不锈钢表面多孔结构的吸收特性研究
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摘要
本文采用激光加工法制备周期性分布的不锈钢表面大孔与小孔结构,采用阳极氧化方法制备表面无规则孔分布结构。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察多孔材料表面的孔分布状态与孔径大小,轮廓仪、白光干涉仪测试孔深,紫外-可见光光度计与红外傅立叶光谱仪测试多孔材料光吸收率。同时在测试过程中对激光加工多孔结构中产生的偏差与缺陷进行了估计。
材料表面形态直接影响其吸收特性,表面多孔结构孔洞大小、分布、深度都对表面吸收系数有影响。本文根据光学反射理论推导出不锈钢表面大孔结构吸收模型,根据光学衍射理论推导出不锈钢表面小孔结构吸收模型,根据表面大孔模型与小孔模型结合推导出无规则孔分布结构吸收模型。
根据吸收率测试结果验证表面多孔结构吸收模型,结果表明,表面多孔结构对材料吸收率有明显的增强作用,最多可提高吸收率达两倍以上。表面大孔结构吸收模型能较好的反映表面多孔结构孔距、孔深、孔径的变化与吸收率变化的关系;当只有孔间距变化且越小时,和只有孔径变化且越大时,以及只有孔深变化且越大时,材料吸收率提高系数越大,即材料吸收率增加越多。表面小孔结构吸收模型与实验数据吻合较好,表明孔径接近入射波长尺寸时能强烈吸收入射波;当孔间距越小时,表面孔数量越大,材料吸收率提高系数越大,即材料吸收率增加越大。表面无规则孔分布结构既有大孔又有小孔,在光谱吸收时同时呈现大孔结构吸收与小孔结构吸收的特点;无规则结构孔洞越多,材料吸收提高系数越大,即材料吸收率增加越多;与入射波长尺寸近似的孔洞越多,材料吸收峰越高;吸收曲线趋势与无规则孔分布结构吸收模型吻合。
In this paper, multihole structure with periodic distribution were prepared on the surface of stainless steel by laser machining, and porous structure of random distribution was prepared by AAO. The pore distribution of porous materials and pore size on material surface were analyzed by Metallurgical Microscopy and SEM; pore depth was tested by Contourgraph and White Light Interferometer; the spectral absorption factors of the porous materials were tested by UV-Vis and FTIR. At the same time, errors and defects caused by manufacturing and testing were estimated.
According to the theory of light reflex, absorption model of big-porous structure on surface of stainless steel was deduced. According to the theory of light diffraction, absorption model of small-porous structure on surface of stainless steel was deduced. To combine the absorption model of big-porous structure and the absorption model of small-porous structure, the absorption model of random-porous structure on surface of stainless steel was deduced.
Absorption model of porous structure on surface of stainless steel was verified by experiment testing. The results show that the surface of porous structure significantly is the absorption rate of materials increased, sometimes more than twice. Absorption model of big-porous structure can reflect the changes relationship between absorption factor and porous space, depth, diameter. When only porous space is changed and becomes smaller, or only porous depth is changed and becomes bigger, or only porous diameter is changed and becomes bigger, the coefficient of absorption rate increase greater, that is, the absorption factor of materials increases. Absorption model of small-porous structure are in good agreement with the experimental data, and it shows that incident waves are absorbed strongly when the wavelength is similar to the pore diameter. When only pore space is changed and smaller, it means the number of pore increases, and the coefficient of increasing in absorption rate becomes greater, that is, the absorption factor of materials is greater. The random-porous structure on surface of stainless steel includes both big-pores and small-pores, so it has both characteristics of their. The number of random-pore becomes more, the coefficient of increasing in absorption rate will greater, that is, the absorption factor of materials is greater. The number of random-pore which is similar to the porous diameter being more, absorption peaks will be higher ; the experimental data are fit very well with the rules of the absorption model of random-porous structure on surface.
材料表面形态直接影响其吸收特性,表面多孔结构孔洞大小、分布、深度都对表面吸收系数有影响。本文根据光学反射理论推导出不锈钢表面大孔结构吸收模型,根据光学衍射理论推导出不锈钢表面小孔结构吸收模型,根据表面大孔模型与小孔模型结合推导出无规则孔分布结构吸收模型。
根据吸收率测试结果验证表面多孔结构吸收模型,结果表明,表面多孔结构对材料吸收率有明显的增强作用,最多可提高吸收率达两倍以上。表面大孔结构吸收模型能较好的反映表面多孔结构孔距、孔深、孔径的变化与吸收率变化的关系;当只有孔间距变化且越小时,和只有孔径变化且越大时,以及只有孔深变化且越大时,材料吸收率提高系数越大,即材料吸收率增加越多。表面小孔结构吸收模型与实验数据吻合较好,表明孔径接近入射波长尺寸时能强烈吸收入射波;当孔间距越小时,表面孔数量越大,材料吸收率提高系数越大,即材料吸收率增加越大。表面无规则孔分布结构既有大孔又有小孔,在光谱吸收时同时呈现大孔结构吸收与小孔结构吸收的特点;无规则结构孔洞越多,材料吸收提高系数越大,即材料吸收率增加越多;与入射波长尺寸近似的孔洞越多,材料吸收峰越高;吸收曲线趋势与无规则孔分布结构吸收模型吻合。
In this paper, multihole structure with periodic distribution were prepared on the surface of stainless steel by laser machining, and porous structure of random distribution was prepared by AAO. The pore distribution of porous materials and pore size on material surface were analyzed by Metallurgical Microscopy and SEM; pore depth was tested by Contourgraph and White Light Interferometer; the spectral absorption factors of the porous materials were tested by UV-Vis and FTIR. At the same time, errors and defects caused by manufacturing and testing were estimated.
