光纤倏逝波生物膜活性在线检测传感器的研究
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摘要
光纤倏逝波传感技术是一种高灵敏度的微量分析技术,在临床医学、水质检测、食品卫生检测和生物战剂检测等方面具有广泛的应用。其探测机理是通过传感区域围绕纤芯的待测物质对特定波段的倏逝波进行吸收,造成倏逝波的衰减,通过检测作用前后光强的衰减量,确定待测物质的含量。光纤倏逝波传感器的传感区域结构参数将影响传感器的灵敏度。因此,传感区域理论模型是研究整个光纤倏逝波传感技术的首要任务。基于几何光学,建立了锥形过渡区域透射深度关于锥形参数的数学模型、传感区域均匀部分有效吸收路径关于感应芯径和感应长度的数学模型,并对各个模型进行了研究。讨论了不同锥形参数(发射角、锥度比、锥长)下倏逝波的透射深度,传感区域均匀部分的不同光纤芯径和长度下倏逝波的有效吸收路径,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:在传感区域锥形过渡部分,选择合适的锥形光纤几何体和发射角,可以使得透射深度增大近3倍,当锥度比为0.4时,透射深度最大;在传感区域均匀部分,减小光纤芯径,增大光纤长度可以提高传感区域倏逝波的有效吸收路径。这些结论可以用来指导制作高灵敏度光纤倏逝波传感器。依据这些结论,选用石英光纤和HF腐蚀试剂,利用静动结合腐蚀方法,制作了锥形光纤倏逝波传感器。本文首先选用基于光纤光谱仪的生物膜活性检测系统,用来得到附着在传感器感应区域的生物膜生长过程中的变化吸收光谱图。利用此光谱图,结合生物膜生长过程中的传感区域的电子显微镜照片,可以得到生物膜的特征吸收波长。在此基础上,选用合适的LED光源和探测器,采用脉冲调制方法,开发了基于窄带发光LED的生物膜活性检测平台。两种方法实验结果表明,特征波长处吸收度随时间的变化与细菌数量随时间的变化较吻合,基本实现了生物膜活性的在线检测。
Evanescent wave sensing technology is a high sensitive microanalysis technology, widely used in clinical medicine, water quality monitoring, food safe and biological warfare agent detection. Mechanism of the technology is made use of the absorption that material surrounding the fiber core interacted with the specific band evanescent wave. The material content can be detected through using variation of light density caused by the absorption. The structural parameters of sensing region will influence on the sensitivity of fiber optical evanescent wave sensor. Therefore, theoretical model for sensing region is a primary task for researching evanescent wave sensing technology. Mathematical models are established based on the geometrical optics, respectively for penetration depth and taper parameters in conical transition region, effective absorptive path and sensing fiber core and length in uniform sensing region. Penetration depth in different tapered parameters and effective absorptive path in different are discussed and simulated. The simulation result indicates that penetration depth can be increased about three times through selecting suitable taper parameters and reaches a maximum when the taper ratio is equaled to 0.4, and the effective absorptive path can be enhanced when decrease fiber core and increase fiber length in the sensing region. These results can be used to guide to make high sensitive fiber optical evanescent wave sensor. Silica optical fiber and HF corrosive reagent is selected, and tapered fiber optical evanescent wave sensor is manufactured based on the static-dynamic combination etching method. In this paper, biofilm active detection system based on the fiber spectrometer is used firstly to get absorption spectrogram for the process of biofilm development. The feature absorption wavelength of biofilm can be got from the absorption spectrogram and electron microscope figure of biofilm development on the sensing region. According to this absorption wavelength, suitable wavelength LED and PIN photoelectric detector are selected, then a biofilm active monitor system is developed based on the PWM. The experimental results from this two monitor systems show that the absorbance time-varying in feature wavelength is according with bacteria number time-varying, basically implementing the online monitoring of biofilm active.
