基于双包层光纤的1550nm放大器和高功率探测器的研究
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摘要
近年来光纤放大器向大功率、大增益带宽以及低噪声方向发展,以满足密集波分复用系统、光纤CATV系统和空间光通信系统的应用。超大功率、超宽带和参数优化越来越成为光纤放大器追求的目标和国内外关注的焦点。本文根据双包层光纤的结构特点,采用包层泵浦耦合技术,对1550nm的大功率光纤放大器进行了理论和实验的研究。
本文首先从理论上对铒镱共掺双包层光纤放大器进行了设计和优化。采用Runge-Kutta法求解放大器的速率与功率传输方程,数值分析了在975nm泵浦下,双包层光纤放大器的输出信号功率、增益,讨论了它们随激活光纤长度、输入泵浦功率以及输入信号光功率的关系。
实验测量了放大器的主要性能指标。当泵浦光波长975nm,泵浦总功率为10W时,对λ=1550nm的信号光,在Ps=0dBm时,该放大器的输出功率可达400mW,小信号增益在26dB以上。
随着光纤通信技术的飞速发展,光纤测试设备也同步发展起来,对于传输光的监测与测量显得尤为重要。光探测器正是诸多急待开发的光纤系统测量仪器中的常用的、重要的基础设备。
本文对市场上各种常见的光探测器进行了分类介绍,着重分析了热释电光探测器的工作原理,设计了高功率光纤夹持头,并对一种常见的大功率热释电光探测器进行了实验研究,对它的工作性能进行了评定和比较。
Fiber amplifiers with high-power, wide-gain band and low-noise figure are required for applications to DWDM systems, fiber CATV system and space optical communication system. Ultrahigh-power, ultra-wide band and optimal parameters are becoming the goals the fiber amplifier pursues for and the focus both at home and abroad. Based on the characteristics of double-cladding fiber's configuration, the amplifier with high-power output at 1550 nm is studied in this dissertation by using the cladding-pumped coupling technique.
In this dissertation, the double cladding Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber amplifiers is designed and optimized through theoretical analysis at first. Using the Runge-Kutta method to solve the rate and power propagation equations of amplifiers, the output signal power, gain and noise characteristics of double cladding Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber amplifiers pumped at 975nm are investigated numerically. Their varyings as functions of the active fiber length, input pump power and input signal power are described.
The experiment measured the major functional parameters of the amplifier. When the pumping wavelength was 975nm and the total pumping power was 10W, the output power of the amplifier at 1550nm reached 400mW with Ps=0dBm and the small-signal gain was more than 26dB.
With the development of fiber communication technology, fiber measure equipment is also in progress, which is obviously important to the measurement of transferring laser. Optical detectors are important fundamental equipments in many fiber system measure instruments that need empolder urgently.
In this dissertation, all kinds of familiar optical detectors on the market are introduced classifiedly. The principle of the pyroelectricity optical detector is analyzed emphatically. A high-power fiber-chucking device is designed. A kind of high-power pyroelectricity optical detector is studied through experimentation, and its characteristic is assessed and compared.
本文首先从理论上对铒镱共掺双包层光纤放大器进行了设计和优化。采用Runge-Kutta法求解放大器的速率与功率传输方程,数值分析了在975nm泵浦下,双包层光纤放大器的输出信号功率、增益,讨论了它们随激活光纤长度、输入泵浦功率以及输入信号光功率的关系。
实验测量了放大器的主要性能指标。当泵浦光波长975nm,泵浦总功率为10W时,对λ=1550nm的信号光,在Ps=0dBm时,该放大器的输出功率可达400mW,小信号增益在26dB以上。
随着光纤通信技术的飞速发展,光纤测试设备也同步发展起来,对于传输光的监测与测量显得尤为重要。光探测器正是诸多急待开发的光纤系统测量仪器中的常用的、重要的基础设备。
本文对市场上各种常见的光探测器进行了分类介绍,着重分析了热释电光探测器的工作原理,设计了高功率光纤夹持头,并对一种常见的大功率热释电光探测器进行了实验研究,对它的工作性能进行了评定和比较。
Fiber amplifiers with high-power, wide-gain band and low-noise figure are required for applications to DWDM systems, fiber CATV system and space optical communication system. Ultrahigh-power, ultra-wide band and optimal parameters are becoming the goals the fiber amplifier pursues for and the focus both at home and abroad. Based on the characteristics of double-cladding fiber's configuration, the amplifier with high-power output at 1550 nm is studied in this dissertation by using the cladding-pumped coupling technique.