According to the theory of light reflex, absorption model of big-porous structure on surface of stainless steel was deduced. According to the theory of light diffraction, absorption model of small-porous structure on surface of stainless steel was deduced. To combine the absorption model of big-porous structure and the absorption model of small-porous structure, the absorption model of random-porous structure on surface of stainless steel was deduced.
Absorption model of porous structure on surface of stainless steel was verified by experiment testing. The results show that the surface of porous structure significantly is the absorption rate of materials increased, sometimes more than twice. Absorption model of big-porous structure can reflect the changes relationship between absorption factor and porous space, depth, diameter. When only porous space is changed and becomes smaller, or only porous depth is changed and becomes bigger, or only porous diameter is changed and becomes bigger, the coefficient of absorption rate increase greater, that is, the absorption factor of materials increases. Absorption model of small-porous structure are in good agreement with the experimental data, and it shows that incident waves are absorbed strongly when the wavelength is similar to the pore diameter. When only pore space is changed and smaller, it means the number of pore increases, and the coefficient of increasing in absorption rate becomes greater, that is, the absorption factor of materials is greater. The random-porous structure on surface of stainless steel includes both big-pores and small-pores, so it has both characteristics of their. The number of random-pore becomes more, the coefficient of increasing in absorption rate will greater, that is, the absorption factor of materials is greater. The number of random-pore which is similar to the porous diameter being more, absorption peaks will be higher ; the experimental data are fit very well with the rules of the absorption model of random-porous structure on surface.
引文
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3 L. J. Gibson, M. F. Ashby著.多孔固体结构与性能,第二版.刘培生译.清华大学出版社, 2003:73-82
4 R. F. Boehm, C. L. Tien. Small Spacing Analysis of Radiate Transfer Between Parallel Metallic Surface. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer. 1970.405-411
5韩鸿硕.国外航天器防热系统和材料的应用研究现状.宇航材料工艺, 1994, (6):1-12
6 A . Sentenac, J. J. Greffet. Design of Surface Microrelief with Selective Radiative Propertyes. Int.. Heat Mass Transter, 1994. vol,37:553-558
7 J. P. Longtin, C. L. Tien. Mircroscale Radiation Phenomena in Microscale Energy Transport. Eds. 1998:112-148
8刘欣,薛向欣,段培宁.多孔结构对材料吸波性能的影响.材料与冶金学报, 2007, 12(4):306-310
9 G. Zhang, L. J. Guo, I. Z. Liu. Application of Diamond-Like Carbon Film as Protection and Antireflection Coatings of ZnS Elements. Optical Engineering, 1994; 33 (4):1330-1333
10范恩荣.微孔材料多孔结构的测定.浙江化工, 1994(4):40-42
11李福欣,李青,贺晓东.激光加工技术的应用.农业装备与车辆工程. 2008,8:46-50
12 D. W. Cohn,Tang J, R. O. Buckius. Comparison of Theory and Experiments for Reflection from Microcontoured Surfaces. Int.. Heat Mass Transfer, 1997.vol.40: 3223-3235
13王玲,李续东,朱璐.隐身技术发展综述.飞机设计参考资料. 2003,(2):11
14刘世良.红外隐身技术发展综述.中国航天. 1994,(7):41-44
15付伟.飞机光电隐身技术.航空兵器. 2001,(4):9-12
16阿列克谢耶夫,陈开来,什塔盖尔.隐身技术的物理学基础.兵器工业出版社, 2002:125-127
17匡兴华,钟华.隐身技术与隐身对抗.国防科技参考,1996,17(1):31-48
18刑丽英,蒋诗才,李斌太.隐身材料.化学工业出版社,2004:3-20
19高技术新材料编辑委员会编.高技术新材料概览.中国科学技术出版社, 1993:23-27
20袁文麟.多波段伪装材料.红外与激光技术, 1994(2):18-22
21琼斯.J.隐身技术—黑色魔力的艺术.洪旗,魏海滨编译.航空工业出版社, 1991:5-15
22张光寅,戴松涛,张存洲.多孔材料红外反射光谱的下塌现象.红外与毫米波学报. 1995,8:283-287
23车晓光.国外微波吸收材料.国防科技大学出版社,1993:127-135
24 D. L. Jaggard. N. Enghel. Chirosorbas an Invisible Mediam. Electronics Letters, 1989,25(3):173-174
25江家京,王春芳,孟海乐.吸波建筑材料的研究及应用进展.科技情报开发与经济, 2005,15(1):132-133
26史蒂文●维●索克莱.太阳能与建筑.中国建筑工业出版社,1980:685-690
27吴升,沈晓冬,袁林生.电磁屏蔽和吸波材料的研究进展.电子元件与材料, 2005,24(1):57-61
28赵玉峰,肖瑞,赵东平.电磁辐射的抑制技术.中国铁道出版社, 1989:82-85
29喜文华主编,魏一康,张兰英副主编,太阳能实用工程技术.兰州:兰州大学出版社,2001:212-215
30葛新石,龚保,陆维德,王义方.太阳能工程一原理和应用.北京:学术期刊出版社, 1998:50-57
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