Evanescent wave sensing technology is a high sensitive microanalysis technology, widely used in clinical medicine, water quality monitoring, food safe and biological warfare agent detection. Mechanism of the technology is made use of the absorption that material surrounding the fiber core interacted with the specific band evanescent wave. The material content can be detected through using variation of light density caused by the absorption. The structural parameters of sensing region will influence on the sensitivity of fiber optical evanescent wave sensor. Therefore, theoretical model for sensing region is a primary task for researching evanescent wave sensing technology. Mathematical models are established based on the geometrical optics, respectively for penetration depth and taper parameters in conical transition region, effective absorptive path and sensing fiber core and length in uniform sensing region. Penetration depth in different tapered parameters and effective absorptive path in different are discussed and simulated. The simulation result indicates that penetration depth can be increased about three times through selecting suitable taper parameters and reaches a maximum when the taper ratio is equaled to 0.4, and the effective absorptive path can be enhanced when decrease fiber core and increase fiber length in the sensing region. These results can be used to guide to make high sensitive fiber optical evanescent wave sensor. Silica optical fiber and HF corrosive reagent is selected, and tapered fiber optical evanescent wave sensor is manufactured based on the static-dynamic combination etching method. In this paper, biofilm active detection system based on the fiber spectrometer is used firstly to get absorption spectrogram for the process of biofilm development. The feature absorption wavelength of biofilm can be got from the absorption spectrogram and electron microscope figure of biofilm development on the sensing region. According to this absorption wavelength, suitable wavelength LED and PIN photoelectric detector are selected, then a biofilm active monitor system is developed based on the PWM. The experimental results from this two monitor systems show that the absorbance time-varying in feature wavelength is according with bacteria number time-varying, basically implementing the online monitoring of biofilm active.
引文
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[7] Yu-Fen Huang,Huan-Tsung Chang.Analysis of Adenosine Triphosphate and Glutathione through Gold Nanoprticles Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry [J].Analytical Chemistry,2007,79:4852-4859
[8] Kondo S,Asakawa T,Morita F.Difference UV-absorption spectrum of scallop adductor myosin induced by ATP[J].Journal of biochemistry,1979,86(5):1567-1571
[9] Byoungho Lee.Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors [J]. Optical Fiber technology,2003,9:57-79
[10] Eric Udd.Optical fiber sensors[J].Fiber and integrated Optics,1992,11(4): 319-336
[11] Otto S.Wolfbeis.Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors[J].Analytical chenmistry, 2004,76(12):3269-3284
[12] A.D.Kersey,A.Dandridge.Distributed and Multiplexed Fiber-Optic Sensor[J]. Optical Society of America,1988,2:60-71
[13] Joan R.Casas,Paulo J.S.Cruz.Fiber Optic Sensors for Bridge Monitoring[J]. American Society of Civil Engineers,2003,8(6):362-373
[14] Sunil K. Khijwania,Kirthi L. Srinivasan,Jagdish P. Singh.An evanescent-wave optical fiber relative humidity sensor with enhanced sensitivity [J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2005,104(2):217-222
[15] Lynn K.Cao,George P.Anderson,Frances S.Ligler ect.Detection of Yersinia pestis Fraction 1 Antigen with a Fiber Optic Biosensor[J].American Society for Microbiology,1995,33(2):336-341
[16] Frances S.Ligler,George P.Anderson,Peggy T.Davidson ect.Romote Sensing Using an Airborne Biosensor[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1998,32:2461-2466