In this dissertation, the double cladding Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber amplifiers is designed and optimized through theoretical analysis at first. Using the Runge-Kutta method to solve the rate and power propagation equations of amplifiers, the output signal power, gain and noise characteristics of double cladding Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber amplifiers pumped at 975nm are investigated numerically. Their varyings as functions of the active fiber length, input pump power and input signal power are described.
The experiment measured the major functional parameters of the amplifier. When the pumping wavelength was 975nm and the total pumping power was 10W, the output power of the amplifier at 1550nm reached 400mW with Ps=0dBm and the small-signal gain was more than 26dB.
With the development of fiber communication technology, fiber measure equipment is also in progress, which is obviously important to the measurement of transferring laser. Optical detectors are important fundamental equipments in many fiber system measure instruments that need empolder urgently.
In this dissertation, all kinds of familiar optical detectors on the market are introduced classifiedly. The principle of the pyroelectricity optical detector is analyzed emphatically. A high-power fiber-chucking device is designed. A kind of high-power pyroelectricity optical detector is studied through experimentation, and its characteristic is assessed and compared.
引文
[1]杨祥林.光放大器及其应用.电子工业出版社.2000.38-39
[2]朱织芬.急待开发的光纤系统测量仪器.电子调试.1998.11(1).21-22
[3]赵长有 王红茹.稳定化光纤光源电路设计.世界电子元器件.2002.7.56-57
[4]E.Snitzer.Optical maser action of Nd~(3+) in a barium crown class.Phys.Rev.Lett..1961.(7).444-449
[5]C.J.Koester.E.Snitzer.Amplification in a fiber laser.Applied..1964.3(10).1182-1186
[6]J.Stone.C.A.Burrus.Neodymium-doped fiber lasers;room temperature CW operation with an injection laser pump.Appl.Opt..1974.13(6).1256-1258
[7]Poole.S.B.Payne.D.N.Fermann.M.E.Fabrication of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions[M].Electron Lett.1985
[8]Poole.S.B.et al..Fabrication of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions[M].J Lightware Technol.1986
[9]R.J.Mears.L.Reekie.I.M.Jauncey and D.N.Payne.Low-noise erbium doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54μm.Elect.Lett..1987.23(19).1026-1028
[10]Desurvire.Erbium-doped amplifiers,principles and applications.A Wiley-Interscience.New York.1985
[11]C.R.Giles.E.Desurvire.Modeling Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.J.Lightwave Technol.1991.9(2).271-283
[12]E.Snitzer.H.Po.F.Hakimi et al..Proc.Optical Fiber Sensors'88.New Orleans.1988.postdeadline paper PD5
[13]L.Goldberg.J.P.Koplow.A.V.Kliner.Compact 1-W Yb-doped double-cladding fiber amplifier using V-groove side-pumping.IEEE photon.Technol.Lett..1998.10(6).793-795
[14]G.Wilson.Low-Noise 1-Watt Er/Yb fiber amplifier for CATV distribution in HFC and FTTH/C systems.Proc.Conference Optical Fiber Communication(OFC'2000).Baltimore.USA.2000.FD.58-60
[15]G.C.Valley.Modeling cladding-pumped Er/Yb fiber amplifiers.Optical fiber technology.2001.7.21-44
