging bundles of different sections are get by experiments whose mono-filament diameter is 8±0.01μm. resolution is 50.01p/mm-57.51p/mm, visible light penetrated rate is higher than 39.7%/m and numerical aperture is greater than 0.60.
The dissertation proposed several effective methods for improving the imaging bundle optical performance and optimal matching relationship among the technology parameters through the amounts of experiments and theory analyses. The optical fiber imaging bundle preparing technology and its theory research system are formed and which will guide the wide application of the fiber imaging bundles and technology innovation of the products.
本文从纤维光学的基本理论出发,运用几何光学方法探讨了光射线在光纤传像束中的传光、传像机理,结合二维积分抽样定理从理论上全面、系统的分析了光纤传像束及其离散成像的传输规律,依据光波导效应和光传输的全内反射条件,确定了酸溶法单丝纤维的三层同轴结构。
深入研究了材料组成对光纤基质玻璃结构的影响,分析了组成变化对于基质玻璃网络结构的演变以及各种性能的变化缘由,系统研究了光纤基质玻璃的形成规律及其光学特性、热力学特性、化学稳定性等与化学组成的关系。采用高温熔融法制备了纤芯、包层和酸溶层玻璃材料样品。通过DSC、红外光谱等现代分析测试手段对光纤基质玻璃材料样品予以表征,同时对三种基质玻璃材料进行了匹配性设计,确定了满足物化性能要求的高质量纤芯、包层和酸溶层玻璃材料的配方,并制备出了满足拉丝要求的光纤玻璃棒管组合体材料。
采用棒管法开展了单丝、复丝的拉制,确定最佳拉丝温度为580±0.2℃。拉丝实验表明,只有在拉丝炉内的温度波动范围小于0.2℃,且拉丝温度低于析晶上限温度40℃-50℃以上时,才能保证拉丝作业不受析晶及分相问题的影响,才能保证单丝纤维几何结构均匀完整。
集束工艺是制备高分辨率光纤传像束的重要环节,在静态取样的条件下,正六角形序排列传像束的填充系数和极限分辨率均比正方形序排列传像束提高1.15倍,所以本次实验的排丝方式采用正六角形排列方法,以此提高传像束的分辨率。
深入分析了叠片胶粘法和热熔法制备大截面光纤传像束的工艺要素,通过对两种工艺参数和方案的改进与创新,以复丝为作业单元,以直径8um的光纤单丝为传像单元,采用复丝直接层叠胶粘技术和热熔技术成功制备出了分辨率大于50.0lp/mm的不同截面光纤传像束。
通过开展酸的种类、浓度、酸溶温度以及酸溶时间等量化关系研究,确定了最适合硬质光纤传像束酸溶的一系列工艺参数,在时间效应和温度效应的共同作用下,采用低浓度的混合酸溶液(HCl+HNO3),在酸溶温度为35℃-40℃时,酸溶速率最快,酸溶效果最好,这对于降低传像束的断丝率和交扰率,提高传像束的成像质量有较大作用。
进一步研究了影响柔性光纤传像束传像质量的主要因素,重点分析了暗丝的成因以及暗丝的变化规律,提出了改善传像束质量的解决方法和有效措施,在此研究基础上对柔性光纤传像束进行了检测和性能评价。实验得到了单丝直径为8±0.01μm,分辨率为50.0lp/mm～57.5lp/mm,可见光透过率大于39.7%/m,数值孔径大于0.60的不同截面柔性光纤传像束。
本文通过大量的实验研究和理论分析,确定了诸多提高传像束光学性能的有效方法,探索出了各工艺参数之间的最佳匹配关系,形成了一套完整的酸溶法光纤传像束制备工艺及其理论研究体系,这对光纤传像束的广泛应用以及产品的科技创新具有一定的指导意义。
Optical fiber bundle prepared with the acid leaching method has many advantages, such as thin single fiber diameter, softness, high resolution, big numerical aperture, clear imaging, so it is one of activity research topics in the photo electricity function material and fiber optics research field and its products have broad application prospects in the varieties of high resolution fiber imaging devices and industry auto detection fields.
The dissertation started with the fiber optics' basic theory, discussed the principles of the light and image transmission in the optical fiber bundle with the geometrical optics method, analyzed the transmitting rules of the fiber bundle and its discrete imaging generally and systemically combined with two-dimension integral sample theorem, determined the three-layer coaxial structure of the acidic single fiber based on the fiber waveguide effect and light-transfer total internal reflection condition.
The dissertation carried out a thorough study on influences which the material composition has on the optical fiber host glass structure, analyzed the host glass network configuration evolution and various performance alteration reason which are caused by the ingredient alternations and researched systematically the fiber host glass formation regularities and the relationship between its optics characteristics, thermodynamics characteristics, chemistry stabilities and its chemistry ingredients. The glass material samples of fiber core, cladding and acidic layer are prepared with the hyperthermia fusion method.The optical fiber host glass material samples are attributed with the modern measurements of DSC and infrared spectrum and simultaneously the three host glass materials are matching designed to determine the recipes of high quality core, cladding and acidic layer which can meet the physic-chemical performances and the fiber glass rod and tube combination materials which can meet the coaxial requirements are prepared.
The mono-filament and multi-filament are drawn with the rod-tube method to determine the optimal drawing temperature is 580±0.2℃. The drawing experiments showed that the temperature fluctuation of the drawing unit must be less than 0.2℃and the drawing temperature should be less than the crystallization upper temperature of above 40℃-50℃to make sure that the drawing operations will not be influenced by the crystallization and split-phase and the mono-filament fiber geometry is uniform and perfect.
Beam concentration technology is one of the important parts for preparing the high resolution optical fiber imaging bundle. On the static sampling condition that packing factor and limit resolution of the regular hexagon arrangement imaging bundle are increased by 1.15 times than that of square arrangement bundle. So the regular hexagon arrangement is adopted to improve the resolution of the imaging bundle.
In the dissertation, the technology factors for preparing the heavy-section fiber imaging bundle with the lamination adhesion method and hot-melting method were analyzed in depth. various sections fiber imaging bundles whose operation unit is multi-filament and whose image-carrying unit is 8μm-diametral fiber mono-filament with the resolution higher than 50.01p/mm are prepared successfully with multi-filament direct lamination adhesion technology and heat-melting technology through improving and innovating the two technology parameters and scheme.
The dissertation determined series of technology parameters suitable for the hard fiber imaging acid through the research on the acid types, concentration, acid solution temperature and time. The acid solution rate is highest and the effect is best when the mixed acid solution (HCI+HNO3) of low concentration is employed and the acid solution temperature range is 35℃-40℃. Those played an important part in decreasing the wire-broken rate and cross rate of the imaging and improving the imaging quality.
The dissertation carried out a further study on the main factors for influencing the imaging quality of the flexibility fiber imaging bundle, analyzed the dark silk genetic and variable regularity and proposed settle methods and effective measures for improving the imaging bundle quality. Then the flexibility fiber imaging bundle is detected and evaluated. The flexibility fiber imaging bundles of different sections are get by experiments whose mono-filament diameter is 8±0.01μm. resolution is 50.01p/mm-57.51p/mm, visible light penetrated rate is higher than 39.7%/m and numerical aperture is greater than 0.60.
The dissertation proposed several effective methods for improving the imaging bundle optical performance and optimal matching relationship among the technology parameters through the amounts of experiments and theory analyses. The optical fiber imaging bundle preparing technology and its theory research system are formed and which will guide the wide application of the fiber imaging bundles and technology innovation of the products.
引文
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