[17] Nadezhda V.Kulagina,George P.Anderson,Frances S.Ligler ect.Antimicrobial Peptides :New Recognition Molecules for Detecting Botulinum Toxins[J].Sensors,2007,7:2808-2824
[18] R.Orghici,U.Willer,M.Gierszewska ect.Fiber optic evanescent field sensor for detection of explosives and CO2 dissolved in water[J].Applied Physics B,2008,90:355-360
[19]黄慧杰,翟俊辉,任冰强等.光纤倏逝波生物传感器及其应用[J].光学学报,2003,23(4):451-454
[20] Yihui Wu,Xiaohong Deng,Feng Li ect.Less-mode optic fiber evanescent wave absorbing sensor: Parameter design for high sensitivity liquid detection[J].Sensors and Actuators B,2007,122:127-133
[21] Yan Xiong,Dao-qian Zhu,Chun-feng Duan ect.Small-volume fiber-optic evanescent–wave absorption sensor for nitrite determination[J].Anal Bionaal Chem,2010,396:943-948
[22]邓立新,冯莹,唐波.光纤免疫生物传感器的探针设计[J].传感技术学报,2004,3:520-525
[23]邓立新.基于倏逝场的光纤生物传感器系统关键技术研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006
[24] R.Philip-Chandy,Patricia J.Scully,Piers Eldridge ect.An Optical Fiber Sensor for Biofilm Measurement Using Intensity Modulation and Image Analysis[J] . IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS,2000,6(5):764-772
[25] Anne Delille,Fabienne Quiles,Francois Humbert ect.In Situ Monitoring of the Nascent Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilm Response to Variations in the Dissolved Origanic Carbon Level in Low-Nutrient Water by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy[J].Applied and Enbironmental Microbiology,2007,73(18):5782-5788
[26] K.Cherif,S.Hlelir,A.Abdelghani ect.Chemical detection in liquid media with a refractometric sensor based on a multimode optical fibre[J].Sensors,2002,2:195-204
[27] P.Suresh Kumar,S.Thomas Lee,C.P.G.Vallabhan ect.Design and development of an LEDbased fiber optic evanescent wave sensor for simultaneous detection of chromium and nitrite traces in water[J].Optics Communications,2002,214:25-30
[28] P.C.Preejith,C.S.Lim,A.Kishen ect.Total protein measurement using a fiber-optic evanescent wave-based biosensor[J].Biotechnology Letters,2003,25:105-110
[29] S.K.Khijwania,B.D.Gupta.Fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor:Effect of fiber parameters and geometry of the probe[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1999,31:625-636
[30] S.K.Khijwania,B.D.Gupta.Maximum achievable sensitibity of the fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor based on the U-shaped probe[J].Optics Communications,2000,175:135-137
[31] P.K.Choudhury,Toshihiko Yoshino.On the fibero-optic chlorine sensor with enhanced sensitivity based on the study of evanescent field absorption spectroscopy[J].Optik,2004,115(7):329-333
[32] B.D.Gupta,A.K.Tomar,A.Sharma.A novel probe for an evanescent wave fibre-optic absorption sensor[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1995,27:747-753
[33]陈永诗.光纤类型、标准和最新发展(上)[J].电力系统通信.2004,9:1-4
[34]陈永诗.光纤类型、标准和最新发展(下)[J].电力系统通信.2004,10:54-59
[35]廖延彪.光纤传感技术与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2009
[36]廖延彪.光纤光学:原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2010
[37]蔡覆中.Goos-Hanchen位移的直观解释与简单推导[J].大学物理.1994,13(4):6-8
[38]戚非,王晓秋.用波动理论计算古斯-汉辛位移[J].大连大学学报.2003,24(4):21-24
[39]刘永德,曾凯,韦鹏等.郎伯—比尔定律偏差分析[J].中国水运.2006,6(11):236-237
[40]赵明富,黄德翼,罗彬彬,矫雷子.光纤Bragg光栅倏逝波传感器[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010(10):68-72
[41]赵凌,刘全利,王越.基于无线传感器网络的森林火险监测系统的设计[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学版), 2009(2):163-167.
[42] George Z.Wang,Kent A.Murphy,Richard O.Claus.Effect of external index of refraction on multimode fiber couplers[J].Applied optics.1995,34(36):8289-8293
[43] A.Grazia.Evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy by means of bi-taper multimode optical probes[J]. Appl.Spectr.,1998,52:546-550
[44] Liu Qian-qian,Xu Xue-mei,Lei Wei etc.The New Taper Geometries Design of Fiber Optical Evanescent Wave Biosensor Probe[J].Optoelectronic technology,2008, 28(1):21-25(in Chinese)
[45] A.Ankiewicz,C.Pask,A.W.Snyder.Slowly varying optical fibers[J]. Opt.Soc.Am.,1982,72(2):198-203