[16]G.Sorbello.S.Taccheo.P.Laporta.Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of double-cladding erbium-ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Opt.Quantum Electron..2001.33.599-619
[17]Deiss.McIntosh.C.M.Williams G.M et al..Gain flatness of a 30 dBm tandem Er~(3+) -Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)double-clad fiber amplifier for WDM transmission.2002'OFC.2002.249-251
[18]J.P.Koplow.S.W.Moore.A.V.Kliner.A new method for side pumping of double-clad fiber sources.IEEE J.Quantum Electron..2003.39(4).529-540
[19]蒙红云.武志刚.高伟清等.1064nm抽运掺铥光纤放大器增益特性的理论研究[J].中国激光.2003.30(9).783-787
[20]雷建设.黄肇明.贾潞华等.双包层光纤放大器研究[J].激光杂志.2001.22(6).22-24
[21]张辉.王子华.用焦散面半径方法计算双包层光纤的吸收效率[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版).2002.8(5).396-399
[22]夏贵进.段景汉.赵尚弘等.带反射镜双包层Er-Yb共掺光纤放大器性能研究[J].激光技术.2004.28(1):12-19
[23]庄茂录.董淑福.管桦等.双包层Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺光纤放大器增益和噪声特性分析[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).2003.4(6).48-52
[24]汤卫国.Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)高功率双包层光纤放大器的研究.博士论文.2005.5-6
[25]热释电探测器综合理论模型分析.硕士论文.吕小平.2007.2-4
[26]李庆玲.精密光纤光功率计的设计.硕士论文.2004.2-5
[271 E.H.Putley.Semiconductors and Semimetals.Material Science and Engineering.1970.5(7):1-4
[28]陈育平.通信测试维护市场的现状及走向.中国电信.2003
[29]冷丽国.王模(?).一种宽波段大视场红外辐射探侧器.红外.2003.11(8):10-18
[30]贺风成.王本.徐大雄.热释电探测器及其应用.红外技术.1994.16(3):9-13
[31]Ning D.Yb3~+-doped double-clad fiber laser pumped by rectangular inner cladding.Chinese Physics Letter.2001.18(12).1592-1594
[32]贾秀杰.高功率光纤激光器及其相干合成技术的研究[学位论文].2007.2-4
[33]A.Liu,K.Ueda.Absorption characteristics of circular,offset,and rectangular double-clad fibers.Optics Communications.1996.132(5-6).511-518
[34]M.H.Muendel.Optics inner cladding shapes for double-clad fibers.Proceeding of the 1996conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.CLEO'96.1996.6.209
[35]S.U.Alam,P.W.Turner,A.B.Grudinin.High-power cladding pumped erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber laser.2001.TuI4-1-TuI4-3 vol.2.
[36]郭古城.掺镱双包层光纤放大器和激光束相干合成的基础研究[学位论文].2007.17
[37]赵崇光,宁永强,刘洋,王蓟,王立军.双包层Yb/Er共掺光纤放大器的数值模拟.光学精密工程.2008.8.1349-1353
[38]王玉田,郑龙江,侯培国,胡春海.光电子学与光纤传感器技术.北京.国防工业出版社.2003.10
[39]神保孝志.邵春林,邵颖志译.光电子学.北京.科技出版社.2001.8
[40]闫文成.热释电红外焦平面阵列最新进展[学位论文].2003.93-96
[41]Paul W.Kruse,David D.Skatrud.Uncooled Infrared Imaging Arrays and Systems.ACADEMIC PRESS.1997.21-27
[2]朱织芬.急待开发的光纤系统测量仪器.电子调试.1998.11(1).21-22
[3]赵长有 王红茹.稳定化光纤光源电路设计.世界电子元器件.2002.7.56-57
[4]E.Snitzer.Optical maser action of Nd~(3+) in a barium crown class.Phys.Rev.Lett..1961.(7).444-449
[5]C.J.Koester.E.Snitzer.Amplification in a fiber laser.Applied..1964.3(10).1182-1186
[6]J.Stone.C.A.Burrus.Neodymium-doped fiber lasers;room temperature CW operation with an injection laser pump.Appl.Opt..1974.13(6).1256-1258
[7]Poole.S.B.Payne.D.N.Fermann.M.E.Fabrication of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions[M].Electron Lett.1985
[8]Poole.S.B.et al..Fabrication of low-loss optical fibers containing rare-earth ions[M].J Lightware Technol.1986
[9]R.J.Mears.L.Reekie.I.M.Jauncey and D.N.Payne.Low-noise erbium doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.54μm.Elect.Lett..1987.23(19).1026-1028
[10]Desurvire.Erbium-doped amplifiers,principles and applications.A Wiley-Interscience.New York.1985
[11]C.R.Giles.E.Desurvire.Modeling Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.J.Lightwave Technol.1991.9(2).271-283
[12]E.Snitzer.H.Po.F.Hakimi et al..Proc.Optical Fiber Sensors'88.New Orleans.1988.postdeadline paper PD5
[13]L.Goldberg.J.P.Koplow.A.V.Kliner.Compact 1-W Yb-doped double-cladding fiber amplifier using V-groove side-pumping.IEEE photon.Technol.Lett..1998.10(6).793-795
[14]G.Wilson.Low-Noise 1-Watt Er/Yb fiber amplifier for CATV distribution in HFC and FTTH/C systems.Proc.Conference Optical Fiber Communication(OFC'2000).Baltimore.USA.2000.FD.58-60
[15]G.C.Valley.Modeling cladding-pumped Er/Yb fiber amplifiers.Optical fiber technology.2001.7.21-44
[16]G.Sorbello.S.Taccheo.P.Laporta.Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of double-cladding erbium-ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Opt.Quantum Electron..2001.33.599-619
[17]Deiss.McIntosh.C.M.Williams G.M et al..Gain flatness of a 30 dBm tandem Er~(3+) -Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)double-clad fiber amplifier for WDM transmission.2002'OFC.2002.249-251
[18]J.P.Koplow.S.W.Moore.A.V.Kliner.A new method for side pumping of double-clad fiber sources.IEEE J.Quantum Electron..2003.39(4).529-540
[19]蒙红云.武志刚.高伟清等.1064nm抽运掺铥光纤放大器增益特性的理论研究[J].中国激光.2003.30(9).783-787
[20]雷建设.黄肇明.贾潞华等.双包层光纤放大器研究[J].激光杂志.2001.22(6).22-24
[21]张辉.王子华.用焦散面半径方法计算双包层光纤的吸收效率[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版).2002.8(5).396-399
[22]夏贵进.段景汉.赵尚弘等.带反射镜双包层Er-Yb共掺光纤放大器性能研究[J].激光技术.2004.28(1):12-19
[23]庄茂录.董淑福.管桦等.双包层Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺光纤放大器增益和噪声特性分析[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).2003.4(6).48-52
[24]汤卫国.Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)高功率双包层光纤放大器的研究.博士论文.2005.5-6
[25]热释电探测器综合理论模型分析.硕士论文.吕小平.2007.2-4
[26]李庆玲.精密光纤光功率计的设计.硕士论文.2004.2-5
[271 E.H.Putley.Semiconductors and Semimetals.Material Science and Engineering.1970.5(7):1-4
[28]陈育平.通信测试维护市场的现状及走向.中国电信.2003
[29]冷丽国.王模(?).一种宽波段大视场红外辐射探侧器.红外.2003.11(8):10-18
[30]贺风成.王本.徐大雄.热释电探测器及其应用.红外技术.1994.16(3):9-13
[31]Ning D.Yb3~+-doped double-clad fiber laser pumped by rectangular inner cladding.Chinese Physics Letter.2001.18(12).1592-1594
[32]贾秀杰.高功率光纤激光器及其相干合成技术的研究[学位论文].2007.2-4
[33]A.Liu,K.Ueda.Absorption characteristics of circular,offset,and rectangular double-clad fibers.Optics Communications.1996.132(5-6).511-518
[34]M.H.Muendel.Optics inner cladding shapes for double-clad fibers.Proceeding of the 1996conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.CLEO'96.1996.6.209
[35]S.U.Alam,P.W.Turner,A.B.Grudinin.High-power cladding pumped erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber laser.2001.TuI4-1-TuI4-3 vol.2.
[36]郭古城.掺镱双包层光纤放大器和激光束相干合成的基础研究[学位论文].2007.17
[37]赵崇光,宁永强,刘洋,王蓟,王立军.双包层Yb/Er共掺光纤放大器的数值模拟.光学精密工程.2008.8.1349-1353
[38]王玉田,郑龙江,侯培国,胡春海.光电子学与光纤传感器技术.北京.国防工业出版社.2003.10
[39]神保孝志.邵春林,邵颖志译.光电子学.北京.科技出版社.2001.8
[40]闫文成.热释电红外焦平面阵列最新进展[学位论文].2003.93-96
[41]Paul W.Kruse,David D.Skatrud.Uncooled Infrared Imaging Arrays and Systems.ACADEMIC PRESS.1997.21-27