[46] Raoul Stockle,Christian Fokas,Volker Deckert,Renato Zenobi.High-quality near-field optical probes by tube etching[J]. Applied physics letters,1999,75(2):160-162
[47] Patrick Lambelet,Abdeljalil Sayah,Michael Pfeffer etc.Chemically etched fiber tips for near field optical microscopy:aprocess for smoother tips[J]. Applied Optics,1998,37(31):7289-7292
[48] Alexander Lazarev,Nicholas Fang,Qi Lu etc.Formation of fine near-field scanning optical microscopy tips. Part I. By static and dunamic chemical etching[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2003,74(8):3679-3683
[49]杨永斌,徐文东,罗继全.制备扫描近场光学显微镜光纤探针的自动化腐蚀方法[J].光子学报,2009,38(8):1962-1966
[50] Takeshi Kada,Atsushi Obara,Toshiyuki Watanabe etc.Fabrication of refractive index disrtributions in polymer using a photochemical reaction[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2000,87(2):638-642
[51] Jose Ramon Jimenez,Francisco Rodriguez-Marin,Rosario Gonzalez Anera etc.Deviations of Lambert-Beer’s law affect corneal refractive parameters after refractive surgery[J].OSA,2006,14(12):5411-5417
[2]李军,彭永臻,杨秀山,等.序批式生物膜法反硝化除磷特性及其机理[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(2):219-223
[3]王建翔,陈洪斌,何群彪,等.生物膜法除磷的研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2006,31(1):47-51
[4]陈俊,金腊华,卢创新,等.悬浮式生物膜法处理城市河涌水技术研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(3):169-172
[5]邬文鹏,李素芹,熊国宏,等.生物膜法处理焦化废水试验研究[J].中国高新技术企业,2010,136:111-112
[6]马牧源,刘静玲,杨志峰.生物膜法应用于海河流域湿地生态系统健康评价展望[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(2):226-236
[7] Yu-Fen Huang,Huan-Tsung Chang.Analysis of Adenosine Triphosphate and Glutathione through Gold Nanoprticles Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry [J].Analytical Chemistry,2007,79:4852-4859
[8] Kondo S,Asakawa T,Morita F.Difference UV-absorption spectrum of scallop adductor myosin induced by ATP[J].Journal of biochemistry,1979,86(5):1567-1571
[9] Byoungho Lee.Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors [J]. Optical Fiber technology,2003,9:57-79
[10] Eric Udd.Optical fiber sensors[J].Fiber and integrated Optics,1992,11(4): 319-336
[11] Otto S.Wolfbeis.Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors[J].Analytical chenmistry, 2004,76(12):3269-3284
[12] A.D.Kersey,A.Dandridge.Distributed and Multiplexed Fiber-Optic Sensor[J]. Optical Society of America,1988,2:60-71
[13] Joan R.Casas,Paulo J.S.Cruz.Fiber Optic Sensors for Bridge Monitoring[J]. American Society of Civil Engineers,2003,8(6):362-373
[14] Sunil K. Khijwania,Kirthi L. Srinivasan,Jagdish P. Singh.An evanescent-wave optical fiber relative humidity sensor with enhanced sensitivity [J].Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2005,104(2):217-222
[15] Lynn K.Cao,George P.Anderson,Frances S.Ligler ect.Detection of Yersinia pestis Fraction 1 Antigen with a Fiber Optic Biosensor[J].American Society for Microbiology,1995,33(2):336-341
[16] Frances S.Ligler,George P.Anderson,Peggy T.Davidson ect.Romote Sensing Using an Airborne Biosensor[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1998,32:2461-2466
[17] Nadezhda V.Kulagina,George P.Anderson,Frances S.Ligler ect.Antimicrobial Peptides :New Recognition Molecules for Detecting Botulinum Toxins[J].Sensors,2007,7:2808-2824
[18] R.Orghici,U.Willer,M.Gierszewska ect.Fiber optic evanescent field sensor for detection of explosives and CO2 dissolved in water[J].Applied Physics B,2008,90:355-360
[19]黄慧杰,翟俊辉,任冰强等.光纤倏逝波生物传感器及其应用[J].光学学报,2003,23(4):451-454
[20] Yihui Wu,Xiaohong Deng,Feng Li ect.Less-mode optic fiber evanescent wave absorbing sensor: Parameter design for high sensitivity liquid detection[J].Sensors and Actuators B,2007,122:127-133
[21] Yan Xiong,Dao-qian Zhu,Chun-feng Duan ect.Small-volume fiber-optic evanescent–wave absorption sensor for nitrite determination[J].Anal Bionaal Chem,2010,396:943-948
[22]邓立新,冯莹,唐波.光纤免疫生物传感器的探针设计[J].传感技术学报,2004,3:520-525
[23]邓立新.基于倏逝场的光纤生物传感器系统关键技术研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2006
[24] R.Philip-Chandy,Patricia J.Scully,Piers Eldridge ect.An Optical Fiber Sensor for Biofilm Measurement Using Intensity Modulation and Image Analysis[J] . IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS,2000,6(5):764-772
[25] Anne Delille,Fabienne Quiles,Francois Humbert ect.In Situ Monitoring of the Nascent Pseudomonas fluorescens Biofilm Response to Variations in the Dissolved Origanic Carbon Level in Low-Nutrient Water by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy[J].Applied and Enbironmental Microbiology,2007,73(18):5782-5788
[26] K.Cherif,S.Hlelir,A.Abdelghani ect.Chemical detection in liquid media with a refractometric sensor based on a multimode optical fibre[J].Sensors,2002,2:195-204
[27] P.Suresh Kumar,S.Thomas Lee,C.P.G.Vallabhan ect.Design and development of an LEDbased fiber optic evanescent wave sensor for simultaneous detection of chromium and nitrite traces in water[J].Optics Communications,2002,214:25-30
[28] P.C.Preejith,C.S.Lim,A.Kishen ect.Total protein measurement using a fiber-optic evanescent wave-based biosensor[J].Biotechnology Letters,2003,25:105-110
[29] S.K.Khijwania,B.D.Gupta.Fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor:Effect of fiber parameters and geometry of the probe[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1999,31:625-636
[30] S.K.Khijwania,B.D.Gupta.Maximum achievable sensitibity of the fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor based on the U-shaped probe[J].Optics Communications,2000,175:135-137
[31] P.K.Choudhury,Toshihiko Yoshino.On the fibero-optic chlorine sensor with enhanced sensitivity based on the study of evanescent field absorption spectroscopy[J].Optik,2004,115(7):329-333
[32] B.D.Gupta,A.K.Tomar,A.Sharma.A novel probe for an evanescent wave fibre-optic absorption sensor[J].Optical and Quantum Electronics,1995,27:747-753
[33]陈永诗.光纤类型、标准和最新发展(上)[J].电力系统通信.2004,9:1-4
[34]陈永诗.光纤类型、标准和最新发展(下)[J].电力系统通信.2004,10:54-59
[35]廖延彪.光纤传感技术与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2009
[36]廖延彪.光纤光学:原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2010
[37]蔡覆中.Goos-Hanchen位移的直观解释与简单推导[J].大学物理.1994,13(4):6-8
[38]戚非,王晓秋.用波动理论计算古斯-汉辛位移[J].大连大学学报.2003,24(4):21-24
[39]刘永德,曾凯,韦鹏等.郎伯—比尔定律偏差分析[J].中国水运.2006,6(11):236-237
[40]赵明富,黄德翼,罗彬彬,矫雷子.光纤Bragg光栅倏逝波传感器[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010(10):68-72
[41]赵凌,刘全利,王越.基于无线传感器网络的森林火险监测系统的设计[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学版), 2009(2):163-167.
[42] George Z.Wang,Kent A.Murphy,Richard O.Claus.Effect of external index of refraction on multimode fiber couplers[J].Applied optics.1995,34(36):8289-8293
[43] A.Grazia.Evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy by means of bi-taper multimode optical probes[J]. Appl.Spectr.,1998,52:546-550
[44] Liu Qian-qian,Xu Xue-mei,Lei Wei etc.The New Taper Geometries Design of Fiber Optical Evanescent Wave Biosensor Probe[J].Optoelectronic technology,2008, 28(1):21-25(in Chinese)
[45] A.Ankiewicz,C.Pask,A.W.Snyder.Slowly varying optical fibers[J]. Opt.Soc.Am.,1982,72(2):198-203
[46] Raoul Stockle,Christian Fokas,Volker Deckert,Renato Zenobi.High-quality near-field optical probes by tube etching[J]. Applied physics letters,1999,75(2):160-162
[47] Patrick Lambelet,Abdeljalil Sayah,Michael Pfeffer etc.Chemically etched fiber tips for near field optical microscopy:aprocess for smoother tips[J]. Applied Optics,1998,37(31):7289-7292
[48] Alexander Lazarev,Nicholas Fang,Qi Lu etc.Formation of fine near-field scanning optical microscopy tips. Part I. By static and dunamic chemical etching[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2003,74(8):3679-3683
[49]杨永斌,徐文东,罗继全.制备扫描近场光学显微镜光纤探针的自动化腐蚀方法[J].光子学报,2009,38(8):1962-1966
[50] Takeshi Kada,Atsushi Obara,Toshiyuki Watanabe etc.Fabrication of refractive index disrtributions in polymer using a photochemical reaction[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2000,87(2):638-642
[51] Jose Ramon Jimenez,Francisco Rodriguez-Marin,Rosario Gonzalez Anera etc.Deviations of Lambert-Beer’s law affect corneal refractive parameters after refractive surgery[J].OSA,2006,14(12):5411-5417